Wide dynamic range non-uniformity compensation for infrared focal plane arrays

• US 5,420,421 A
• Filed: 10/12/1994
• Issued: 05/30/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 12/07/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Lindgren, Gary M., Spagnolia, Joseph A., Kay, Anthony J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hannaher, Constantine
• Application Number:
  US08/322,116
• Time in Patent Office: 230 Days
• Field of Search: 250/252.1 A
• US Class Current: 250/252.1
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/53 Reference sources, e.g. standard lamps; Black bodies
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/20 for generating image signals from infrared radiation only
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/33 Transforming infrared radiation cameras or camera modules for generating image signals from infrared radiation H04N23/20; circuitry of SSIS for transforming infrared radiation into image signals H04N25/20

Abstract

A method and apparatus for non-uniformity compensation for infrared focal plane arrays in an infrared imaging device (10) including a calibration operation and a correction operation. The calibration operation measures the response (24) generated by the detector elements (14) in the focal plane array (16) to a wide range of known signal flux levels of infrared radiation (22) produced by a uniform black body under controlled conditions. The responses (24) are then stored as a digital video signal (27) in a look-up table memory (38). The correction operation achieves the near real-time compensation of a second response of the detector element (14) to the signal flux level of infrared radiation (22) produced by objects in the field of view surveyed by the imaging device (10) by comparing the second response to the stored digital video signals (27) and interpolates the second response to a corrected digital video output signal (31).

Claims

1. A method for non-uniformity compensation for an infrared imaging device having a plurality of detector elements arranged in a focal plane array, said method comprising a calibration operation and a correction operation,

said calibration operation comprising measuring a plurality of first responses that are generated by each of said plurality of detector elements to each of a plurality of known signal flux levels of infrared radiation over a wide range;

generating a corresponding data set of first responses for each of said plurality of detector elements in said focal plane array;

storing each said corresponding data set of first responses for each of said plurality of detector elements in a data storage location; and

transposing each of said plurality of known signal flux levels of infrared radiation to other values according to a predetermined relationship; and

said correction operation comprising measuring a second response that is generated by each of said plurality of detector elements in said focal plane array to at least one unknown signal flux level of infrared radiation that is produced by at least one object in a field of view;

comparing each said second response with each said corresponding data set of first responses for each of said plurality of detector elements in said focal plane array;

interpolating within each said corresponding data set of first responses for each of said plurality of detector elements in said focal plane array to determine a compensated output corresponding to said unknown signal flux level of infrared radiation detected by each of said plurality of detector elements in said focal plane array.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said wide range of known signal flux levels of infrared radiation comprises at least sixteen different signal flux levels of infrared radiation.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said interpolating is achieved by mathematical linear interpolation.

4. A method for non-uniformity compensation for the focal plane array of an infrared imaging device comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a plurality of detector elements arranged in a focal plane array;

(b) causing said plurality of detector elements in said focal plane array to detect a known signal flux level of infrared radiation being produced by a uniform black body in a controlled environment;

(c) measuring a first response to said known signal flux level of infrared radiation that is generated by a detector element in said focal plane array over a predetermined time period;

(d) storing said first response in a first data storage location;

(e) repeating steps (c) and (d) for a plurality of said time periods for creating a plurality of stored first responses;

(f) averaging said plurality of stored first responses for creating a response average;

(g) storing said response average in a second data storage location;

(h) repeating steps (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g) for each of said plurality of detector elements in said focal plane array;

(i) transposing said known signal flux level of infrared radiation to another value according to a predetermined relationship;

(j) repeating steps (h) and (i) for a plurality of known signal flux levels of infrared radiation over a wide range for creating a corresponding data set of response averages for each of said plurality of detector elements in said focal plane array;

(k) causing said plurality of detector elements in said focal plane array to detect at least one unknown signal flux level of infrared radiation being produced by at least one object in a field of view in real-time;

(l) measuring a second response to said unknown signal flux level of infrared radiation that is generated by a detector element in said focal plane array;

(m) comparing said second response with said corresponding data set of response averages for said detector element;

(n) interpolating within said corresponding data set of response averages to determine a compensated output corresponding to said unknown signal flux level of infrared radiation; and

(o) repeating steps (l), (m) and (n) for each of said plurality of detector elements in said focal plane array.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein said plurality of time periods of step (e) is at least sixteen.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein said plurality of known signal flux levels of infrared radiation over a wide range of step (i) includes at least sixteen different signal flux levels of infrared radiation.

7. The method of claim 4 wherein step (m) is comprising mathematical linear interpolation.