High speed polling protocol for multiple node network

• US 5,416,777 A
• Filed: 03/11/1993
• Issued: 05/16/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 04/10/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Kirkham, Harold
• Primary Examiner(s): MARCELO, MELVIN C
• Application Number:
  US08/029,620
• Time in Patent Office: 796 Days
• Field of Search: 370/13.1, 370/16, 370/16.1, 370/60, 370/85.6, 370/85.7, 370/85.8, 370/85.12, 370/85.14, 370/85.15, 370/94.1, 370/95.1, 370/95.2, 340/825.07, 340/825.08, 340/310 A, 340/310 R
• US Class Current: 370/449
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5408 using protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5433 Remote metering
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/545 Audio/video application, e.g. interphone
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5458 Monitor sensor; Alarm systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5491 using filtering and bypassing
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/542 the information being in digital form
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/403 with centralised control, e.g. polling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/04 Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing

Abstract

The invention is a multiple interconnected network of intelligent message-repeating remote nodes which employs a remote node polling process performed by a master node by transmitting a polling message generically addressed to all remote nodes associated with the master node. Each remote node responds upon receipt of the generically addressed polling message by transmitting a poll-answering informational message and by relaying the polling message to other adjacent remote nodes.

Claims

1. A communication network comprising:

a plurality of remote nodes, each of said remote nodes comprising node processor means for repeating received messages addressed to others of said nodes;

a plurality of links which connect said plural nodes in a network of said nodes;

means for transmitting a polling message addressed to at least plural ones of said remote nodes; and

wherein each of said remote nodes comprise poll-responsive means responsive upon receipt of said polling message for transmitting a poll-answering message and for relaying said polling message to others of said remote nodes;

wherein each remote node is connected to plural ones of said links, and wherein said poll-responsive means comprise;

means for sensing which one of said plural links connected to said node said polling message arrived on; and

means responsive to said means for sensing for transmitting said poll-answering message on the link on which said polling message arrived while simultaneously transmitting said polling message on another link to which said node is connected;

wherein each of said remote nodes further comprises;

means for sensing a poll-answering message received on one of said links from another one of said remote nodes; and

means responsive to said means for sensing a poll-answering message for transmitting said poll-answering message received from said other one of said remote nodes on all links to which said node is connected.

2. The communication network of claim 1 wherein said poll-responsive means comprises means for responding only to a particular class of polling messages.

3. The communication network of claim 2 wherein said class corresponds to contents of a predetermined portion of said polling message.

4. The communication network of claim 1 wherein each of said node processor means further comprises distributed protocol means for terminating a message which has been received at the corresponding node more than once.

5. The communication network of claim 4 wherein said node processor means comprises:

means for originating a message comprising an information portion;

means for appending a unique identification number to said message;

stack memory means for storing the identification number of each received message; and

wherein said distributed protocol means comprises means for comparing the identification number of each received message with the identification numbers stored in the stack memory means so as to determine whether to repeat the received message.

6. The communication network of claim 1 wherein:

said means for transmitting a polling message on said links comprises a master node in said network, said master node being connected by respective ones of said links to at least one of said remote nodes;

said communication network is co-extensive with an electrical power distribution network, at least some of said remote nodes further comprising power distribution automation apparatus and said master node comprising power substation control unit.

7. The communication network of claim 6 wherein said distribution automation apparatus comprises at least one of:

sensing means for monitoring a parameter of said electrical power distribution network, and

regulation means for controlling apparatus in said power distribution network.

8. The communication network of claim 7 wherein said master node comprises automation processing means for executing a set of stored application program instructions to manage the distribution automation apparatus of corresponding remote nodes.

9. The communication network of claim 8 further comprising a set of secondary nodes connected to respective ones of said remote nodes by secondary links, wherein said link means connecting said remote nodes comprise fiber optic cables and said secondary links comprise relatively low bandwidth non-fiber optic links.

10. The communication network of claim 9 wherein said power distribution network comprises a high-voltage primary circuit and a plurality of low-voltage secondary circuits receiving power through step-down transformer means from said primary circuit, wherein said secondary nodes are co-located with respective ones of said secondary circuits, said secondary links comprising power line carrier means for coupling between said secondary nodes and said remote nodes through said primary and secondary circuits.

11. The communication network of claim 1 further comprising bypass means in each node for permitting received messages to bypass a node.

12. The communication network of claim 1 wherein said communication network is co-extensive with an electrical power distribution substation, at least some of said remote nodes further comprising apparatus within said electrical power distribution substation.

13. A communication network comprising:

a plurality of remote nodes, each of said remote nodes comprising node processor means for repeating received messages addressed to others of said nodes;

a plurality of links which connect said plural nodes in a network of said nodes;

means for transmitting polling message addressed to at least plural ones of said remote nodes; and

wherein each of said remote nodes comprise poll-responsive means responsive upon receipt of said polling message for transmitting a poll-answering message and for relaying said polling message to other of said remote nodes;

wherein said poll-responsive means comprises means for responding to a polling message after receiving n polling messages and for refraining from responding to intervening polling messages, wherein n is an integer individually assigned to an individual node, whereby different nodes respond to polling messages at different rates.

