Method of tissue characterization by ultrasound

• US 5,417,215 A
• Filed: 02/04/1994
• Issued: 05/23/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 02/04/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hofstra University, Long Island Jewish Medical CTR
• Original Assignee: Hofstra University, Long Island Jewish Medical Center
• Inventors: Roth, Scott L., Hastings, Harold M., Evans, Steven J.
• Primary Examiner(s): JAWORSKI, FRANCIS J
• Application Number:
  US08/191,524
• Time in Patent Office: 473 Days
• Field of Search: 128/660.01, 128/660.06, 128/660.07, 128/661.02-661.09, 73/599, 73/602
• US Class Current: 600/442
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 8/08 Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings A61B8/02 - A61B8/06 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/58 Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems velocity measurement in imaging systems G01S15/8979
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52036 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation

Abstract

An ultrasound method and apparatus for classification of tissue in a region of interest in a body. The raw ultrasound return data is digitized and processed without the need for human visual analysis of pixel-scale video images. Tissue classification is done by correlation of the relative amount of energy in selected frequency bands of the power spectrum of the returned demodulated ultrasound data to that of known tissue samples.

Claims

1. A method for classifying tissue in a region of interest in a body comprising the steps of:

transmitting pulses of ultrasound energy into said body;

receiving pulses of returned ultrasound energy for said region of interest in said body;

digitizing said pulses of returned energy;

demodulating said pulses of returned energy by full-wave rectification to obtain the amplitude modulation in said digitized pulses of returned energy;

computing the power spectrum by performing a Fast Fourier Transform on said rectified digitized pulses of returned energy;

determining the Fourier energy in each of a plurality of selected Fourier frequency bands of the power spectrum of said digitized pulses;

selectively comparing the Fourier energies in said selected Fourier frequency bands to obtain at least one energy comparison; and

correlating said at least one energy comparison to at least one tissue classification.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said selectively comparing comprises obtaining ratios among energies in said selected frequency bands.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of storing said digitized pulses prior to said determining.

4. The method of claim 3 further comprising averaging said stored digitized pulses prior to said determining.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said selectively comparing comprises obtaining at least one numerical value representing said relative amount of energy.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising the steps of:

comparing said at least one numerical value to at least one table of known numerical classification values of normalized data; and

classifying tissue in said region of interest based upon said comparing.

7. Apparatus for classifying tissue in a region of interest comprising:

means for generating ultrasound pulses;

transducer means for applying said ultrasound pulses to said region of interest and receiving returned ultrasound pulses from said body;

means for digitizing said returned ultrasound pulses;

means for demodulating said returned ultrasound pulses by full-wave rectification to obtain the amplitude modulation in said digitized returned ultrasound pulses;

computing means for computing the power spectrum by Fast Fourier Transform on said rectified digitized pulses;

means adapted to determine the Fourier energy in each of a plurality of selected Fourier frequency bands in the power spectrum of said digitized returned ultrasound pulses;

means for selectively comparing Fourier energies for said selected Fourier frequency bands of said power spectrum and obtaining at least one energy comparison; and

correlating means for correlating said at least one energy comparison to at least one tissue classification.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said means for selectively comparing comprises means for obtaining ratios among energies in said selected frequency bands.

9. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising storage means connected for storage of said digitized pulses.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising averaging means for averaging said stored digitized pulses.

11. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said means for selectively comparing energy in each of a plurality of selected frequency bands comprises means for assigning at least one numerical value representing said relative amounts of energy.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprising table storage means and wherein said means for correlating comprises means for comparing said at least one numerical value representing said relative amounts of energy to at least one stored table of known numerical classification values from normalized data.

13. A method for classifying tissue in a region of interest in a body comprising the steps of:

transmitting pulses of ultrasound energy into said body;

receiving pulses of returned ultrasound energy for said region of interest in said body;

digitizing said pulses of returned energy;

demodulating said pulses of returned energy to obtain the amplitude modulation in said digitized pulses of returned energy;

computing the power spectrum by performing a Fast Fourier Transform on said demodulated digitized pulses of returned energy;

determining the Fourier energy in each of a plurality of selected Fourier frequency bands of the power spectrum of said digitized pulses;

selectively comparing the Fourier energies for said selected Fourier frequency bands to obtain at least one energy comparison; and

correlating said at least one energy comparison to at least one tissue classification.

14. Apparatus for classifying tissue in a region of interest comprising:

means for generating ultrasound pulses;

transducer means for applying said ultrasound pulses to said region of interest and receiving returned ultrasound pulses from said body;

means for digitizing said returned ultrasound pulses;

means for demodulating said returned ultrasound pulses to obtain the amplitude modulation in said digitized returned ultrasound pulses;

computing means for computing the power spectrum by Fast Fourier Transform on said modulated digitized pulses;

means adapted to determine the Fourier energy in each of a plurality of selected Fourier frequency bands in the power spectrum of said digitized returned ultrasound pulses;

means for selectively comparing Fourier energies for each of a plurality of selected Fourier frequency bands of said power spectrum and obtaining at least one energy comparison; and

correlating means for correlating said at least one energy comparison to at least one tissue classification.