Diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation system for NO.sub.x control incorporating a compressed air regenerative particulate control system

• US 5,426,936 A
• Filed: 06/17/1993
• Issued: 06/27/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 02/21/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: CeraMem Corp. (Ceramiques Techniques et Industrielles SASU), Northeastern University, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies North America Incorporated (Veolia Environnement SA)
• Original Assignee: CeraMem Corp. (Ceramiques Techniques et Industrielles SASU), Northeastern University
• Inventors: Abrams, Richard F., Levendis, Yiannis A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hart, Douglas
• Application Number:
  US08/078,972
• Time in Patent Office: 740 Days
• Field of Search: 60/279, 60/278, 60/288, 60/311, 55/302, 55/DIG. 30
• US Class Current: 60/278
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 13/009 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2250/06 afterburning and filtering
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2330/06 Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/023 using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by electrically controlling the supply of combustible mixture or its constituents only F02D41/0235
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/0233 periodically cleaning filter by blowing a gas through the filter in a direction opposite to exhaust flow, e.g. exposing filter to engine air intake
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/027 using electric or magnetic heating means
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/032 during filter regeneration only
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/037 by means of inertial or centrifugal separators, e.g. of cyclone type, optionally combined or associated with agglomerators
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/05 by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air silencers working by addition of air to exhaust F01N1/14; arrangements for the supply of additional air for the thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust F01N3/30 ; in tailpipes F01N13/082
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 9/002 of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 1/04 with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 3/06 with compression ignition compression ignition engines using air or gas for blowing fuel into compressed air in cylinder F02B13/02
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/40 Engine management systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 55/30 Exhaust treatment

Abstract

A diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation system for control of NO_x emissions is disclosed in hi h total particulate (soot, condensed polynuclear aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and ash) control system is employed to filter the exhaust gas prior to reintroduction to the diesel engine. By cleaning the recirculated exhaust gas of substantially all particulates, wear on the engine due to particulate abrasion is minimized, and NO_x and particulate emissions are reduced. The particulate control system includes a high efficiency ceramic monolith trap that is periodically regenerated by one or more pulses of high-pressure air that move in the opposite direction of the engine exhaust flow through the trap. In one embodiment, a portion of the filtered diesel exhaust is recirculated to the engine. In a further embodiment, the particulate control system filters a portion of the diesel exhaust in the recirculation flow path. The system can retrofit any existing diesel-powered equipment.

Claims

1. A system for reducing nitrogen oxide (NO_x) and total particulate emissions in diesel exhaust from a diesel engine comprising:

a diesel engine exhaust gas flow path having a diesel exhaust inlet port couplable to a diesel engine and a diesel exhaust outlet port couplable to ambient;

a regenerable filter having pores sized to capture particles therewithin that are contained in the diesel exhaust, said filter located downstream of said diesel exhaust inlet;

said filter having a filtration efficiency of at least ninety-five percent;

means for directing at least a portion of the diesel engine exhaust flow through said filter;

means comprising a recirculation flow path for controllably recirculating at least a portion of said filtered diesel engine exhaust flow to the diesel engine;

said recirculation flow path between said regenerable filter and said diesel engine having a preselected length selected to cool the recirculated diesel exhaust; and

means for regenerating said filter at periodic intervals by providing at least one pulse of compressed air to remove said particulates lodged in said filter.

2. The invention of claim 1, wherein said regeneration means comprises:

a source of compressed air controllably coupled to said diesel engine exhaust gas flow path between said filter and said diesel exhaust outlet port; and

a controller, operatively coupled to said source of compressed air and operable to provide at least one pulse of high-pressure air from said source of compressed air that flows through said filter in a direction that dislodges soot (laden with PAH) and ash particles that are lodged within the pores thereof and that moves the soot (laden with PAH) and ash particles out of said filter.

3. The invention of claim 2, wherein said regeneration means further comprises:

a particulate disposal unit coupled to said diesel engine exhaust gas flow path between said filter and said inlet port, whereby dislodged soot (laden with PAH) and ash particles are moved into said disposal unit.

4. The invention of claim 1, wherein said regeneration means comprises:

a source of compressed air controllably coupled to said filter downstream of the diesel engine exhaust flow through said filter; and

a controller, operatively coupled to said source of compressed air and operable to provide at least one pulse of high-pressure air from said source of compressed air that flows through said filter in a direction that dislodges soot (laden with PAH) and ash particles that are lodged within the pores thereof and that moves the soot (laden with PAH) and ash particles out of said filter.