14. A communication network comprising:

a plurality of remote nodes, each of said remote nodes comprising node processor means for repeating received messages addressed to others of said nodes;

a plurality of links which connect said plurality of remote nodes in a network of said nodes;

means for transmitting a polling message addressed to at least plural ones of said remote nodes; and

wherein each of said remote nodes comprise poll-responsive means responsive upon receipt of said polling message for transmitting a poll-answering message and for relaying said polling message to others of said remote nodes;

wherein said means for transmitting a polling message on said links comprises a master node in said network, said master node being connected by respective ones of said links to at least one of said remote nodes;

wherein;

said remote nodes are divisible into a plurality of zones of said remote nodes, each of said zones including its own master node connected to at least one of the remote nodes within the zone, and

said node processor means further comprises means for inhibiting the repeating of received messages not originated by a master node in the corresponding zone.

15. The communication network of claim 14 wherein each master node further comprises:

means for broadcasting a changeover message instructing the remote nodes in another zone to respond to messages originated in the one zone.

16. The communication network of claim 14 further comprising gateway nodes connected to remote nodes in adjacent ones of said zones.

17. The communication network of claim 16 wherein said gateway nodes comprise gateway node processor means for repeating or responding to received messages originated in the adjacent zones.

18. The communication network of claim 17 wherein messages originated in adjacent zones travel along common paths shared by the adjacent zones.

19. The communication network of claim 14 wherein said node processor means further comprises means for permitting polling of remote nodes in one zone by a master node of another zone upon failure of a master node of said one zone to poll said remote nodes of said one zone within a predetermined time interval by overriding said means for inhibiting.

20. A communication network comprising:

a plurality of remote nodes, each of said remote nodes comprising node processor means for repeating received messages addressed to others of said nodes;

a plurality of links which connect said plural nodes in a network of said nodes;

means for transmitting a polling message addressed to at least plural ones of said remote nodes; and

wherein each of said remote nodes comprise poll-responsive means responsive upon receipt of said polling message for transmitting a poll-answering message and for relaying said polling message to others of said remote nodes;

wherein each remote node is connected to plural ones of said links, and wherein said poll-responsive means comprise;

means for sensing which one of said plural links connected to said node said polling message arrived on; and

means responsive to said means for sensing for transmitting said poll-answering message on the link on which said polling message arrived while simultaneously transmitting said polling message on another link to which said node is connected;

wherein said means responsive to said means for sensing transmits said polling message on all other links to which said node is connected;

wherein said poll-responsive means comprises means for responding to a polling message after receiving n polling messages and for refraining from responding to intervening polling messages, wherein n is an integer individually assigned to an individual node, whereby different nodes respond to polling messages at different rates.

21. The communication network of claim 20 wherein each of said node processor means further comprises distributed protocol means for terminating a message which has been received at the corresponding node more than once.

22. The communication network of claim 21 wherein said node processor means comprises:

means for originating a message comprising an information portion;

means for appending a unique identification number to said message;

stack memory means for storing the identification number of each received message; and

wherein said distributed protocol means comprises means for comparing the identification number of each received message with the identification numbers stored in the stack memory means so as to determine whether to repeat the received message.

23. A communication network comprising:

a plurality of remote nodes, each of said remote nodes comprising node processor means for repeating received messages addressed to others of said nodes;

a plurality of links which connect said plural nodes in a network of said nodes;

means for transmitting polling message addressed to at least plural ones of said remote nodes; and

wherein each of said remote nodes comprise poll-responsive means responsive upon receipt of said polling message for transmitting a poll-answering message and for relaying said polling message to others of said remote nodes;

wherein each remote node is connected to plural ones of said links, and wherein said poll-responsive means comprise;

means for sensing which one of said plural links connected to said node said polling message arrived on; and

means responsive to said means for sensing for transmitting said poll-answering message on the link on which said polling message arrived while simultaneously transmitting said polling message on another link to which said node is connected;

wherein said means responsive to said means for sensing transmits said polling message on all other links to which said node is connected; and

wherein each of said remote nodes further comprises;

means for sensing a poll-answering message received on one of said links from another one of said remote nodes; and

means responsive to said means for sensing a poll-answering message for transmitting said poll-answering message received from said other one of said remote nodes on all links to which said node is connected.

24. The communication network of claim 23 wherein said poll-responsive means comprises means for responding only to a particular class of polling messages.

25. The communication network of claim 24 wherein said class corresponds to contents of a predetermined portion of said polling message.

26. The communication network of claim 23 wherein:

said means for transmitting a polling message on said links comprises a master mode in said network, said master node being connected by respective ones of said links to at least one of said remote nodes;

said communication network is co-extensive with an electrical power distribution network, at least some of said remote nodes further comprising power distribution automation apparatus and said master node comprising power substation control unit.

27. The communication network of claim 26 wherein said distribution automation apparatus comprises at least one of:

sensing means for monitoring a parameter of said electrical power distribution network, and

regulation means for controlling apparatus in said power distribution network.

