Multiple adaptive filter active noise canceller

• US 5,425,105 A
• Filed: 04/27/1993
• Issued: 06/13/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 04/27/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: OL Security LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Lo, Allen K., Feintuch, Paul L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Isen, Forester W.
• Application Number:
  US08/053,728
• Time in Patent Office: 777 Days
• Field of Search: 381/71
• US Class Current: 381/71.8
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17854 the filter being an adaptive filter
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17879 using both a reference signal and an error signal
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17881 the reference signal being an acoustic signal, e.g. recorded with a microphone
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17885 additionally using a desired external signal, e.g. pass-through audio such as music or speech
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/108 Communication systems, e.g. where useful sound is kept and noise is cancelled
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/1081 Earphones, e.g. for telephones, ear protectors or headsets
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3025 Determination of spectrum characteristics, e.g. FFT
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3028 Filtering, e.g. Kalman filters or special analogue or digital filters
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3042 Parallel processing
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3045 Multiple acoustic inputs, single acoustic output
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/503 Diagnostics; Stability; Alarms; Failsafe
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/512 Wide band, e.g. non-recurring signals

Abstract

An active adaptive noise canceller that does not require a training mode and operates over an extended noise bandwidth. The canceller partitions the noise bandwidth into frequency sub-bands, and multiple adaptive filter channels are employed, one for each sub-band, to cancel noise energy in the respective sub-bands. Each channel includes bandpass filters to restrict the channel to operation over only the particular sub-band, and delays are inserted in the operation of the filter weight updating. Because each channel is stable over its sub-band, the canceller operates over the extended noise bandwidth of all the sub-bands.

Claims

1. An active noise canceller system for suppressing noise over a predetermined noise bandwidth, comprising:

a noise sensor for generating a noise sensor signal indicative of said noise to be suppressed;

an error sensor for generating an error signal;

an acoustic output device for generating a cancelling acoustic signal;

a plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said error signal, each channel restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation over said entire frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each adaptive filter channel comprising delay means for delaying signals used in said filter weight updating by a predetermined fixed delay interval dependent on said particular frequency sub-band so as to make said entire sub-band a frequency stability region of operation of said particular adaptive filter channel, each channel producing a channel output signal for suppressing noise spectral components throughout said entire frequency sub-band, each channel further comprising bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signal and said error signal so as to pass only signal frequency components within respective frequency sub-band for said channel, thereby restricting said channel to operation over said frequency sub-band, and delay means for providing a delayed version of said noise sensor signal delayed by a predetermined delay, adaptive filter weight update logic means responsive to said delayed version of said noise sensor signal for updating adaptive filter weight inputs to adaptive filter means comprising said channel, and wherein the respective delay values for the respective channels are different delay values; and

means for combining said plurality of channel output signals to provide a combined signal for driving said acoustic output device to generate said cancelling acoustic signal.

2. The canceller of claim 1 wherein each said channel comprises recursive adaptive filter means.

3. The canceller of claim 1 wherein said frequency sub-bands cover said noise bandwidth.

36. The system of claim 1 wherein said adaptive filter channels each employ an adaptive least means square algorithm to minimize said error signal without requiring a system training mode to learn transfer functions of said noise and error sensors and said acoustic output device.

4. An active adaptive noise canceller for suppressing noise signals from a noise source, said canceller comprising:

a noise sensor for generating noise sensor signals representative of said noise signals;

an acoustic sensor;

an acoustic output device;

a first cancellation channel coupled to said noise sensor and said acoustic sensor, said first channel comprising a first bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signals, said first filter having a first pass band, a second bandpass filter means for filtering signals generated by said acoustic sensor, said second filter having said first pass band, a first delay means for delaying said first bandpass filtered noise sensor signals by a preselected first time delay, and first adaptive filter means having a plurality of inputs coupled to said first and second bandpass filter means and said first delay means, and providing a first filter output;

a second cancellation channel coupled to said noise sensor and said acoustic sensor, said second channel comprising a third bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signals, said third filter having a second pass band, fourth bandpass filter means for filtering said acoustic sensor signals, said fourth filter having said second pass band, second delay means for delaying said third bandpass filtered noise sensor signals by a preselected second time delay, wherein said first time delay does not equal said second time delay, and second adaptive filter means having a plurality of inputs coupled to said second bandpass filter means, said acoustic sensor and said second delay means, and providing a second filter output; and

means for combining said first and second filter outputs to provide a combined output signal, said combined output signal coupled to said acoustic output device,

wherein said canceller operates to cancel noise signals emitted by said noise source within said first and second pass bands without a training mode.

