Digital signal video color compression method and apparatus

• US 5,424,755 A
• Filed: 06/25/1992
• Issued: 06/13/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 06/25/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: MacInnis, Alexander G., Lucas, Bruce D., Yosim, Paul S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Oberley, Alvin E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HARVEY, MINSUN OH
• Application Number:
  US07/904,097
• Time in Patent Office: 1,083 Days
• Field of Search: 340/703, 340/793, 358/455, 358/456, 358/457, 358/458, 358/459, 358/75, 358/80, 358/518, 358/520, 345/155, 345/153, 345/186, 348/61
• US Class Current: 345/605
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/2051 with use of a spatial dither pattern
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/02 characterised by the way in which colour is displayed details of colour display specific for CRTs G09G1/28; specific for flat matrix panels other than liquid crystal displays G09G3/2003; specific for liquid crystal displays G09G3/3607
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/648 Transmitting or storing the primary (additive or subtractive) colour signals; Compression thereof H04N1/642 - H04N1/646 take precedence

Abstract

This invention provides a method of and apparatus for compressing digital video color signals derived from a natural image and generating display signals for a color image composed of pixels derived from the compressed signals in which digital color signals representative of color depth intensities of three colors for each pixel to be displayed, each color signal having at least four bits representing the color intensity of a corresponding color for a corresponding pixel and arranged from most to least significant bits, are received; a digital dither signal for each pixel to be displayed is generated; a selected number of the most significant bits of each received color signal are summed with the corresponding generated dither signal; a selected number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals are discarded to compress the corresponding received color signal; the compressed color signals related to a common pixel are concatenated to generate a digital output signal having a predetermined bit length less than the summed bit lengths of the received digital color signals and representative of the depth intensities of three colors for the common pixel; and analog display driver signals representative of the color intensities of pixels to be displayed are generated by selecting from a color lookup table stored in a digital to analog converter analog signals corresponding to the stored output signals.

Claims

1. A method of compressing digital video color signals derived from a natural image and generating display signals for a color image composed of pixels derived from the compressed signals comprising the steps of:

receiving digital color signals representative of color depth intensities of three colors for each pixel to be displayed, each color signal having at least four bits representing the color intensity of a corresponding color for a corresponding pixel and arranged from most to least significant bits,

generating a digital dither signal for each pixel to be displayed,

summing a selected number of the most significant bits of each received color signal with the corresponding generated dither signal,

discarding a selected number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals to compress the corresponding received color signal,

stringing together the compressed color signals related to a common pixel to be displayed and generating a digital output signal having a predetermined bit length less than the summed bit lengths of the received digital color signals and representative of the depth intensities of three colors for the common pixel,

storing generated digital output signals, and

generating analog display driver signals representative of the color intensities of pixels to be displayed by selecting from a color lookup table stored in a digital to analog converter analog signals corresponding to the stored output signals.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of generating a digital dither signal comprises the steps of:

forming a least significant bit of a digital dither signal by toggling between first and second values for successive scan lines to be displayed, and

forming a most significant bit of a digital dither signal by toggling between third and fourth values for successive pixels to be displayed and then combining the toggled third and fourth value with the toggled first and second value by exclusive-OR selection.

3. A method according to claim 2 wherein said step of receiving digital color signals representative of color depth intensities of three colors for each pixel to be displayed comprises receiving color signals in RGB24 format.

4. A method according to claim 3 wherein said step of generating a digital dither signal for each pixel to be displayed comprises generating a two bit dither signal and further wherein said step of summing a selected number of the most significant bits of each received color signal with the corresponding generated dither signal comprises summing the n+2 most significant bits of the received color signal with the generated two bit dither signal and where n equals the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

5. A method according to claim 4 wherein said step of discarding a selected number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals to compress the corresponding received color signal comprises discarding such number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals as is necessary to reduce the number of bits remaining to n where n equals the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

6. A method according to claim 5 wherein n equals 3 for red and green color signals and where n equals 2 for blue color signals.

