Relative resonant frequency shifts to detect cracks

• US 5,425,272 A
• Filed: 11/30/1993
• Issued: 06/20/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Illinois Tool Works Inc.
• Original Assignee: Quatro Corporation
• Inventors: Schwarz, James, Rhodes, George W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezrone E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MILLER, ROSE MARY
• Application Number:
  US08/159,142
• Time in Patent Office: 567 Days
• Field of Search: 73/579, 73/12.01, 73/646
• US Class Current: 73/579
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/014 Resonance or resonant frequency
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/103 one emitter, two or more receivers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/2634 cylindrical from outside
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/12 by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves measuring frequency or resonant frequency of mechanical vibrations or acoustic waves in general G01H1/06, G01H3/04, G01H13/00; acoustic resonators G10K11/04; vibration or shock testing of structures G01M7/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/30 Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/42 by frequency filtering or by tuning to resonant frequency

Abstract

An ultrasonic measurement method for distinguishing between unflawed and flawed parts comprises the steps of detecting at least two prominent resonant response frequencies, measuring the frequency difference between the two frequencies, determining the ratio of the frequency difference to one of said frequencies, and comparing the ratio to a predetermined part criterion. Resonant response frequencies dependant upon physical characteristics such as dimensions and weight are compared to other resonances which are at frequencies dependant upon stiffness of the part.

Claims

1. A method for determining if a part is flawed, comprising the steps of:

detecting frequency of at least two prominent resonant responses of said part;

measuring frequency difference between two of said prominent resonant responses; and

comparing said measured frequency difference between two of said prominent resonances to a predetermined unflawed part frequency difference.

2. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said resonant responses are a function of different physical characteristics of said part.

3. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein one resonant response used in the measured frequency difference is dependant upon dimensions of said part.

4. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein one resonant response used in the measured frequency difference is dependant upon stiffness of said part.

5. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said part is rejected when said measured frequency difference is greater than a predetermined number.

6. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said resonant responses are determined by contacting said part with a piezoelectric vibrator which is energized at a plurality of frequencies.

7. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said predetermined unflawed part frequency difference is determined by testing a plurality of parts which are known to be acceptable.

8. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein a ratio of the measured frequency difference is determined by dividing the measured frequency difference by either of said resonant response frequencies used in the measured frequency difference.

9. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein a ratio of the measured frequency difference is determined by dividing the measured frequency difference by the average of said resonant response frequencies used in the measured frequency difference.

10. The method in accordance with claim 3, wherein the other resonant response frequency used in the measured frequency difference is dependant upon the stiffness of said part.

11. The method in accordance with claim 4, wherein said stiffness is stiffness of bending.

12. The method in accordance with claim 4, wherein said stiffness is dependant upon torsional modes.

13. The method in accordance with claim 12, wherein a plurality of frequencies are produced by sweeping frequency of vibrations applied to said part in step intervals between a high limit and a low limit frequency.

14. The method in accordance with claim 13, wherein said step intervals are all equal.

15. A method of flaw detection in one part of a plurality of otherwise identical parts comprising the steps of:

(1) vibrating said part at a plurality of frequencies;

(2) identifying of a first frequency at which said part resonates;

(3) identification of a second frequency at which said part resonates;

(4) determining the difference between said first and second frequencies;

(5) dividing said difference by one of said first and second frequencies to obtain a number; and

(6) comparing said number to a predetermined number to determine the presence of a flaw.

16. The method in accordance with claim 15, further comprising the step of:

(7) evaluating said one part based upon said comparison.

17. A method of flaw detection in one part of a plurality of otherwise identical parts comprising the steps of:

(1) identifying first and second resonant response frequencies;

(2) determining the difference between said first and second resonant response frequencies;

(3) dividing said difference by one of said first and second response frequencies to determine a percentage change in frequency; and

(4) comparing said percentage change to a standard percentage change to determine the presence of a flow.

18. The method in accordance with claim 17, wherein the step of identifying first and second resonant response frequencies comprises the steps of:

applying a plurality of vibrations to said part in step intervals; and

identifying of resonant response frequency peaks from a plot of applied frequency versus magnitude of resonant response.