5. The canceller of claim 4 wherein said first adaptive filter means comprises a plurality of first filter weights, and first weight update logic means responsive to said second bandpass filtered signals from said acoustic sensor for adjusting said first filter weights.

6. The canceller of claim 4 wherein said second adaptive filter means comprises a plurality of second filter weights, and second weight update logic means responsive to said fourth bandpass filtered signals from said acoustic sensor for adjusting said second filter weights.

7. The canceller of claim 4 wherein said first and second pass bands are substantially contiguous pass bands.

8. The canceller of claim 4 wherein said first and second filter output signals are digitized signals, and said combining means comprises a digital adder means.

9. The canceller of claim 4 wherein said first adaptive filter means comprises a recursive adaptive filter means comprising:

a first adaptive filter responsive to said first bandpass filtered noise sensor signals and comprising a plurality of first adaptive filter weight inputs, said first adaptive filter providing a first adaptive filter output;

a first weight update logic means responsive to said delayed first bandpass filtered noise sensor signals and to said second bandpass filtered acoustic sensor signals for adaptively updating said first adaptive filter weight inputs;

a second adaptive filter for providing a second adaptive filter output;

means for combining said first and second adaptive filter outputs to provide said first filter output;

said second adaptive filter responsive to said first filter output and comprising a plurality of second adaptive filter weight inputs;

third delay means for providing a delayed version of said first filter output which is delayed by a third predetermined time delay;

a second weight update logic means responsive to said delayed version of said first filter output and to said second bandpass filtered acoustic sensor signals for adaptively updating said second adaptive filter weight inputs.

10. An active noise canceller system for suppressing acoustic noise from an electric motor over a predetermined noise bandwidth, comprising:

an acoustic noise sensor disposed in proximity to said motor for generating a noise sensor signal indicative of said acoustic noise to be suppressed;

an acoustic error sensor for generating an error signal;

an acoustic output device for generating a cancelling acoustic signal;

a plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said error signal, each channel restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation over said entire frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each adaptive filter channel comprising delay means for delaying signals used in said filter weight updating by a predetermined fixed delay interval dependent on said particular frequency sub-band so as to make said entire sub-band a frequency stability region of operation of said particular adaptive filter channel, each channel producing a channel output signal for suppressing noise spectral components throughout said entire frequency sub-band, each channel further comprising bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signal and said error signal so as to pass only signal frequency components within respective frequency sub-band for said channel, thereby restricting said channel to operation over said frequency sub-band, delay means for providing a delayed version of said noise sensor signal delayed by a predetermined delay, and adaptive filter weight update logic means responsive to said delayed version of said noise sensor signal for updating adaptive filter weight inputs to adaptive filter means comprising said channel, and wherein the respective delay values for the respective channels are different delay values; and

means for combining said plurality of channel output signals to provide a combined signal for driving said acoustic output device to generate said cancelling acoustic waveform and thereby suppress acoustic noise emitted by said electric motor.

11. The canceller of claim 10 wherein each said channel comprises recursive adaptive filter means.

12. The canceller of claim 10 wherein said frequency sub-bands cover said noise bandwidth.

13. The system of claim 10 wherein said adaptive filter channels each employ an adaptive least means square algorithm to minimize said error signal without requiring a system training mode to learn transfer functions of said noise and error sensors and said acoustic output device.

