Image coding method and image coding apparatus

• US 5,412,430 A
• Filed: 05/04/1994
• Issued: 05/02/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 07/31/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Inventors: Nagata, Atsushi
• Primary Examiner(s): Britton, Howard W.
• Application Number:
  US08/238,334
• Time in Patent Office: 363 Days
• Field of Search: 348/402, 348/407, 348/413, 348/416, 375/27, 375/33
• US Class Current: 348/402.1
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/105 Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/112 according to a given display mode, e.g. for interlaced or progressive display mode
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/124 Quantisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/13 Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/137 Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/146 Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/152 by measuring the fullness of the transmission buffer
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/172 the region being a picture, frame or field
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/46 Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process H04N19/517, H04N19/68, H04N19/70 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/577 Motion compensation with bidirectional frame interpolation, i.e. using B-pictures
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/58 Motion compensation with long-term prediction, i.e. the reference frame for a current frame not being the temporally closest one H04N19/23 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/61 in combination with predictive coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/91 Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/9262 using predictive coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/9264 using transform coding

Abstract

In high efficiency coding of a motion image signal in transmission or recording of the motion image signal, plural prediction signals are determined by independently compensating a motion of reproduction signals of plural frames positioned before a frame to be coded. A linear combination of these prediction signals is used as derived a prediction signal. An error of the frame to be coded and the derived prediction signal is coded. As a result, the distortion of the prediction signal, that is, the prediction error is reduced, and the coding efficiency is enhanced.

Claims

1. An image coding method comprising the steps of:

compensating a motion of reproduction signals of N (N being an integer of 2 or more) frames positioned before a frame to be coded to obtain first to N-th prediction signals;

determining a linear combination of the first to N-th prediction signals to obtain a corresponding derived prediction signal; and

coding a difference between the frame to be coded and the derived prediction signal.

2. An image coding method comprising the steps of:

compensating a motion of reproduction signals of two frames positioned before a frame to be coded to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal;

determining an average of the first prediction signal and the second prediction signal to obtain a corresponding third prediction signal; and

coding a difference between the frame to be coded and the average prediction signal.

3. An image coding method comprising the steps of:

compensating a motion of reproduction signals of two frames positioned before a frame to be coded to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal;

determining an average of the first prediction signal and the second prediction signal to obtain a corresponding third prediction signal;

determining a size of a prediction error of the first, second and third prediction signals in each block composed of a set of plural pixels;

selecting one prediction signal having a smallest prediction error from among the first, second and third prediction signals to obtain a selected prediction signal; and

coding a difference between the frame to be coded and the selected prediction signal.

4. An image coding method comprising the steps of:

compensating a motion of reproduction signals of two frames positioned before a frame to be coded to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal;

determining an average of the first prediction signal and the second prediction signal to obtain a corresponding third prediction signal;

selecting one prediction signal from among at least two prediction signals including the third prediction signal to obtain a selected prediction signal; and

coding a difference between the selected prediction signal and the frame to be coded.

5. An image coding apparatus comprising:

coding means for coding a difference between a frame to be coded and a derived prediction signal to produce a prediction error code;

decoding means for decoding the prediction error code to obtain a reproduction signal;

memory means for storing the reproduction signal;

motion compensating means for compensating a motion of N (N being an integer of 2 or more) frames before the frame to be coded in the reproduction signal stored in the memory means to obtain first to N-th prediction signals; and

linear combining means for determining a linear combination of the first to N-th prediction signals to obtain the derived prediction signal.

6. An image coding apparatus comprising:

coding means for coding a difference between a frame to be coded and a selected prediction signal to produce a prediction error code;

decoding means for decoding the prediction error code to obtain a reproduction signal;

memory means for storing the reproduction signal;

motion compensating means for compensating a motion of N (N being an integer of 2 or more) frames before the frame to be coded in the reproduction signal stored in the memory means to obtain first to N-th prediction signals;

linear combining means for determining a linear combination of the first to the N-th prediction signals to obtain a corresponding derived prediction signal of a linear combination; and

selector means for selecting one prediction signal from among at least two prediction signals including the derived prediction signal of the linear combination to obtain the selected prediction signal.

