Particle-loaded nonwoven fibrous article for separations and purifications

• US 5,415,779 A
• Filed: 02/17/1994
• Issued: 05/16/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 10/11/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3M Company
• Original Assignee: 3M Company
• Inventors: Markell, Craig G., Hansen, Paul E., Baumann, Nicholas R., Hagen, Donald F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Therkorn, Ernest G.
• Application Number:
  US08/198,527
• Time in Patent Office: 453 Days
• Field of Search: 427/180, 96/154, 96/101, 264/122, 156/199, 156/221, 428/280, 428/281, 428/296, 428/283, 428/331, 428/317.9, 428/903, 428/408, 428/323, 428/284, 210/635, 210/656, 210/659, 210/198.2, 210/502.1, 436/161
• US Class Current: 210/635
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 15/08 Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 15/361 Ion-exchange
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 15/3804 Affinity chromatography
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 15/3833 Chiral chromatography
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/28014 characterised by their form
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/28028 Particles immobilised within fibres or filaments
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/28033 Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/28052 Several layers of identical or different sorbents stacked in a housing, e.g. in a column
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/28085 being more than 50 nm, i.e. macropores
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 47/018 Granulation; Incorporation of ion-exchangers in a matrix; Mixing with inert materials
• CPC Class Codes: D04H 1/54 by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in combination with needling D04H1/485
• CPC Class Codes: D04H 1/56 in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/528 Monolithic sorbent material
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/903 Microfiber, less than 100 micron diameter
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 156/1007 Running or continuous length work
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 156/1043 Subsequent to assembly
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/249986 Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/25 Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 442/626 Microfiber is synthetic polymer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 442/699 Including particulate material other than strand or fiber material

Abstract

A particle loaded, porous, fibrous compressed or fused article comprises a nonwoven fibrous polymeric web, which preferably is thermoplastic, melt-extrudable, and pressure-fusible blown microfibrous web, and sorptive particles enmeshed in said web, the particle loaded fibrous article has a Gurley number of at least two seconds, and the article is useful in separation science. A method of preparation of the article and method of use is also disclosed.

Claims

1. A method for solid phase extraction of an analyte from a fluid comprising the steps of:

passing a fluid containing at least one analyte through a particle loaded, porous, fibrous, at least one of compressed and fused, article comprising

a) a thermoplastic nonwoven fibrous web, and

b) sorptive particles enmeshed in said web,

wherein said particle loaded fibrous article has been compressed or fused by at least one of calendering, heating, and applying pressure to provide said article with controlled porosity and a Gurley number of at least two seconds, and

recovering said analyte from at least one of an eluant, an effluent, or from the resulting analyte-containing extraction medium.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said nonwoven fibrous web is selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyolefin, polyurethane, polyester, and polyvinylhalide.

3. The method according to claim 2 wherein said polyolefin is polypropylene.

4. The method according to claim 1 wherein said nonwoven fibrous web has a thickness of at least 20 percent less than an unpressed article.

5. The method according to claim 1 wherein said nonwoven fibrous web comprises in the range of 30 to 70 volume percent polymeric fibers and in the range of 70 to 30 volume percent air.

6. The method according to claim 1 wherein said particles in said web are selected from the group consisting of an organic compound or polymer, an inorganic oxide, carbon, and a support particle coated with an insoluble, non-swellable sorbed or bonded coating.

7. The method according to claim 6 wherein said inorganic oxide particles in said web are selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, titania, and zirconia.

8. The method according to claim 6 wherein said sorbed coating is polybutadiene or said bonded coating is selected from the group consisting of a cyano, cyclohexyl, octyl, and octadecyl group.

9. The method according to claim 1 wherein said polymeric web is present in the range of 5 to less than 100 weight percent and said particles are present in the range of more than 0 to 95 weight percent.

10. The method according to claim 1 wherein said particles comprise at least 20 weight percent of said fibrous web.

11. The method according to claim 1 wherein said article further comprises up to 20 weight percent property modifiers to aid at least one of increasing hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity, to indicate pH, to facilitate processing, and in coloring.

12. The method according to claim 1 wherein said pores in said article have a mean pore size in the range of 0.2 to 10 micrometers.

13. The method according to claim 1 wherein said Gurley time of said article is at least 4.

14. The method according to claim 1 wherein said sorptive particles in said article are ion-exchange or chelating particles.

15. The method according to claim 1 wherein said sorptive particles in said article have chiral functionality.

16. The method according to claim 1 wherein said sorptive particles in said article have affinity functionality.

17. The method according to claim 1 wherein said article is a solid phase extraction medium.

18. The method according to claim 1 wherein said article is a chromatographic medium.

19. The method according to claim 1 wherein said nonwoven, fibrous web is a melt-blown web.

20. The method according to claim 1 which is used in a large scale remedial removal of at least one analyte from said fluid.

21. A method for solid phase extraction of an analyte from a fluid comprising the steps of:

passing a fluid containing at least one analyte through a particle loaded, porous, fibrous, at least one of compressed and fused, article comprising

a) a thermoplastic nonwoven fibrous web, and

b) chemically reactive particles enmeshed in said web,

wherein said particle loaded fibrous article has been compressed or fused by at least one of calendering, heating, and applying pressure to provide said article with controlled porosity and a Gurley number of at least two seconds, and

recovering said analyte from at least one of an eluant, an effluent, or from the resulting analyte-containing extraction medium.

22. A method for solid phase extraction of an analyte from a fluid comprising the steps of:

a) passing a fluid containing at least one analyte through a particle-loaded, porous, fibrous, thermoplastic, at least one of compressed and fused article comprising a thermoplatic nonwoven fibrous web having enmeshed therein chemically reactive or sorptive particles, wherein said fibrous web has been compressed or fused by at least one of calendering, heating, and applying pressure to provide said article with controlled porosity and a Gurley number of at least 2 seconds, and

b) recovering said analyte from at least one of an eluant, an effluent, or from the resulting analyte-containing extraction medium.