14. An active noise canceller system for suppressing engine acoustic noise from a vehicle engine exhaust over a predetermined noise bandwidth, comprising:

an acoustic noise sensor disposed in proximity to said engine, for generating a noise sensor signal indicative of said noise to be suppressed;

an acoustic error sensor disposed adjacent a tailpipe of said vehicle for generating an error signal;

an acoustic output device for emitting a cancelling acoustic signal into said tailpipe;

a plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said error signal, each channel restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation over said entire frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each adaptive filter channel comprising delay means for delaying signals used in said filter weight updating by a predetermined fixed delay interval dependent on said particular frequency sub-band so as to make said entire sub-band a frequency stability region of operation of said particular adaptive filter channel, each channel producing a channel output signal for suppressing noise spectral components throughout said entire frequency sub-band, each channel further comprising bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signal and said error signal so as to pass only signal frequency components within respective frequency sub-band for said channel, thereby restricting said channel to operation over said frequency sub-band, delay means for providing a delayed version of said noise sensor signal delayed by a predetermined delay, and adaptive filter weight update logic means responsive to said delayed version of said noise sensor signal for updating adaptive filter weight inputs to adaptive filter means comprising said channel, and wherein the respective delay values for the respective channels are different delay values; and

means for combining said plurality of channel output signals to provide a combined signal for driving said acoustic output device to generate said cancelling acoustic waveform and thereby reduce engine noise.

15. The canceller of claim 14 wherein each said channel comprises recursive adaptive filter means.

16. The canceller of claim 14 wherein said frequency sub-bands cover said noise bandwidth.

17. The canceller of claim 14 wherein each acoustic output device is disposed to emit acoustic signals into said tailpipe at a location between said engine and said error sensor.

18. The system of claim 14 wherein said adaptive filter channels each employ an adaptive least means square algorithm to minimize said error signal without requiring a system training mode to learn transfer functions of said noise and error sensors and said acoustic output device.

19. An active noise canceller system for suppressing acoustic noise over a predetermined noise bandwidth incident on a headphone set having a headphone acoustic transducer, comprising:

a noise sensor disposed at an external surface of said headphone set for generating a noise sensor signal indicative of said noise to be suppressed;

an error sensor disposed for generating an error signal, said error sensor mounted adjacent said headphone acoustic transducer;

a plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said error signal, each channel restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation over said entire frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each adaptive filter channel comprising delay means for delaying signals used in said filter weight updating by a predetermined fixed delay interval dependent on said particular frequency sub-band so as to make said entire sub-band a frequency stability region of operation of said particular adaptive filter channel, each channel producing a channel output signal for suppressing noise spectral components throughout said entire frequency sub-band, each channel further comprising bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signal and said error signal so as to pass only signal frequency components within respective frequency sub-band for said channel, thereby restricting said channel to operation over said frequency sub-band, delay means for providing a delayed version of said noise sensor signal delayed by a predetermined delay, and adaptive filter weight update logic means responsive to said delayed version of said noise sensor signal for updating adaptive filter weight inputs to adaptive filter means comprising said channel, and wherein the respective delay values for the respective channels are different delay values; and

means for combining said plurality of channel output signals with an audio information signal to provide a combined signal for driving said headphone acoustic transducer to suppress said acoustic noise and enhance delivery of said audio information signal to a headphone set user.

20. The canceller of claim 19 wherein each said channel comprises recursive adaptive filter means.

21. The system of claim 19 wherein said adaptive filter channels each employ an adaptive least means square algorithm to minimize said error signal without requiring a system training mode to learn transfer functions of said noise and error sensors and said acoustic output device.

22. An active noise canceller system for suppressing acoustic noise over a predetermined noise bandwidth incident on a stereo headphone set having left and right headphone acoustic transducers, comprising:

a noise sensor disposed at an external surface of said headphone set for generating a noise sensor signal indicative of said noise to be suppressed;

left and right error sensors disposed for generating respective left and right error signals, said error sensors mounted adjacent said respective left and right headphone acoustic transducers;

a first plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said left error signal, each channel of said first plurality restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation in said frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each channel of said first plurality producing a channel output signal;

first means for combining said first plurality of channel output signals with a left audio information signal to provide a first combined signal for driving said left acoustic transducer;

a second plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said right error signal, each channel of said second plurality restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation in said frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each channel of said second plurality producing a channel output signal;

each channel further comprises bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signal and said error signal so as to pass only signal frequency components within respective frequency sub-band for said channel, thereby restricting said channel to operation over said frequency sub-band, delay means for providing a delayed version of said noise sensor signal delayed by a predetermined delay, and adaptive filter weight update logic means responsive to said delayed version of said noise sensor signal for updating adaptive filter weight inputs to adaptive filter means comprising said channel, and wherein the respective delay values for the respective channels are different delay values; and

second means for combining said second plurality of channel output signals with a right audio information signal to provide a second combined signal for driving said right acoustic transducer.