5. The invention of claim 1, wherein said controllably recirculating means further comprises:

a recirculation control valve coupled to said recirculation flow path; and

a controller, operatively coupled to said recirculation control valve and operable in a filtration mode to open said valve for coupling diesel exhaust in said diesel exhaust gas flow path through said filter and along said recirculation flow path, and further operable in a regeneration mode to close said valve to decouple diesel exhaust from said recirculation flow path.

6. The invention of claim 1, wherein said means for directing at least a portion of the diesel engine exhaust flow through said filter comprises a control valve coupled downstream of said filter, and a controller operatively coupled to said control valve to open and close said control valve, whereby at least a portion of the diesel engine exhaust flow is directed through said filter in response to said control valve.

7. The invention of claim 1, wherein said means for directing at least a portion of the diesel engine exhaust flow through said filter comprises disposing said filter in said diesel engine exhaust gas flow path, whereby exhaust on said flow path flows through said filter.

8. The invention of claim 1, further comprising a rigid casing disposed in said diesel engine exhaust flow path, said regenerable filter being mounted within said casing.

9. The invention of claim 1, wherein said filter is a CERAMEM filter.

10. The invention of claim 1, wherein said pores of said filter are sized to trap particles having an aggregate particle diameter of 0.5 to 1 μ

m.

11. The invention of claim 1, wherein said filter has a filtration efficiency of at least ninety-nine percent.

12. The invention of claim 1, wherein said diesel exhaust gas flow path between said inlet port and said regenerable filter has a preselected length selected to allow entrained PAH particles sufficient time to cool to below their decomposition temperature by the time the particles reach said filter along said diesel exhaust gas flow path.

13. A diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation and filtration system for reducing nitrogen oxide (NO_x) and total particulate emissions in diesel exhaust from a diesel engine comprising:

a diesel engine exhaust gas conduit having a diesel exhaust inlet port couplable to a diesel engine and a diesel exhaust outlet port couplable to ambient;

a regenerable filter having pores sized to capture particles therewithin that are contained in the diesel exhaust, said filter disposed in said diesel engine exhaust conduit between said diesel exhaust inlet port and said diesel exhaust outlet port;

a recirculation conduit having an upstream inlet coupled to said diesel engine exhaust conduit between said filter and said outlet port, said recirculation conduit further having a downstream outlet coupled to an inlet to the diesel engine, a recirculation control valve being further located downstream of said filter in said recirculation conduit near said upstream inlet of said recirculation conduit;

a source of compressed air controllably coupled to said diesel engine exhaust gas conduit between said filter and said diesel exhaust outlet port;

a particulate disposal unit coupled to said diesel engine exhaust gas conduit between said filter and said inlet port; and

a controller, operatively coupled to said source of compressed air and said recirculation control valve in said recirculation conduit, operable in a filtration mode for coupling diesel exhaust in said diesel exhaust gas conduit through said filter and directing a portion of filtered exhaust gas to said recirculation conduit and a remainder portion of filtered exhaust gas out said diesel exhaust output port, and further operable in a regeneration mode to provide at least one pulse of high-pressure air from said source of compressed air that flows through said filter in a direction that dislodges soot (laden with PAH) and ash particles that are lodged within the pores thereof and that moves the soot (laden with PAH) and ash particles into said disposal unit.

14. The invention of claim 13, further comprising an air inlet valve coupled to said source of compressed air and in communication with said controller for gating said air inlet valve to provide said at least one pulse.

15. The invention of claim 14, further comprising an air outlet valve coupled downstream of said collection device and in communication with said controller for gating said air outlet valve synchronously with said air inlet valve to provide a flow path for said at least one pulse of high pressure and low velocity air through said filter and said collection device.

16. The invention of claim 15, wherein said valves comprise solenoid valves.

17. The invention of claim 13, further including means for insuring that the temperature of said filter is below the decomposition temperature of selected unburnt hydrocarbons.

18. The invention of claim 13, wherein the portion of said diesel exhaust conduit between said diesel exhaust inlet port and said filter has a preselected length selected to allow entrained PAH particles sufficient time to cool to below their decomposition temperature by the time they reach said filter along said diesel exhaust flow path.

19. The invention of claim 13, further including heat transfer means mounted along the portion of said diesel exhaust conduit defined between said diesel exhaust inlet port and said filter.

20. The invention of claim 13, wherein said filter has a particulate filtration efficiency of at least ninety-five percent.

21. The invention of claim 13, wherein said filter has a particulate filtration efficiency of at least ninety-nine percent.

