Unauthorized use prevention method for optical disks, optical disk having unauthorized use prevention function, and optical disk apparatus

• US 5,418,852 A
• Filed: 03/17/1993
• Issued: 05/23/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 03/18/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
• Original Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
• Inventors: Suzuki, Hiroshi, Nakahara, Masaru, Nakada, Masahiro, Itami, Satoshi, Utsumi, Kenichi, Nakashima, Kazuo, Naito, Kazunori, Narumi, Toshikatsu
• Primary Examiner(s): Barron, Jr., Gilberto
• Application Number:
  US08/032,481
• Time in Patent Office: 797 Days
• Field of Search: 380/4, 380/5, 360/60
• US Class Current: 705/57
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/10 Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material protection in video systems or pay television H04N7/16 ; Digital rights management [DRM]
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/80 in storage media based on magnetic or optical technology, e.g. disks with sectors preventing unauthorised reproduction or copying of disc-type recordable media G11B20/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2211/007 Encryption, En-/decode, En-/decipher, En-/decypher, Scramble, (De-)compress
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/0021 involving encryption or decryption of contents recorded on or reproduced from a record carrier
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00557 wherein further management data is encrypted, e.g. sector headers, TOC or the lead-in or lead-out areas
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00615 said format change concerning the logical format of the recording medium, e.g. the structure of sectors, blocks, or frames
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/0092 involving measures which are linked to media defects or read/write errors
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00927 wherein said defects or errors are generated on purpose, e.g. intended scratches
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00949 said intentional errors occurring due to bad sectors, which are either physically destroyed or which are declared defective in the defect management information
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2020/1259 with ROM/RAM areas
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 23/284 on the record carrier
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/0037 with discs

Abstract

In a method for preventing unauthorized use of a recording medium having a user accessible area and a user inaccessible area, first information is read from the user inaccessible area of the recording medium. The first information is compared with second information concerning a true recording medium (lawfully produced copy). It is then concluded that the recording medium is the true recording medium when the first information corresponds to the second information.

Claims

1. A method for preventing unauthorized use of a recording medium having a user accessible area and a user inaccessible area which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user the method comprising the steps of:

(a) reading first information from the user inaccessible area of the recording medium;

(b) comparing the first information with second information concerning a true recording medium; and

(c) concluding that the recording medium is the true recording medium when the first information matches the second information.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

the first information indicates a storage capacity of a rewritable area in the user accessible area; and

the second information indicates a storage capacity of the rewritable area of the true recording medium.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

the first information indicates a position of a dummy defective sector formed on the recording medium; and

the second information indicates a position of the dummy defective sector formed on the true recording medium.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the dummy defective sector is formed on a rewritable area in the user accessible area.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

the first information indicates a number of sectors in a data area in the user accessible area which also has a spare area; and

the second information indicates a number of sectors in the data area in the user accessible area of the true recording medium.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recording medium is an optical disk.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recording medium is a IC card.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second information is stored in an application program.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step (d) of executing the step (a) immediately after execution of an application program is started.

10. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step (d) of executing the step (a) when an application program needs data stored on the recording medium.

11. A method for preventing unauthorized use of a recording medium having a user accessible area and a user inaccessible area which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user the method comprising the steps of:

(a) reading first information from a storage portion of a read only area in the user inaccessible area, which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user, of the recording medium using a predetermined address;

(b) comparing the first information with second information designed to be stored in the storage portion of the read only area of a true recording medium specified by said predetermined address; and

(c) concluding that the recording medium is the true recording medium when the first information matches the second information.

12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the recording medium is an optical disk.

13. A method for preventing unauthorized use of a recording medium having a user accessible area and a user inaccessible area which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) generating a write instruction to record data in a storage area of the recording medium specified by a predetermined address indicating a read only area of a true recording medium;

(b) determining whether or not the data can be recorded on the recording medium; and

(c) concluding that the recording medium is the true recording medium when it is determined that the data cannot be recorded on the recording medium.

14. The method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising the step (d) of recording dummy data on the storage area of the recording medium specified by the predetermined address when it is determined that the data can be recorded on the recording medium.

15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the recording medium is an optical disk.

