Vehicle navigation apparatus providing simultaneous forward and rearward views

• US 5,414,461 A
• Filed: 11/12/1992
• Issued: 05/09/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/15/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Kishi, Norimasa, Takada, Masayuki
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Tommy P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): LIN, BRYAN T
• Application Number:
  US07/974,890
• Time in Patent Office: 908 Days
• Field of Search: 358/108, 358/103, 345/7, 345/8
• US Class Current: 348/115
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/00 Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/28 with an adjustable field of view
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/31 providing stereoscopic vision
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2300/101 using cameras with adjustable capturing direction
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2300/105 using multiple cameras
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2300/107 using stereoscopic cameras
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2300/205 using a head-up display
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2300/207 using multi-purpose displays, e.g. camera image and navigation or video on same display
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2300/404 triggering from stand-by mode to operation mode
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2300/802 for monitoring and displaying vehicle exterior blind spot views
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2300/8046 for replacing a rear-view mirror system
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2300/8066 for monitoring rearward traffic
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 30/35 using reflective optical elements in the optical path between the images and the observer
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/239 using two 2D image sensors having a relative position equal to or related to the interocular distance H04N13/243 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/296 Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/344 with head-mounted left-right displays
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/398 Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof

Abstract

In an apparatus for controllably supplying visual information for a viewer, an optical system including ocular glasses corresponding to right and left eyes of the driver (viewer) is provided so that images on a pair of liquid crystal televisions are introduced to the pair of ocular glasses to provide a three-dimensional solid image. Two television cameras are installed on a vehicle so as to be faced in the rearward direction with their bodies juxtaposed to each other. When the vehicle is reversed, a reflectivity of a half mirror is maximized so that a rearward scenery can be viewed via the ocular glasses in the form of a solid image. During the forwarding of the vehicle, a forward field of view is produced for a half mirror with a transmissivity of the half mirror maximized.

Claims

1. A visual information supplying apparatus, comprising:

a) first providing means for providing first visual information;

b) first displaying means for displaying the first visual information in a form of a first image;

c) second providing means for providing second visual information including the visual information for one eye of a human and for the other eye of the human;

d) second displaying means for displaying the second visual information in the form of a three-dimensional second image;

e) producing means, coupled to said first and second displaying means, capable of producing respective said first image and said second image independently or superimposing one of said first image and said second image on the other for a viewer;

f) switching signal generating means, coupled to said producing means, for generating and outputting a switching signal depending on which one of the first and second images is selected to be displayed on the producing means;

g) image controlling means, coupled to said producing means and said switching signal generating means, for controlling the producing means so as to selectively produce either or both of the first and second image for the viewer on the basis of the switching signal,

wherein said visual information supplying apparatus is mounted on a moving object and wherein said first displaying means includes a combining glass which provides forward scenery to the viewer in the moving object directly as the first image, the forward scenery being the first visual information and wherein said second displaying means includes;

a pair of camera means, installed on the moving object so as to face toward either a side direction or a rearward direction of the moving object with a spatial distance between each other, the spatial distance being set to provide substantially the same distance as the interval distance between the eyeballs of the human, for outputting the second visual information; and

monitor means, installed in the moving object so as to oppose the eyeballs of the viewer for receiving the second visual information from said pair of camera means and for displaying the second visual information received from said pair of camera means in the form of the three dimensional image,

h) a vehicle reversing detecting means for determining whether the vehicle is running rearward or not and wherein said switching signal generating means outputs the switching signal in response to a signal from said vehicle reversing detecting means from said vehicle reversing detecting means, said signal indicating whether the vehicle is running rearward or not, wherein said viewer is a vehicle driver;

i) a head position detecting means for detecting a movement position of the head of the vehicle driver and outputting a signal indicating the movement position of the vehicle driver;

j) supporting means for pivotally supporting said pair of camera means so as to face said pair of camera means toward a desired photographing direction; and

k) camera position controlling means for pivotally controlling the position of the pair of camera means via said supporting means in response to the signal indicating the movement position of the head of the driver so that the photographing direction of the pair of camera means is controlled in accordance with the head movement direction,

wherein said producing means includes a mirror having a function to vary its transmissivity.

2. A visual information supplying apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said moving object is a vehicle and said pair of camera means is installed on the vehicle so as to face toward the rear direction of the vehicle.

3. A visual information supplying apparatus as set forth in claim 1, which further includes illumination detecting means for detecting a brilliance of the first visual information and for outputting a signal indicating the brilliance of the first visual information and brilliance varying means for controlling the second displaying means so as to vary the brilliance of the second image according to the signal indicating brilliance of the first visual information.