28. The communication network of claim 26 wherein said master node comprises automation processing means for executing a set of stored application program instructions to manage the distribution automation apparatus of corresponding remote nodes.

29. The communication network of claim 26 further comprising a set of secondary nodes connected to respective ones of said remote nodes by secondary links, wherein said link means connecting said remote nodes comprise fiber optic cables and said secondary links comprise relatively low bandwidth non-fiber optic links.

30. The communication network of claim 29 wherein said power distribution network comprises a high-voltage primary circuit and a plurality of low-voltage secondary circuits receiving power through step-down transformer means from said primary circuit, wherein said secondary nodes are co-located with respective ones of said secondary circuits, said secondary links comprising power line carrier means for coupling between said secondary nodes and said remote nodes through said primary and secondary circuits.

31. The communication network of claim 23 further comprising bypass means in each node for permitting received messages to bypass a node.

32. The communication network of claim 23 wherein said communication network is co-extensive with an electrical power distribution substation, at least some of said remote nodes further comprising apparatus within said electrical power distribution substation.

33. The communication network of claim 23 wherein said poll-responsive means comprises means for responding to a polling message after receiving n polling messages and for refraining from responding to intervening polling messages, wherein n is an integer individually assigned to an individual node, whereby different nodes respond to polling messages at different rates.

34. The communication network of claim 23 wherein each of said node processor means further comprises distributed protocol means for terminating a message which has been received at the corresponding node more than once.

35. The communication network of claim 34 wherein said node processor means comprises:

means for originating a message comprising an information portion;

means for appending a unique identification number to said message;

stack memory means for storing the identification number of each received message; and

wherein said distributed protocol means comprises means for comparing the identification number of each received message with the identification numbers stored in the stack memory means so as to determine whether to repeat the received message.

36. The communication network of claim 23 wherein said means for transmitting a polling message on said links comprises a master node in said network, said master node being connected by respective ones of said links to at least one of said remote nodes.

37. The communication network of claim 36 wherein:

said remote nodes are divisible into a plurality of zones of said remote nodes, each of said zones including its own master node connected to at least one of the remote nodes within the zone, and

said node processor means further comprises means for inhibiting the repeating of received messages not originated by a master node in the corresponding zone.

38. The communication network of claim 37 wherein each master node further comprises:

means for broadcasting a changeover message instructing the remote nodes in another zone to respond to messages originated in the one zone.

39. The communication network of claim 37 further comprising gateway nodes connected to remote nodes in adjacent ones of said zones.

40. The communication network of claim 39 wherein said gateway nodes comprise gateway node processor means for repeating or responding to received messages originated in the adjacent zones.

41. The communication network of claim 40 wherein messages originated in adjacent zones travel along common paths shared by the adjacent zones.

42. The communication network of claim 37 wherein said node processor means further comprises means for permitting polling of remote nodes in one zone by a master node of another zone upon failure of a master node of said one zone to poll said remote nodes of said one zone within a predetermined time interval by overriding said means for inhibiting.

43. A communication network comprising:

a plurality of remote nodes, each of said remote nodes comprising node processor means for repeating received messages addressed to others of said nodes;

a plurality of links which connect said plural nodes in a network of said nodes;

means for transmitting a polling message addressed to at least plural ones of said remote nodes; and

wherein each of said remote nodes comprise poll-responsive means responsive upon receipt of said polling message for transmitting a poll-answering message and for relaying said polling message to others of said remote nodes;

wherein each remote node is connected to plural ones of said links, and wherein said poll-responsive means comprise;

means for sensing which one of said plural links connected to said node said polling message arrived on; and

means responsive to said means for sensing for transmitting said poll-answering message on the link on which said polling message arrived while simultaneously transmitting said polling message on another link to which said node is connected;

wherein said means responsive to said means for sensing transmits said polling message on all other links to which said node is connected;

wherein said means for transmitting a polling message on said links comprises a master node in said network, said master node being connected by respective ones of said links to at least one of said remote nodes; and

wherein;

said remote nodes are divisible into a plurality of zones of said remote nodes, each of said zones including its own master node connected to at least one of the remote nodes within the zone, and

said node processor means further comprises means for inhibiting the repeating of received messages not originated by a master node in the corresponding zone.

44. The communication network of claim 43 wherein each master node further comprises:

means for broadcasting a changeover message instructing the remote nodes in another zone to respond to messages originated in the one zone.

45. The communication network of claim 43 further comprising gateway nodes connected to remote nodes in adjacent ones of said zones.

46. The communication network of claim 45 wherein said gateway nodes comprise gateway node processor means for repeating or responding to received messages originated in the adjacent zones.

47. The communication network of claim 46 wherein messages originated in adjacent zones travel along common paths shared by the adjacent zones.

48. The communication network of claim 43 wherein said node processor means further comprises means for permitting polling of remote nodes in one zone by a master node of another zone upon failure of a master node of said one zone to poll said remote nodes of said one zone within a predetermined time interval by overriding said means for inhibiting.