23. The canceller of claim 22 wherein each said channel comprises recursive adaptive filter means.

24. The canceller of claim 22 wherein said frequency sub-bands cover said noise bandwidth.

25. An active noise canceller system for suppressing acoustic noise from an engine over a predetermined noise bandwidth, comprising:

an acoustic noise sensor disposed in proximity to said engine for generating a noise sensor signal indicative of said acoustic noise to be suppressed;

an acoustic error sensor for generating an error signal;

an acoustic output device for generating a cancelling acoustic signal;

a plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said error signal, each channel restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation over said frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each adaptive filter channel comprising delay means for delaying signals used in said filter weight updating by a predetermined fixed delay interval dependent on said particular frequency sub-band so as to make said entire sub-band a frequency stability region of operation of said particular adaptive filter channel, each channel producing a channel output signal for suppressing noise spectral components throughout said entire frequency sub-band, each channel further comprising bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signal and said error signal so as to pass only signal frequency components within respective frequency sub-band for said channel, thereby restricting said channel to operation over said frequency sub-band, delay means for providing a delayed version of said noise sensor signal delayed by a predetermined delay, and adaptive filter weight update logic means responsive to said delayed version of said noise sensor signal for updating adaptive filter weight inputs to adaptive filter means comprising said channel, and wherein the respective delay values for the respective channels are different delay values; and

means for combining said plurality of channel output signals to provide a combined signal for driving said acoustic output device to generate said cancelling acoustic waveform and thereby suppress acoustic noise emitted by said engine.

26. The canceller of claim 25 wherein each said channel comprises recursive adaptive filter means.

27. The canceller of claim 25 wherein said frequency sub-bands cover said noise bandwidth.

28. The canceller of claim 25 wherein each channel further comprises delay means for providing a delayed version of said noise sensor signal delayed by a predetermined delay, adaptive filter weight update logic means responsive to said delayed version of said noise sensor signal for updating adaptive filter weight inputs to adaptive filter means comprising said channel, and wherein the respective delay values for the respective channels are different delay values.

29. The system of claim 25 wherein said adaptive filter channels each employ an adaptive least means square algorithm to minimize said error signal without requiring a system training mode to learn transfer functions of said noise and error sensors and said acoustic output device.

30. An active noise canceller system for suppressing noise over a predetermined noise bandwidth, comprising:

a noise sensor for generating a noise sensor signal indicative of said noise to be suppressed;

an error sensor for generating an error signal;

an acoustic output device for generating a cancelling acoustic signal;

a plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said error signal, each channel restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation in said frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each channel producing a channel output signal, and wherein said delay employed by each channel is a different delay from delays employed by each other channel;

each channel further comprising bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signal and said error signal so as to pass only signal frequency components within respective frequency sub-band for said channel, thereby restricting said channel to operation over said frequency sub-band; and

means for combining said plurality of channel output signals to provide a combined signal for driving said acoustic output device to generate said cancelling acoustic signal.

31. An active noise canceller system for suppressing acoustic noise from an electric motor over a predetermined noise bandwidth, comprising:

an acoustic noise sensor disposed in proximity to said motor for generating a noise sensor signal indicative of said acoustic noise to be suppressed;

an acoustic error sensor for generating an error signal;

an acoustic output device for generating a cancelling acoustic signal;

a plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said error signal, each channel restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation in said frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each channel producing a channel output signal, and wherein said delay employed by each channel is a different delay from delays employed by each other channel;

each channel further comprising bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signal and said error signal so as to pass only signal frequency components within respective frequency sub-band for said channel, thereby restricting said channel to operation over said frequency sub-band; and

means for combining said plurality of channel output signals to provide a combined signal for driving said acoustic output device to generate said cancelling acoustic waveform and thereby suppress acoustic noise emitted by said electric motor.

