Mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery

• US 5,418,080 A
• Filed: 07/01/1994
• Issued: 05/23/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 07/01/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Electric Fuel Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Electric Fuel Ltd.
• Inventors: Sassen, Jonathan, Korall, Menachem J., Goldstein, Jonathan R., Harats, Yehuda
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US08/269,846
• Time in Patent Office: 326 Days
• Field of Search: 429/27, 429/49, 429/17, 429/19, 429/34, 429/38, 429/39, 429/72, 429/131, 429/136, 429/144, 429/249
• US Class Current: 429/404
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/065 with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/024 Insertable electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/02 Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/417 Polyolefins
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/423 Polyamide resins
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/44 Fibrous material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/46 Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0273 with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery of the type having a plurality of metal-air cells, each of said cells comprising (a) a housing having a base, two major surfaces and two minor surfaces, defining an interior space for containing therein a replaceable metal electrode having an electrically conductive skeletal member encompassed by an active metal component, the interior space communicating with an opening opposite the base through which the replaceable metal electrode is selectively removed to enable the mechanical replacement thereof with a freshly charged metal electrode; (b) at least one generally planar, air permeable but liquid impermeable, air electrode, each of the electrodes being installed in a window-like opening provided in at least one of the major surfaces; and (c) an electrolyte in contact with the metal and air electrodes; the improvement comprising a first woven mesh separator attached to an inner, electrolyte-facing surface of each of the air electrodes and a second, woven mesh separator attached to and covering a major surface of the replaceable metal electrode facing each of the air electrodes, the first and second woven mesh separators being in sliding relationship to each other.

Claims

1. In a mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery having a plurality of metal-air cells, each of said cells comprising:

a) a housing having a base, two major surfaces and two minor surfaces, defining an interior space for containing therein a replaceable metal electrode having an electrically conductive skeletal member encompassed by an active metal component, said interior space communicating with an opening opposite said base through which said replaceable metal electrode is selectively removed to enable the mechanical replacement thereof with a freshly charged metal electrode;

b) at least one generally planar, air permeable but liquid impermeable, air electrode, each of said air electrodes being installed in a window-like opening provided in at least one of said major surfaces; and

c) an electrolyte in contact with the metal and air electrodes;

the improvement comprising a first woven mesh separator attached to an inner, electrolyte-facing surface of each of said at least one air electrodes and a second, woven mesh separator attached to and covering a major surface of said replaceable metal electrode facing each of said at least one air electrodes, said first and second woven mesh separators being in sliding relationship to each other.

2. A mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery according to claim 1, having a plurality of metal-air cells;

each of said cells comprising a pair of outer air electrodes, defining therebetween said interior space, wherein an inner, electrolyte-facing surface of each of said air electrodes is respectively covered with a permanently-attached, first, woven mesh separator and said replaceable metal electrode is covered on both of its major surfaces with a second, woven mesh separator, said first and second woven mesh separators being in sliding relationship to each other.

3. A mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery according to claim 2, wherein a single sheet of woven mesh material is used to cover and enclose both major surfaces of said metal electrode, forming a bag therearound.

4. A mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery according to claim 1, wherein said cell is a zinc-air battery cell and said active metal component comprises a power storage slurry containing active porous zinc particles saturated with an electrolyte solution and compacted under pressure to said skeletal member.

5. A mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery according to claim 1, wherein said second, woven mesh separator is characterized by a fine mesh in the range of about 200-500 mesh and an open surface of about 15-40%, and said first, woven mesh separator is characterized by a coarser mesh in the range of about 100-300 mesh and an open surface of about 20-50%.

6. A mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery according to claim 1, wherein both said first and said second woven mesh separators are made of a polymeric material including a long chain synthetic polymeric amide and polypropylene, and woven or expanded mesh.

7. A mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery according to claim 1, further comprising at least one fluid transfer conduit provided adjacent to an inner face of at least one of said minor surfaces of said housing, said conduit having an upper port in fluid communication with electrolyte in an upper volume of said housing interior space, and a lower port in fluid communication with a volume of said housing interior adjacent said housing base.

8. A mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery according to claim 7, wherein said fluid transfer conduit is a tube mounted adjacent said housing inner face.

9. A mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery according to claim 8, wherein said tube has an inner diameter of at least 4 mm.

10. A mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery according to claim 7, wherein said fluid transfer conduit is formed by a space left between an inner face of said minor surface of said housing and a minor surface of said replaceable metal electrode.

11. A mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery according to claim 10, wherein said space has a width of at least 2 mm.

12. A mechanically rechargeable, electrochemical metal-air battery according to claim 1, further comprising at least one fluid transfer conduit provided in said anode, said conduit having an inlet in fluid communication with electrolyte in an upper volume of said housing interior space, and an outlet in fluid communication with a volume of said housing interior adjacent to said housing base.