7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of generating a digital dither signal comprises the steps of:

forming a most significant bit of a digital dither signal by toggling between first and second values for successive scan lines to be displayed, and

forming a least significant bit of a digital dither signal by toggling between third and fourth values for successive pixels to be displayed and then combining the toggled third and fourth value with the toggled first and second value by exclusive-OR selection.

8. A method according to claim 7 wherein said step of receiving digital color signals representative of color depth intensities of three colors for each pixel to be displayed comprises receiving color signals in RGB24 format.

9. A method according to claim 8 wherein said step of generating a digital dither signal for each pixel to be displayed comprises generating a two bit dither signal and further wherein said step of summing a selected number of the most significant bits of each received color signal with the corresponding generated dither signal comprises summing the n+2 most significant bits of the received color signal with the generated two bit dither signal and where n equals the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

10. A method according to claim 9 wherein said step of discarding a selected number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals to compress the corresponding received color signal comprises discarding such number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals as is necessary to reduce the number of bits remaining to n where n equals the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

11. A method according to claim 10 wherein n equals 3 for red and green color signals and where n equals 2 for blue color signals.

12. A method according to claim 1 further comprising the steps of determining the presence and absence of a zero condition for the bits associated with one color to be displayed, responding to the presence of a zero condition by adding to the output signal a constant value, and responding to the absence of a zero condition by subtracting from the output signal a constant value.

13. A method according to claim 12 wherein said step of generating a digital dither signal for each pixel to be displayed comprises generating a two bit dither signal and further wherein said step of summing a selected number of the most significant bits of each received color signal with the corresponding generated dither signal comprises summing the n+2 most significant bits of the received color signal with the generated two bit dither signal and where n equals the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

14. A method according to claim 13 wherein said step of discarding a selected number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals to compress the corresponding received color signal comprises discarding such number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals as is necessary to reduce the number of bits remaining to n where n equals the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

15. A method according to claim 14 wherein n equals 3 for red and green color signals and wherein n equals 2 for blue color signals.

16. A method according to claim 15 wherein the constant value to be added to and subtracted from the output signal is the same for addition and subtraction and excludes from availability for display in response to the output signals a portion of the palette of colors specified in a color lookup table stored in a digital to analog converter, the excluded palette being reserved for use as fixed system colors.

40. A compressed digital video color signal stored in a storage memory device of a personal computer system and representing a natural image video signal compressed in color depth intensity, the video color signal comprising digital pixel data blocks for each of a plurality of pixels to be displayed by an analog driven display, each pixel data block having a predetermined number of bits of data less than the number of bits of data necessary to digitize a corresponding pixel of the natural image video signal with full color depth intensity, the pixel data blocks having been formed in accordance with the method of claim 1.

42. A digital storage device bearing a compressed digital video color signal representing a natural image video signal compressed in color depth intensity, the storage device comprising:

a digital signal storage memory device; and

a compressed digital video color signal comprising digital pixel data blocks for each of a plurality of pixels to be displayed by an analog driven display, each pixel data block having a predetermined number of bits of data less than the number of bits of data necessary to digitize a corresponding pixel of the natural image video signal with full color depth intensity, the pixel data blocks having been formed in accordance with the method of claim 1.

17. A video subsystem for a personal computer capable of driving a display to present a compressed digital video color signal derived from a natural image and comprising:

a digital video processor for receiving digital color signals representative of color depth intensities of three colors for each pixel to be displayed, each color signal having at least four bits representing the color intensity of a corresponding color for a corresponding pixel and arranged from most to least significant bits, said digital video processor (a) generating a digital dither signal for each pixel to be displayed, (b) summing a selected number of the most significant bits of each received color signal with a corresponding generated dither signal, (c) discarding a selected number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals to compress the corresponding received color signal, (d) stringing together the compressed color signals related to a common pixel to be displayed, and (e) generating a digital output signal having a predetermined bit length less than the summed bit lengths of the received digital color signals and representative of the depth intensities of three colors for the common pixel,

video memory operatively connected with said digital video processor for storing output signals generated by said digital video processor, and

a digital to analog converter operatively connected with said video memory and having a register storing a color lookup table of analog signal values to correspond with digital signal values.