32. An active noise canceller system for suppressing engine acoustic noise from a vehicle engine exhaust over a predetermined noise bandwidth, comprising:

an acoustic noise sensor disposed in proximity to said engine, for generating a noise sensor signal indicative of said noise to be suppressed;

an acoustic error sensor disposed adjacent a tailpipe of said vehicle for generating an error signal;

an acoustic output device for emitting a cancelling acoustic signal into said tailpipe;

a plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said error signal, each channel restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation in said frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each channel producing a channel output signal, and wherein said delay employed by each channel is a different delay from delays employed by each other channel;

each channel further comprises bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signal and said error signal so as to pass only signal frequency components within respective frequency sub-band for said channel, thereby restricting said channel to operation over said frequency sub-band; and

means for combining said plurality of channel output signals to provide a combined signal for driving said acoustic output device to generate said cancelling acoustic waveform and thereby reduce engine noise.

33. An active noise canceller system for suppressing acoustic noise over a predetermined noise bandwidth incident on a headphone set having a headphone acoustic transducer, comprising:

a noise sensor disposed at an external surface of said headphone set for generating a noise sensor signal indicative of said noise to be suppressed;

an error sensor disposed for generating an error signal, said error sensor mounted adjacent said headphone acoustic transducer;

a plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said error signal, each channel restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation in said frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each channel producing a channel output signal, and wherein said delay employed by each channel is a different delay from delays employed by each other channel;

each channel further comprises bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signal and said error signal so as to pass only signal frequency components within respective frequency sub-band for said channel, thereby restricting said channel to operation over said frequency sub-band; and

means for combining said plurality of channel output signals with an audio information signal to provide a combined signal for driving said headphone acoustic transducer to suppress said acoustic noise and enhance delivery of said audio information signal to a headphone set user.

34. An active noise canceller system for suppressing acoustic noise over a predetermined noise bandwidth incident on a headphone set having a headphone acoustic transducer, comprising:

a noise sensor disposed at an external surface of said headphone set for generating a noise sensor signal indicative of said noise to be suppressed;

an error sensor disposed for generating an error signal, said error sensor mounted adjacent said headphone acoustic transducer;

a plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said error signal, each channel restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation in said frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each channel producing a channel output signal, said frequency sub-bands covering said noise bandwidth, and wherein said delay employed by each channel is a different delay from delays employed by each other channel, each channel further comprising bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signal and said error signal so as to pass only signal frequency components within respective frequency sub-band for said channel, thereby restricting said channel to operation over said frequency sub-band; and

means for combining said plurality of channel output signals with an audio information signal to provide a combined signal for driving said headphone acoustic transducer to suppress said acoustic noise and enhance delivery of said audio information signal to a headphone set user.

35. An active noise canceller system for suppressing acoustic noise from an engine over a predetermined noise bandwidth, comprising:

an acoustic noise sensor disposed in proximity to said engine for generating a noise sensor signal indicative of said acoustic noise to be suppressed;

an acoustic error sensor for generating an error signal;

an acoustic output device for generating a cancelling acoustic signal;

a plurality of adaptive filter channels responsive to said noise sensor signal and said error signal, each channel restricted to operation over a predetermined frequency sub-band comprising said noise bandwidth and employing delay in the updating of adaptive filter weights to achieve stability in operation in said frequency sub-band over which said channel operates, each channel producing a channel output signal;

each channel further comprises bandpass filter means for filtering said noise sensor signal and said error signal so as to pass only signal frequency components within respective frequency sub-band for said channel, thereby restricting said channel to operation over said frequency sub-band, and wherein said delay employed by each channel is a different delay from delays employed by each other channel; and

means for combining said plurality of channel output signals to provide a combined signal for driving said acoustic output device to generate said cancelling acoustic waveform and thereby suppress acoustic noise emitted by said engine.