16. A method for preventing unauthorized use of a recording medium having a user accessible area and a user inaccessible area which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) reading predetermined information from a predetermined storage area of the recording medium, said predetermined information being necessary to read data from the user accessible area of the recording medium;

(b) determining whether or not the predetermined information has been read from the predetermined storage area; and

(c) concluding that the recording medium is a true recording medium when it is determined that the predetermined information has been read.

17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein said predetermined storage area is provided in the user inaccessible area.

18. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein said predetermined information indicates positions of files recorded on the user accessible area.

19. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein:

said predetermined information is scrambled information; and

the method further comprises the step (d) of descrambling the scrambled information.

20. The method as claimed in claim 17, wherein:

the user accessible area comprises data fields and error correction code fields, error correction codes necessary for correcting error in data stored in the data fields being stored in the error correction code fields;

one of the data fields and one of the error correction code fields are paired and adjacent to each other; and

the true recording medium comprises a hidden error correction code stored in a predetermined one of the error correction code fields, said hidden error correction code correcting said predetermined information;

the step (a) comprises the step (a-1) of reading one of the error correction codes from said predetermined one of the error correction code fields;

the step (b) comprises the step (b-1) of determining whether or not error in said predetermined information can be corrected by said one of the error correction codes read from said predetermined one of the error correction code fields; and

the step (c) comprises the step (c-1) of determining the recording medium is the true recording medium when it is determined that the error in said predetermined information can be corrected by said one of the error correction codes, in which said one of the error correction codes corresponds to said hidden error correction code.

21. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the recording medium is an optical disk.

22. An apparatus for preventing unauthorized use of a recording medium having a user accessible area and a user inaccessible area which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user, said apparatus;

comprising;

first means for reading first information from the user inaccessible area, which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user of the recording medium;

second means, coupled to the first means, for comparing the first information with second information concerning a true recording medium; and

third means, coupled to said first and second means, for concluding that the recording medium is the true recording medium when the first information matches the second information.

23. The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein:

the first information indicates a storage capacity of a rewritable area in the user accessible area; and

the second information indicates a storage capacity of the rewritable area of the true recording medium.

24. The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein:

the first information indicates a position of a dummy defective sector formed on the recording medium; and

the second information indicates a position of the dummy defective sector formed on the true recording medium.

25. The apparatus as claimed in claim 24, wherein the dummy defective sector is formed on a rewritable area in the user accessible area.

26. The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein:

the first information indicates a number of sectors in a data area in the user accessible area which also has a spare area; and

the second information indicates a number of sectors in the data area in the user accessible area of the true recording medium.

27. The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein the recording medium is an optical disk.

28. The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein the recording medium is a magneto-optical disk.

29. The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein the recording medium is an IC card.

30. The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein the second information is stored in an application program.

31. The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, further comprising fourth means for activating the first means immediately after execution of an application program is started.

32. The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, further comprising fourth means for activating the first means when an application program needs data stored on the recording medium.

33. An apparatus for preventing unauthorized use of a recording medium having a user accessible area and a user inaccessible area which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user, said apparatus comprising:

first means for reading first information from a storage portion of a read only area in the user accessible area of the recording medium using a predetermined address;

second means, coupled to said first means, for comparing the first information with second information designed to be stored in the storage portion of the read only area of a true recording medium specified by said predetermined address; and

third means, coupled to said first and second means, for concluding that the recording medium is the true recording medium when the first information matches the second information.

34. The apparatus as claimed in claim 33, wherein the recording medium is an optical disk.

35. An apparatus for preventing unauthorized use of a recording medium having a user accessible area and a user inaccessible area which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user, said apparatus comprising:

first means for generating a write instruction to record data in a storage area of the recording medium specified by a predetermined address indicating a read only area of a true recording medium;

second means, coupled to said first means, for determining whether or not the data can be recorded on the recording medium; and

third means, coupled to said first and second means, for concluding that the recording medium is the true recording medium when it is determined that the data cannot be recorded on the recording medium.

36. The apparatus as claimed in claim 35, further comprising fourth means for recording dummy data in the storage area of the recording medium specified by the predetermined address when it is determined that the data can be recorded on the recording medium.