7. An image coding apparatus comprising:

prediction error calculating means for producing as a prediction error signal a difference between a frame to be coded and a prediction signal;

coding means for coding the prediction error signal to produce a selected prediction error code;

decoding means for decoding the prediction error code to obtain a reproduction signal;

memory means for storing the reproduction signal;

compensating means for compensating a motion of two frames positioned before the frame to be coded in the reproduction signal stored in the memory means to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal;

averaging means for determining an average of the first prediction signal and the second prediction signal to obtain a corresponding third prediction signal; and

prediction error calculating means for determining a size of a prediction error of the first, second and third prediction signals in every block which is a set of plural pixels; and

means for selecting one prediction signal having a smallest prediction error from among the first, second and third prediction signals as the selected prediction signal.

8. An image coding apparatus comprising:

prediction error calculating means for producing as a prediction error signal a difference between a frame to be coded and a selected prediction signal;

coding means for coding the prediction error signal to produce a prediction error code;

decoding means for decoding the prediction error code to obtain a reproduction signal;

memory means for storing the reproduction signal;

compensating means for compensating a motion of two frames positioned before the frame to be coded in the reproduction signal stored in the memory means to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal;

averaging means for determining an average of the first prediction signal and the second prediction signal to obtain a corresponding third prediction signal; and

selector means for selecting one prediction signal from among at least two prediction signals including the third prediction signal to obtain the selected prediction signal.

9. An image coding apparatus for coding an interlaced scan motion image signal comprising:

prediction error calculating means for producing as a prediction error signal a difference between a field to be coded and a selected prediction signal;

coding means for coding the prediction error signal to produce a prediction error code;

decoding means for decoding the prediction error code to obtain a reproduction signal;

memory means for storing the reproduction signal;

motion compensating means for compensating a motion of a first field and a second field positioned before the field to be coded in the reproduction signal stored in the memory means to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal;

averaging means for determining an average of the first prediction signal and the second prediction signal to obtain a corresponding third prediction signal; and

prediction error calculating means for determining a size of a prediction error of the first, second and third prediction signals in every block which is a set of plural pixels; and

means for selecting one prediction signal having a smallest prediction error from among the first, second and third prediction signals as the selected prediction signal.

10. An image coding apparatus for coding an interlaced scan motion image signal, comprising:

prediction error calculating means for producing as a prediction error signal a difference between a field to be coded and a selected prediction signal;

coding means for coding the prediction error signal to produce a prediction error code;

decoding means for decoding the prediction error code to obtain a reproduction signal;

memory means for storing the reproduction signal;

motion compensating means for compensating a motion of a first field and a second field positioned before the field to be coded in the reproduction signal stored in the memory means to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal;

averaging means for determining an average of the first prediction signal and the second prediction signal to obtain a corresponding third prediction signal; and

selector means for selecting one prediction signal from among at least two prediction signals including the third prediction signal to obtain the selected prediction signal.

11. An image coding method for coding an interlaced scan motion image signal comprising:

producing as a prediction error signal a difference between a field to be coded and a selected prediction signal;

coding the prediction error signal to produce a prediction error code;

decoding the prediction error code to obtain a reproduction signal;

storing the reproduction signal in a memory;

compensating a motion of a first field and a second field positioned before the field to be coded in the reproduction signal stored in the memory to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal;

determining an average of the first prediction signal and the second prediction signal to obtain a corresponding third prediction signal; and

determining a size of a prediction error of the first, second and third prediction signals in every block which is a set of plural pixels; and

selecting one prediction signal having a smallest prediction error from among the first, second and third prediction signals as the selected prediction signal.

