Cathode composition and method of making same

• US 5,424,151 A
• Filed: 06/14/1994
• Issued: 06/13/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 08/04/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Valence Technology Incorporated (Lithium Werks B.V.)
• Original Assignee: Valence Technology Incorporated (Lithium Werks B.V.)
• Inventors: Olsen, Ib I., Koksbang, Rene
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US08/259,392
• Time in Patent Office: 364 Days
• Field of Search: 429/212, 429/213, 429/192, 429/194, 429/218, 204/421
• US Class Current: 429/213
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/04 Processes of manufacture in general
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49115 including coating or impregnating

Abstract

In accordance with the invention, a new cathode composition is prepared in a preferred method, in situ, in a cell whereby such in situ formation results in enhanced contact between the cathode composition and the current collector and between the electrolyte layer and the cathode composition.

The new cathode composition of the invention comprises first and second polymeric materials, the first being radiation cured and ionically conductive and the second being electrochemically cured and electrically conductive. Preferably, the first is radiation cured before the second is electrochemically cured. The second polymeric material is cured in an electrochemical cell which comprises an alkali metal-containing anode layer. The cell desirably contains an electrolyte which consists of a solid ionically conductive polymeric material.

Claims

1. An electrochemical cell comprising an anode (negative electrode);

a cathode (positive electrode); and

an electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, the improvement wherein the cathode comprises two polymeric materials, one being an ionically conductive polymer and the other one being an electrically conductive polymer having single and double bonds alternating along a main polymer chain.

11. The cell according to claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenylene and derivatives and mixtures thereof.

12. The cell according to claim 1 wherein the ionically conductive polymer has ethene-based repeat units, each unit containing at least one heteroatom.

13. The cell according to claim 12 wherein the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen.

2. An electrochemical cell comprising

a) an anode (negative electrode) comprising lithium;

b) an electrolyte layer comprising a lithium salt and an ionically conductive polymer;

c) a cathode (positive electrode) having a composition comprising first and second polymeric materials, the first being an electrically conductive polymer having single and double bonds alternating along a main polymer chain and the second being an ionically conductive polymer having ethene-based repeat units.

3. The cell according to claim 2 wherein the first material is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenylene and derivatives and mixtures thereof.

4. The cell according to claim 2 wherein the ethene-based repeat units contain at least one heteroatom.

5. The cell according to claim 4 wherein the second material is represented as polymers having the repeating unit ##STR5## wherein R is hydrogen or a group Ra, --CH₂ ORa, --CH₂ OReRa, --CH₂ N(CH₃)₂, in which Ra is an alkyl group containing 1 to 16 carbon atoms and preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and Re is an ether group of formula --CH₂ --CH₂ Op-- wherein p is a number from 1 to 100 g, preferably 1 or 2:

or having the repeating unit ##STR6## wherein R'"'"' is Ra or ReRa, as defined above;

or having a repeating unit ##STR7## wherein Re and Ra are as defined above and copolymers of the above polymers.

6. The cell according to claim 2 wherein the anode consists essentially of a metal foil coated with one of lithium, a lithium alloy and a compound containing lithium.

7. The cell according to claim 2 wherein the cathode comprises an electrically conductive substrate and the cathode composition carried on such substrate.

8. The cell according to claim 2 wherein the second material is represented as polymers having the repeating unit of any of the following formulae (I)-(III) below:

##STR8## where n is about 3 to 50 and R is hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl group, which are terminated moieties represented by A.

9. The cell according to claim 8 wherein the moieties represented by A are ethylenically unsaturated moieties or glycidyl moieties.

10. The cell according to claim 4 wherein the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen.