Biodegradable polymeric compositions based on starch and thermoplastic polymers
First Claim
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1. A polymeric composition obtainable from a melt comprising a starch component, a plasticizer and a synthetic thermoplastic polymer component, wherein the synthetic component comprises at least one polymer or mixture of polymers selected from the group consisting of:
- (a) homopolymers of aliphatic hydroxyacids having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, the corresponding lactones or lactides;
(b) copolymers of a first monomer selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydroxyacids having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, the corresponding lactones or lactides with a second monomer selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydroxyacids having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms other than that constituting the first monomer, corresponding lactones or lactides, aromatic hydroxyacids, aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates;
(c) block or graft copolymers between the homopolymers and copolymers (a) or (b) with one or more of the following components;
(i) cellulose or modified cellulose;
(ii) amylose, amylopectin, natural or modified starches;
(iii) polymers deriving from reaction of diols, polyester prepolymers or polymers having diol terminal groups with;
aromatic or aliphatic bifunctional isocyanates,aromatic or aliphatic bifunctional epoxydes,aliphatic bicarboxylic acids,bicarboxylic cycloaliphatic acids,aromatic acids or anhydrides,(iv) polyurethanes, polyamide-urethanes from diisocyanates and aminoalcohols, polyamides, polyesteramides from bicarboxylic acids and aminoalcohols, polyester-urea from aminoacids and diesters of glycols,(v) polyhydroxylated polymers selected from the group consisting of polyvinylalcohol, ethylenevinylalcohol copolymers, totally or partially hydrolyzed, and polysaccharides up to dextrins,(vi) polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidonevinylacetate copolymers, polyethyloxazolines;
(vii) ionomeric polymers selected from polyacrylates and polymetacrylates;
(d) polyesters obtained from monomers or comonomers as defined above at (a) and (b) upgraded with chain extenders selected from the group consisting of isocyanates, epoxides, phenylesters and aliphatic carbonates;
(e) polyesters obtained from monomers and comonomers defined at (a) and (b) above partially crosslinked by means of polyfunctional acids selected from the group consisting of trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, polyisocyanates and polyepoxides, said starch component and said synthetic polymer component being present in a ratio of from 1;
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Abstract
The biodegradable polymeric compositions comprise a starch based component and a polymeric component comprising polymers of hydroxyacids or mixtures thereof with polymers deriving from ethylenically unsaturated monomers, particularly polymers of ethylene-vinylalcohol or polyvinylalcohol.
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Citations
27 Claims
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1. A polymeric composition obtainable from a melt comprising a starch component, a plasticizer and a synthetic thermoplastic polymer component, wherein the synthetic component comprises at least one polymer or mixture of polymers selected from the group consisting of:
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(a) homopolymers of aliphatic hydroxyacids having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, the corresponding lactones or lactides; (b) copolymers of a first monomer selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydroxyacids having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, the corresponding lactones or lactides with a second monomer selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydroxyacids having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms other than that constituting the first monomer, corresponding lactones or lactides, aromatic hydroxyacids, aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates; (c) block or graft copolymers between the homopolymers and copolymers (a) or (b) with one or more of the following components; (i) cellulose or modified cellulose; (ii) amylose, amylopectin, natural or modified starches; (iii) polymers deriving from reaction of diols, polyester prepolymers or polymers having diol terminal groups with; aromatic or aliphatic bifunctional isocyanates, aromatic or aliphatic bifunctional epoxydes, aliphatic bicarboxylic acids, bicarboxylic cycloaliphatic acids, aromatic acids or anhydrides, (iv) polyurethanes, polyamide-urethanes from diisocyanates and aminoalcohols, polyamides, polyesteramides from bicarboxylic acids and aminoalcohols, polyester-urea from aminoacids and diesters of glycols, (v) polyhydroxylated polymers selected from the group consisting of polyvinylalcohol, ethylenevinylalcohol copolymers, totally or partially hydrolyzed, and polysaccharides up to dextrins, (vi) polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidonevinylacetate copolymers, polyethyloxazolines; (vii) ionomeric polymers selected from polyacrylates and polymetacrylates; (d) polyesters obtained from monomers or comonomers as defined above at (a) and (b) upgraded with chain extenders selected from the group consisting of isocyanates, epoxides, phenylesters and aliphatic carbonates; (e) polyesters obtained from monomers and comonomers defined at (a) and (b) above partially crosslinked by means of polyfunctional acids selected from the group consisting of trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, polyisocyanates and polyepoxides, said starch component and said synthetic polymer component being present in a ratio of from 1;
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1. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27)
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- 9. A composition according to claim B, wherein component B comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinylalcohol, ethylene-acrylic acid, ethylene-vinylacetate, ethylene-vinylalcohol, modified ethylene-vinylalcohol, modified polyvinylalcohol and mixtures thereof.
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25. A thermoplastic polymeric composition including starch component, a synthetic thermoplastic polymer component and a plasticizer, wherein the synthetic thermoplastic component comprises blends of both (1) a polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinylalcohol copolymer and polyvinylalcohol and (2) an aliphatic polyester, and the plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of:
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(a) polyols formed by from 1 to 20 repeating hydroxylated units each including from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, (b) ethers, thioethers, inorganic and organic esters, acetals and amino-derivatives of polyols formed by from 1 to 20 repeating hydroxylated units, each including from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, (c) reaction products of polyols having from 1 to 20 repeating hydroxylated units, each including from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, with chain extenders, (d) oxidation products of polyols having from 1 to 20 repeating hydroxylated units, each including from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, including at least one aldehydic or carboxylic functional group or a mixture thereof, said starch component and said synthetic polymer component being present in a ratio of from 1;
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Specification