18. A video subsystem according to claim 17 wherein said video signal processor in generating a digital dither signal (f) forms a least significant bit of a digital dither signal by toggling between first and second values for successive scan lines to be displayed, and (g) forms a most significant bit of a digital dither signal by toggling between third and fourth values for successive pixels to be displayed and then combining the toggled third and fourth value with the toggled first and second value by exclusive-OR selection.

19. A video subsystem according claim 18 wherein said video signal processor receives color signals in RGB24 format.

20. A video subsystem according to claim 19 wherein said video signal processor generates a two bit dither signal and sums the n+2 most significant bits of the received color signal with the generated two bit dither signal, with n equal to the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

21. A video subsystem according to claim 20 wherein said video subsystem discards such number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals as is necessary to reduce the number of bits remaining to n where n equals the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

22. A video subsystem according to claim 21 wherein n equals 3 for red and green color signals and where n equals 2 for blue color signals.

23. A video subsystem according to claim 17 wherein said video processor further (h) determines the presence and absence of a zero condition for the bits associated with one color to be displayed, (i) responds to the presence of a zero condition by adding to the output signal a constant value, and (j) responds to the absence of a zero condition by subtracting from the output signal a constant value.

24. A video subsystem according to claim 23 wherein said video processor generates a two bit dither signal and sums the n+2 most significant bits of the received color signal with the generated two bit dither signal, with n equal to the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

25. A video subsystem according to claim 24 wherein said video processor discards such number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals as is necessary to reduce the number of bits remaining to n where n equals the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

26. A video subsystem according to claim 25 wherein n equals 3 for red and green color signals and wherein n equals 2 for blue color signals.

27. A video subsystem according to claim. 26 wherein said video processor adds to and subtracts from the output signal a constant value which is the same for addition and subtraction and excludes from availability for display in response to the output signals a portion of the palette of colors specified in said color lookup table stored in said register of said digital to analog converter, the excluded palette being reserved for use as fixed system colors.

28. A personal computer system capable of displaying an image derived from a digital video color signal which is in turn derived from a natural image, the system comprising:

a housing,

a planar board mounted within said housing,

a microprocessor mounted on said planar board,

a natural image video reception port operatively connected with said planar board for reception of video signals derived from natural images,

a video subsystem operatively connected with said port and with planar board and comprising;

a digital video processor for receiving digital color signals representative of color depth intensities of three colors for each pixel to be displayed, each color signal having at least four bits representing the color intensity of a corresponding color for a corresponding pixel and arranged from most to least significant bits, said digital video processor (a) generating a digital dither signal for each pixel to be displayed, (b) summing a selected number of the most significant bits of each received color signal with a corresponding generated dither signal, (c) discarding a selected number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals to compress the corresponding received color signal, (d) stringing together the compressed color signals related to a common pixel to be displayed, and (e) generating a digital output signal having a predetermined bit length less than the summed bit lengths of the received digital color signals and representative of the depth intensities of three colors for the common pixel,

video memory operatively connected with said digital video processor for storing output signals generated by said digital video processor, and

a digital to analog converter operatively connected with said video memory and having a register storing a color lookup table of analog signal values to correspond with digital signal values, and

a display operatively connected with said video subsystem.

29. A personal computer system according to claim 28 wherein said video signal processor in generating a digital dither signal (f) forms a least significant bit of a digital dither signal by toggling between first and second values for successive scan lines to be displayed, and (g) forms a most significant bit of a digital dither signal by toggling between third and fourth values for successive pixels to be displayed and then combining the toggled third and fourth value with the toggled first and second value by exclusive-OR selection.

30. A personal computer system according claim 29 wherein said video signal processor receives color signals in RGB24 format.

