High energy density and high power density ultracapacitors and supercapacitors
First Claim
1. A capacitor comprising:
- a metalized polymer film having opposing surfaces;
each said opposing surface being coated with a layer of metal forming a current collector;
a pair of electrode layers, each of said electrode layers formed of a mixture of carbon and electrolyte binder, each of said electrode layers coated respectively onto each of said layers of metal; and
an electrolyte in contact with said metal layers and with said carbon and binder mixture layers.
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Abstract
Ultracapacitor and supercapacitor designs wherein two discrete metal film current collectors of the prior art, one for each of the cathode and anode, are replaced by a single thin polymer film. The polymer film is typically several microns thick and metallized on both sides. The thickness of the metallization is varied from several hundred to several thousand Ångstroms depending upon the particular application. This metallization serves as the positive and negative electrodes (current collectors) which are spatially separated by the polymer dielectric film. The resulting reduction of volume increases the volumetric energy density and the reduction of mass increases the gravimetric energy density. The electrolyte solvent/salt system can be selected to provide useful individual cell voltages as high as 5 volts. The voltage is limited only by the electrolytic stability of the solvent and salt. Ultracapacitors fabricated in accordance with the present invention may have energy densities exceeding 10 watt-hours per kilogram and volumetric energy densities exceeding 15 watt-hours per liter. Values which are yet higher are feasible with supercapacitors fabricated in accordance with the present invention.
148 Citations
18 Claims
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1. A capacitor comprising:
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a metalized polymer film having opposing surfaces; each said opposing surface being coated with a layer of metal forming a current collector; a pair of electrode layers, each of said electrode layers formed of a mixture of carbon and electrolyte binder, each of said electrode layers coated respectively onto each of said layers of metal; and an electrolyte in contact with said metal layers and with said carbon and binder mixture layers. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. A capacitor comprising:
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a metalized polymer film having opposing surfaces; each said opposing surface being coated with a layer of metal forming a current collector; a pair of electrode layers, each of said electrode layers formed of material taken from the group consisting of transition metal oxides and hydrous oxides, each of said electrode layers coated respectively onto each of said layers of metal; and an electrolyte in contact with said metal layers and with said group material layers. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. A capacitor comprising:
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a plurality of cells each such cell having a metalized polymer film having opposed surfaces; each of said opposed surfaces being coated with a layer of metal forming a current collector; a pair of electrode layers, each of said electrode layers formed of an electrode material coated onto each of said metal layers; an electrolyte in contact with said metal layers and with said electrode material layers; and a polymeric film cell separator positioned between the electrode materials of adjacent cells. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18)
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Specification