37. The apparatus as claimed in claim 35, wherein the recording medium is an optical disk.

38. An apparatus for preventing unauthorized use of a recording medium having a user accessible area and a user inaccessible area which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user, said apparatus comprising:

first means for reading predetermined information from a predetermined storage area of the recording medium, said predetermined information being necessary to read data from the user accessible area of the recording medium;

second means, coupled to said first means, for determining whether or not the predetermined information has been read from the predetermined storage area; and

third means, coupled to said first and second means, for concluding that the recording medium is a true recording medium when it is determined that the predetermined information has been read.

39. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein said predetermined storage area is provided in the user inaccessible area.

40. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein said predetermined information indicates positions of files recorded on the user accessible area.

41. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein:

said predetermined information is scrambled information; and

the apparatus further comprises fourth means for descrambling the scrambled information.

42. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein:

the user accessible area comprises data fields and error correction code fields, error correction codes necessary for correcting error in data stored in the data fields being stored in the error correction code fields;

one of the data fields and one of the error correction code fields are paired and adjacent to each other; and

the true recording medium comprises a hidden error correction code stored in a predetermined one of the error correction code fields, said hidden error correction code correcting said predetermined information;

the first means comprises fourth means for reading one of the error correction codes from said predetermined one of the error correction code fields;

the second means comprises fifth means for determining whether or not error in said predetermined information can be corrected by said one of the error correction codes read from said predetermined one of the error correction code fields; and

the third means comprises sixth means for concluding that the recording medium is the true recording medium when it is determined that the error in said predetermined information can be corrected by said one of the error correction codes in which said one of the error correction codes corresponds to said hidden error correction code.

43. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the recording medium is an optical disk.

44. An optical disk comprising:

a user accessible area; and

a user inaccessible area which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user,

the user inaccessible area which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user, comprising first information to be read and compared with second information concerning a true recording medium in order to determine whether or not the recording medium is the true recording medium.

45. The optical disk as claimed in claim 44, wherein:

the first information indicates a storage capacity of a rewritable area in the user accessible area; and

the second information indicates a storage capacity of the rewritable area of the true recording medium.

46. The optical disk as claimed in claim 44, wherein:

the first information indicates a position of a dummy defective sector formed on the recording medium; and

the second information indicates a position of the dummy defective sector formed on the true recording medium.

47. The optical disk as claimed in claim 46, wherein the dummy defective sector is formed on a rewritable area in the user accessible area.

48. The optical disk as claimed in claim 44, wherein:

the first information indicates a number of sectors in a data area in the user accessible area which also has a spare area; and

the second information indicates a number of sectors in the data area in the user accessible area of the true recording medium.

49. An optical disk comprising:

a user accessible area; and

a user inaccessible area which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user,

the user accessible area comprising a storage portion of a read only area, said storage portion being specified by a predetermined address,

first information being stored in said storage area to be read and compared with second information designed to be stored in the storage portion of the read only area of a true recording medium in order to determine whether or not the recording medium is the true recording medium.

50. An optical disk comprising:

a user accessible area; and

a user inaccessible area which can be accessed in an operational mode unusable by said user,

predetermined information being stored in either the user accessible area or the user inaccessible area,

the predetermined information being necessary to read data from the user accessible area of the recording medium.

51. The optical disk as claimed in claim 50, wherein said predetermined information indicates positions of files recorded in the suer accessible area.

52. The optical disk as claimed in claim 50, wherein said predetermined information is scrambled information.

53. The optical disk as claimed in claim 50, wherein:

the user accessible area comprises data fields and error correction code fields, error correction codes necessary for correcting error in data stored in the data fields being stored in the error correction code fields;

one of the data fields and one of the error correction code fields are paired and adjacent to each other; and

the true recording medium comprises a hidden error correction code stored in a predetermined one of the error correction code fields, said hidden error correction code correcting said predetermined information,

one of the error correction codes being read from said predetermined one of the error correction code fields in order to determine whether or not error in said predetermined information can be corrected by said one of the error correction codes read from said predetermined one of the error correction code fields, so that it is concluded that the recording medium is the true recording medium when it is determined that the error in said predetermined information can be corrected by said one of the error correction codes in which said one of the error correction codes matches said hidden error correction code.