4. A visual information supplying apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein said brilliance varying means stepwise varies the brilliance of the second visual information.

5. A visual information supplying apparatus as set forth in claim 4, wherein said pair of monitors includes a pair of liquid crystal televisions.

6. A visual information supplying apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein said image controlling means includes switching means for switching the second visual information to exchange the visual information for the right eye of the driver with the visual information for the left eye of the driver.

7. A visual information supplying apparatus as set forth in claim 1, which further includes illumination detecting means for detecting a brilliance of the first visual information and for outputting a signal indicating the brilliance and varying means for controlling the second displaying means so as to vary the brilliance of the second image according to the signal indicating brilliance of the first visual information.

8. A visual information supplying apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said second visual information includes road guidance information or road map information.

9. A visual information supplying apparatus for a vehicle, comprising:

a) first visually displaying means for displaying a first visual information in a form of a first image against the eyes of a viewer, the first visual information being front scenery with respect to a vehicle body via a front windshield of the vehicle;

b) second visually displaying means for displaying second visual information in a form of a three dimensional second image against the eyes of the viewer, the second visual information being provided for the second visually displaying means including visual information for the viewer'"'"'s right eye and visual information for the viewer'"'"'s left eye, wherein said second visually displaying means includes;

pair of video cameras juxtaposed to each other, said pair of video cameras having a mutual spatial distance of their lenses corresponding to a mutual eyeball distance of a human being rotatably supported on the vehicle body so as to photograph outer scenery except the front scenery and a pair of monitors receiving video signals from the pair of cameras and displaying the second image on the screens of the monitors;

c) guiding means for selectively guiding either the first image from the first visually displaying means or the second image from the second visually displaying means to the viewer, wherein the screens of the pair of monitors are faced against each other and wherein said guiding means includes;

a pair of mirrors reflecting light rays from the screens of the monitors;

a pair of convex lenses; and

a pair of half mirrors, each half mirror having a variable transmissivity according to its drive voltage; and

a pair of combining glasses for receiving and passing light rays from the first image; and

a pair of ocular windows for receiving light rays from the second image reflected via the half mirrors and light rays from the first image transmitted via said pair of combining glasses and said pair of half mirrors;

d) switching signal generating means, coupled to said guiding means, for generating and outputting a switching signal depending on which one of the first and second images is selected to be guided through the guiding means; and

e) image controlling means for controlling the guiding means so as to selectively guide either the first image or second image to the viewer on the basis of the switching signal.

10. A visual information supplying apparatus for a vehicle as set forth in claim 9, wherein said image controlling means controls the drive voltages supplied to said pair of half mirrors so that the pair of half mirrors selectively pass the light rays from the first image or the light rays from the second image.

11. A visual information supplying apparatus for a vehicle as set forth in claim 10, which further includes a gear position detector for detecting whether a gear position of a power transmission of the vehicle is placed at a reverse position and outputting a signal indicating that the gear position is placed at the reverse position and wherein said image controlling means controls the drive voltages of the pair of half mirrors in response to the signal indicating that the gear position is placed at a reverse position so that the reflectivities of the half mirrors are maximized and the light rays from the second image are passed to the ocular windows.

12. A visual information supplying apparatus for a vehicle as set forth in claim 11, wherein said guiding means is installed in the vehicle so that the pair of ocular windows are opposed to the eyeballs of the viewer and wherein said guiding means includes head portion movement position detecting means for detecting a head portion movement position and wherein said pair of cameras are pivoted so as to vary the photographing direction of the pair of cameras in accordance with the head portion movement direction.

13. A visual information supplying apparatus for a vehicle as set forth in claim 12, which further includes a brilliance sensor for detecting a brilliance of the first image and outputting a signal indicating the brilliance of the first image and wherein said image controlling means controls the brilliance of both of said pair of monitors according to the brilliance signal.

14. A visual information supplying apparatus for a vehicle as set forth in claim 13, wherein said viewer is a vehicle driver and said pair of cameras are pivotally supported and installed on a rear windshield of the vehicle so as to view rearward scenery of the vehicle, said second visual information being the rearward scenery.

15. A visual information supplying apparatus for a vehicle as set forth in claim 14, wherein said pair of cameras is connected to the pair of monitors, with one of the cameras for one eye of the driver changed exchanged with the other camera for the other eye of the driver.

16. A visual information supplying apparatus for a vehicle as set forth in claim 9, wherein said guiding means includes a mirror having a function to vary its transmissivitity.

17. A visual information supplying apparatus for a vehicle as set forth in claim 9, wherein said second visual information includes road guidance information or road map information.