22. The invention of claim 13, wherein said filter is a CERAMEM filter.

23. The invention of claim 13, wherein said pores of said filter are sized to trap particles having an aggregate particle diameter of 0.5 to 1 μ

m.

24. The invention of claim 13, wherein said high-pressure pulses are selected from a range of pressures of 3.0 to 6.0 atm.

25. The invention of claim 13, wherein said low-duty-cycle is from one half to one hour.

26. The invention of claim 13, wherein said recirculation control valve is in further communication with said controller for gating said control valve to close said recirculation conduit during said regeneration mode.

27. The invention of claim 13, further comprising a pump coupled to said recirculation conduit downstream of said recirculation control valve.

28. The invention of claim 13, further comprising a three-way valve coupled between said filter and said source of compressed air, said three-way valve operable to direct cleaned exhaust gas to said diesel exhaust outlet port during said filtration mode and operable to close said diesel exhaust outlet port and to direct the air from said source of compressed air to said filter during said regeneration mode.

29. The invention of claim 13, wherein said three-way valve comprises a flip-flap valve.

30. The invention of claim 13, further comprising a casing rigidly coupled within said diesel engine exhaust gas conduit, wherein said filter and said disposal unit are rigidly mounted vertically within said casing with said disposal unit located below said filter, whereby dislodged soot laden with PAH and ash particles are directed into said disposal unit.

31. The invention of claim 13, further comprising a closure between said filter and said disposal unit, said closure being biassed closed during said filtration mode and openable upon pressure exerted by said at least one pulse during said regeneration mode, whereby dislodged soot laden with PAH and ash particles are carried through said opened closure into said disposal unit.

32. A diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation and filtration system for reducing nitrogen oxide (NO_x) and total particulate emissions in diesel exhaust from a diesel engine, comprising:

an unfiltered diesel exhaust inlet port;

an unfiltered diesel exhaust gas flow path defined by an exhaust gas line coupled between said inlet port and ambient;

a recirculation flow path defined by a return line having an upstream inlet located along said unfiltered exhaust gas flow path and a downstream outlet couplable to an inlet to the diesel engine;

a filter having pores sized to capture particles therewithin that are contained within the diesel exhaust;

a recirculation control valve located in said recirculation flow path downstream of said filter;

a source of compressed air controllably coupled to said recirculation flow path;

a controller operatively coupled to said source of compressed air and said recirculation control valve, said controller being operative in a filtration mode for coupling a part of diesel exhaust along said unfiltered exhaust gas flow path through said filter along said recirculation flow path and to the engine intake and further operative in a regeneration mode for providing at least one pulse of high-pressure air that flows through said filter along said regeneration flow path in a direction that dislodges the soot (laden with PAH) and ash particles that are lodged within the pores in said filter during operation in said filtration mode and that moves the soot (laden with PAH) and ash particles into said unfiltered exhaust gas flow path.

33. The invention of claim 32, further comprising a valve coupled to said air compressor and where said controller is in communication with said valve for gating said valve to provide said at least one pulse.

34. The invention of claim 33, further comprising a pump located in said recirculation flow path downstream of said recirculation control valve.

35. The invention of claim 32, wherein said filter is located sufficiently close to said unfiltered exhaust gas flow path to allow substantially all of the dislodged soot (laden with PAH) and ash to be moved into said unfiltered exhaust gas flow path by said at least one pulse of high-pressure air.

36. The invention of claim 32, further including means for ensuring that the temperature of said filter is below the decomposition temperature of selected unburnt hydrocarbons.

37. The invention of claim 36, wherein said filter is located sufficiently distant from said unfiltered diesel exhaust inlet port to allow entrained PAH particles sufficient time to cool to below their decomposition temperature by the time they reach said filter along said unfiltered exhaust gas flow path.

38. The invention of claim 36, wherein said ensuring means includes heat transfer means mounted along the portion of said unfiltered exhaust gas flow path and the portion of said recirculation flow path between the unfiltered diesel exhaust inlet port and said filter.

39. The invention of claim 32, wherein said filter has a filtration efficiency of at least ninety-five percent.

40. The invention of claim 32, wherein said filter has a filtration efficiency of at least ninety-nine percent.

41. The invention of claim 32, wherein said filter is a CERAMEM filter.

42. The invention of claim 32, wherein said pores of said filter are sized to trap particles having an aggregate particle diameter of 0.5 to 1 μ

m.

43. The invention of claim 32, wherein said high-pressure pulses are selected from a range of pressures of 3.0 to 6.0 atm.

44. The invention of claim 32, wherein said low-duty-cycle is from one half to one hour.