31. A personal computer system according to claim 30 wherein said video signal processor generates a two bit dither signal and sums the n+2 most significant bits of the received color signal with the generated two bit dither signal, with n equal to the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

32. A personal computer system according to claim 31 wherein said video subsystem discards such number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals as is necessary to reduce the number of bits remaining to n where n equals the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

33. A personal computer system according to claim 32 wherein n equals 3 for red and green color signals and where n equals 2 for blue color signals.

34. A personal computer system according to claim 28 wherein said video processor further (h) determines the presence and absence of a zero condition for the bits associated with one color to be displayed, (i) responds to the presence of a zero condition by adding to the output signal a constant value, and (j) responds to the absence of a zero condition by subtracting from the output signal a constant value.

35. A personal computer system according to claim 34 wherein said video processor generates a two bit dither signal and sums the n+2 most significant bits of the received color signal with the generated two bit dither signal, with n equal to the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

36. A personal computer system according to claim 35 wherein said video processor discards such number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals as is necessary to reduce the number of bits remaining to n where n equals the target number of bits to which the compressed color signal is to be limited.

37. A personal computer system according to claim 36 wherein n equals 3 for red and green color signals and wherein n equals 2 for blue color signals.

38. A personal computer system according to claim 37 wherein said video processor adds to and subtracts from the output signal a constant value which is the same for addition and subtraction and excludes from availability for display in response to the output signals a portion of the palette of colors specified in said color lookup table stored in said register of said digital to analog converter, the excluded palette being reserved for use as fixed system colors.

39. A compressed digital video color signal stored in a storage memory device of a personal computer system and representing a natural image video signal compressed in color depth intensity, the video color signal comprising digital pixel data blocks for each of a plurality of pixels to be displayed by an analog driven display, each pixel data block having a predetermined number of bits of data less than the number of bits of data necessary to digitize a corresponding pixel of the natural image video signal with full color depth intensity, the pixel data blocks having been formed by receiving digital color signals representative of color depth intensities of three colors for each pixel to be displayed, each color signal having at least four bits representing the color intensity of a corresponding color for a corresponding pixel and arranged from most to least significant bits, generating a digital dither signal for each pixel to be displayed, summing a selected number of the most significant bits of each received color signal with the corresponding generated dither signal, discarding a selected number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals to compress the corresponding received color signal, stringing together the compressed color signals related to a common pixel to be displayed and generating a digital output signal having a predetermined bit length less than the summed bit lengths of the received digital color signals and representative of the depth intensities of three colors for the common pixel, storing generated digital output signals, generating analog display driver signals representative of the color intensities of pixels to be displayed by selecting from a color lookup table stored in a digital to analog converter analog signals corresponding to the stored output signals.

41. A digital storage device bearing a compressed digital video color signal representing a natural image video signal compressed in color depth intensity, the storage device comprising:

a digital signal storage memory device; and

a compressed digital video color signal comprising digital pixel data blocks for each of a plurality of pixels to be displayed by an analog driven display, each pixel data block having a predetermined number of bits of data less than the number of bits of data necessary to digitize a corresponding pixel of the natural image video signal with full color depth intensity, the pixel data blocks having been formed by receiving digital color signals representative of color depth intensities of three colors for each pixel to be displayed, each color signal having at least four bits representing the color intensity of a corresponding color for a corresponding pixel and arranged from most to least significant bits, generating a digital dither signal for each pixel to be displayed, summing a selected number of the most significant bits of each received color signal with the corresponding generated dither signal, discarding a selected number of the least significant bits of the summed color and dither signals to compress the corresponding received color signal, stringing together the compressed color signals related to a common pixel to be displayed and generating a digital output signal having a predetermined bit length less than the summed bit lengths of the received digital color signals and representative of the depth intensities of three colors for the common pixel, storing generated digital output signals, generating analog display driver signals representative of the color intensities of pixels to be displayed by selecting from a color lookup table stored in a digital to analog converter analog signals corresponding to the stored output signals.