Thermoplastic closed loop recycling process

• US 5,424,013 A
• Filed: 08/09/1993
• Issued: 06/13/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 08/09/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: American Commodities, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Mark Lieberman
• Inventors: Lieberman, Mark
• Primary Examiner(s): Vargot, Mathieu D.
• Application Number:
  US08/103,298
• Time in Patent Office: 673 Days
• Field of Search: 264/37, 264/349, 264/211.23, 264/DIG. 69, 264/40.1, 264/211, 264/101, 264/102, 425/DIG. 46
• US Class Current: 264/40.1
• CPC Class Codes: B29B 17/0026 by agglomeration or compacting
• CPC Class Codes: B29B 17/02 Separating plastics from other materials
• CPC Class Codes: B29B 7/483 the other mixing parts being discs perpendicular to the screw axis
• CPC Class Codes: B29B 7/7495 for mixing rubber
• CPC Class Codes: B29B 7/845 Venting, degassing or removing evaporated components in devices with rotary stirrers
• CPC Class Codes: B29B 7/86 for working at sub- or superatmospheric pressure B01F33/70 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/40 using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/405 Intermeshing co-rotating screws
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/535 with thread pitch varying along the longitudinal axis
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/55 having reverse-feeding elements
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/57 provided with kneading disc-like elements, e.g. with oval-shaped elements
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/766 in screw extruders
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2033/12 Polymers of methacrylic acid esters, e.g. PMMA, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2055/02 ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2067/006 PBT, i.e. polybutylene terephthalate
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2069/00 Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/0088 Blends of polymers
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2009/005 coated
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2031/30 Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof vanes or blades B29L2031/08, air bags B29L2022/027
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2031/3044 Bumpers
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2031/7472 : Lampshades
• CPC Class Codes: Y02W 30/62 : Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 264/911 : Recycling consumer used articles or products
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 264/92 : by extruding material recycled from consumer used article or product
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 425/046 : Scrap

Abstract

A closed loop thermoplastic recycling process includes the step of testing particulated processed plastic material to determine the properties thereof. The tested properties are compared with targeted near virgin properties of the processed plastic material to determine any difference(s) therebetween. Additives based on the property differences determined during testing are admixed with the particulates in a twin screw extruder. During extruding, volatile constituents are simultaneously withdrawn from the fused particulates. The twin screws of the extruder are provided with a number of screw sections, each having a thread with predetermined degrees of chamfer and pitch length. Kneading blocks are mounted on certain screw sections prior to a vacuum vent port disposed along the feed path of the melt stream in the extruder. The extruded material is tested to determine if any property differences exist. If no unacceptable tested differences are found, the extruded material is prepared for reuse in place of or in conjunction with virgin plastic material having the same properties and characteristics.

Claims

1. A process for recycling preprocessed plastic material for re-use as virgin material comprising the steps of:

particulating recycled preprocessed plastic material having a known composition to form particulates thereof;

testing the particulates to determine at least one property thereof;

comparing the at least one tested property with a like property of like, near virgin plastic material to determine a property difference therebetween;

after testing, introducing the particulates into a twin screw extruder;

admixing additives to the particulates based on the property difference determined during testing which will substantially eliminate the tested property difference between the particulates and the like property of like near virgin plastic material; and

extruding the particulates and additives to prepare a plastic material for re-use as virgin plastic material.

2. The process of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

after the particulates have passed through the extruder as extruded material, testing the extruded material to determine any difference in the at least one property of the extruded material from the like property of like, near virgin plastic material; and

if any property difference is determined, repeating the steps of particulating, introducing the particulates into a twin screw extruder and admixing additives until the at least one tested property of the extruded plastic material is substantially equal to the like property of like near virgin plastic material.

3. The process of claim 1 wherein the step of admixing further comprises the step of:

admixing additives at the feed end of the extruder.

4. The process of claim 1 wherein the step of admixing further comprises the step of:

admixing additives in separate steps at spaced locations along the length of the extruder.

5. The process of claim 1 further comprising a step of:

removing volatile constituents under vacuum at at least one location along the length of the extruder.

6. The process of claim 5 further comprising the step of providing kneading blocks on each screw of the extruder immediately adjacent to a vacuum port disposed along the length of the extruder.

7. The process of claim 1 further comprising the step of:

selecting additives for admixing with the particulates from the group consisting of antioxidants, heat stabilizers, antistatic agents, lubricants, plasticizers, UV stabilizers, nucleating agents, and coupling agents.

8. The process of claim 1 wherein the step of extruding further comprises the steps of:

forming a plurality of axially aligned shaft sections on each of the twin screws of the extruder, each shaft section having a thread with a pitch formed thereon; and

providing kneading blocks at spaced locations along each screw of the extruder.

9. The process of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

removing volatile constituents under vacuum at at least one location along the length of the extruder; and

adding water in predetermined quantities into the extruder immediately before the location where the volatiles are removed from the extruder.

10. The process of claim 9 wherein water is added at levels between 0.2 and 5% by weight of the total polymeric stream.

11. The process of claim 1 further including the step of:

during extruding, simultaneously withdrawing volatile constituents from the particulates.

12. The process of claim 1 further comprising the step of:

selecting additives for admixing with the particulates from the group consisting of antimony oxide, block copolymer rubber, maleic anhydride, organic peroxides, calcium carbonates, dolomite, silicates, fiber glass, mica, wollastonite, silica, barium sulfate, carbon, graphite, and methylmethacrylate-butadine-styrene polymer.

13. The process of claim 1 wherein the step of testing comprises:

testing the particulates to determine at least one of viscosity, elasticity, tensile yield strength, tensile break strength, stiffness, durometer, visual surface appearance, impact resistance, linear mold shrinkage, density, tensile modulus, compressive strength, linear thermal expansion, volume resistivity, surface resistivity, dielectric strength, dielectric constant, and water absorption.

14. The process of claim 1 further comprising the step of selecting additives for admixing with the particulates which are different from the constituents of the particulate plastic material.

15. The process of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

first melting the particulated, recycled, preprocessed plastic material with a paint coat in a low shear extruder without a high shear field so as not to excessively disperse paint on the particulated material; and

then capturing segments of intact paint film at an outlet of the extruder before the step of testing the particulates to determine at least one property thereof.

16. The process of claim 15 further comprising the step of:

removing volatile constituents under vacuum at at least one location along the length of the extruder; and

adding water in predetermined quantities into the extruder immediately before the location where the volatiles are removed from the extruder.