12. An image coding method for coding an interlaced scan motion image signal, comprising:

producing as a prediction error signal a difference between a field to be coded and a selected prediction signal;

coding the prediction error signal to produce a prediction error code;

decoding the prediction error code to obtain a reproduction signal;

storing the reproduction signal in a memory;

compensating a motion of a first field and a second field positioned before the field to be coded in the reproduction signal stored in the memory to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal;

determining an average of the first prediction signal and the second prediction signal to obtain a corresponding third prediction signal; and

selecting one prediction signal from among at least two prediction signals including the third prediction signal to obtain the selected prediction signal.

13. An image coding method for coding an interlaced scan motion image signal comprising:

compensating a motion of reproduction signals of N fields positioned before a field to be coded to obtain first to N-th prediction signals, wherein N is an integer of 2 or more;

processing the first to N-th prediction signals to obtain a derived prediction signal; and

coding a difference between the field to be coded and the derived prediction signal.

14. An image coding method for coding an interlaced scan motion image signal comprising:

compensating a motion of reproduction signals of N fields positioned before a field to be coded to obtain first to N-th prediction signals, wherein N is an integer of 2 or more;

determining a linear combination of the first to N-th prediction signals to obtain a corresponding derived prediction signal; and

coding a difference between the field to be coded and the derived prediction signal.

15. An image coding method for coding an interlaced scan motion image signal comprising:

compensating a motion of reproduction signals of a first field and a second field positioned before a field to be coded to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal;

processing the first and second prediction signals to obtain a derived prediction signal; and

coding a difference between the field to be coded and the derived prediction signal.

16. An image coding method for coding an interlaced scan motion image signal comprising:

compensating a motion of reproduction signals of a first field and a second field positioned before a field to be coded to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal;

determining a linear combination of the first and second prediction signals to obtain a corresponding derived prediction signal; and

coding a difference between the field to be coded and the derived prediction signal.

17. An image coding apparatus for coding an interlaced scan motion image signal comprising:

prediction error calculating means for producing as a prediction error signal a difference between a field to be coded and a new prediction signal;

coding means for coding the prediction error signal to produce a prediction error code;

decoding means for decoding the prediction error code to obtain a reproduction signal;

memory means for storing the reproduction signal;

motion compensating means for compensating a motion of N fields positioned before the field to be coded in the reproduction signal stored in the memory means to obtain first to N-th prediction signals, where N is an integer of 2 or more; and

means for processing the first to N-th prediction signals to obtain the new prediction signal.

18. An image coding apparatus for coding an interlaced scan motion image signal comprising:

prediction error calculating means for producing as a prediction error signal a difference between a field to be coded and a derived prediction signal;

coding means for coding the prediction error signal to produce a prediction error code;

decoding means for decoding the prediction error code to obtain a reproduction signal;

memory means for storing the reproduction signal;

motion compensating means for compensating a motion of a first field and a second field positioned before the field to be coded in the reproduction signal stored in the memory means to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal; and

means for processing the first and second prediction signals to obtain the derived prediction signal.

19. An image coding apparatus for coding an interlaced scan motion image signal comprising:

prediction error calculating means for producing as a prediction error signal a difference between a field to be coded and a derived prediction signal;

coding means for coding the prediction error signal to produce a prediction error code;

decoding means for decoding the prediction error code to obtain a reproduction signal;

memory means for storing the reproduction signal;

motion compensating means for compensating a motion of N fields positioned before the field to be coded in the reproduction signal stored in the memory means to obtain first to N-th prediction signals, where N is an integer of 2 or more; and

means for determining a linear combination of the first to N-th prediction signals to obtain the derived prediction signal.

20. An image coding apparatus for coding an interlaced scan motion image signal comprising:

prediction error calculating means for producing as a prediction error signal a difference between a field to be coded and a derived prediction signal;

coding means for coding the prediction error signal to produce a prediction error code;

decoding means for decoding the prediction error code to obtain a reproduction signal;

memory means for storing the reproduction signal;

motion compensating means for compensating a motion of a first field and a second field positioned before the field to be coded in the reproduction signal stored in the memory means to obtain a first prediction signal and a second prediction signal; and

means for determining a linear combination of the first and second prediction signals to obtain the derived prediction signal.