Power amplifier having nested amplitude modulation controller and phase modulation controller

• US 5,430,416 A
• Filed: 02/23/1994
• Issued: 07/04/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 02/23/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Black, Gregory R., Hietala, Alexander W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Grimm, Siegfried H.
• Application Number:
  US08/201,284
• Time in Patent Office: 496 Days
• Field of Search: 332/145, 332/151, 332/152, 455/63, 455/102, 455/126
• US Class Current: 332/145
• CPC Class Codes: H03C 1/00 Amplitude modulation H03C5/00, H03C7/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03C 3/09 Modifications of modulator for regulating the mean frequency
• CPC Class Codes: H03C 5/00 Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal H03C7/00 takes precedence

Abstract

Transmitting signals containing amplitude modulated (AM) and phase modulation (PM) components requires a transmitter having AM and PM control loops. The PM control loop provides phase modulation, frequency translation and phase predistortion for the transmitter. The phase predistortion/correction is accomplished by using an oscillator, thus, the amount of PA phase correction is essentially unlimited. Additionally, the PM control loop is nested about a power amplifier (PA), allowing the PM control loop to correct for any distortion introduced by the PA.

Claims

1. A transmitter for transmitting signals, the signals containing amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM), the transmitter comprising:

a power amplifier (PA) having a signal input and an amplitude control input, the power amplifier generating an amplified PA output signal having a phase, a frequency and a variable amplitude, the amplitude responsive to the amplitude control input; and

a PM control loop having a feedback signal input, a phase reference signal input, and a frequency reference signal input having a frequency, the PM control loop including inter alia a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), the VCO having a VCO output signal and a control signal input, the VCO output signal is coupled to the signal input of the power amplifier, and the feedback signal input is coupled to the PA amplified output signal, the PM control loop providing a phase modulated and predistorted VCO output signal such that the phase of the PA output signal is responsive to the phase reference input signal, and the frequency of the PA output signal is responsive to the frequency of the frequency reference signal.

3. A transmitter in accordance with claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is a non-linear power amplifier.

4. A transmitter in accordance with claim 1 wherein the amplitude control input is provided from an AM controller, the AM controller having a signal input and an amplitude reference input, the AM controller signal input coupled from the amplified output signal, the AM controller providing a control signal output coupled to the control input of the power amplifier such that the variable amplitude output of the power amplifier is responsive to the amplitude reference input.

5. A transmitter in accordance with claim 1 wherein the PA amplified output signal is switchably coupled to the feedback signal input of the PM control loop.

2. A transmitter in accordance with claim i wherein the PM control loop further comprises a mixer having a first and second input and an output, and a phase comparator having a first and second input and an output, the first mixer input coupled to the PA output signal, the second mixer input coupled to the frequency reference signal, the mixer output responsive to the frequency of the frequency reference signal and coupled to the first input of the phase comparator, the second input of the phase comparator coupled to the phase reference signal, the phase comparator output responsive to a phase of the phase reference signal and coupled to the VCO control signal input.

6. A radio for transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals on a selected channel, the radio comprising:

a controller for generating an amplitude reference signal, a RF carrier signal, and a phase information signal, the radio frequency carrier signal having a first frequency and a first phase;

a transmitter comprising;

a modulator having an input coupled to the phase information signal and generating a phase modulated (PM) carrier signal having a second phase;

a power amplifier (PA) having a data signal input and a PA control input and an output, the output providing an amplified and modulated PA output signal having a third frequency and a third phase, the third frequency and the third phase responsive to the data signal input;

an amplitude modulation (AM) controller having a first input and a second input, the first input coupled to the amplitude reference signal, the second input coupled to the output of the PA, the AM controller generating an amplitude control signal coupled to the PA control input, the amplitude control signal determining the amplitude of the PA output signal and responsive to the amplitude reference signal;

a mixer having a first input and a second input, the first input coupled to the radio frequency carrier signal, the second input coupled to the power amplifier output signal, the mixer providing an output signal having a fourth frequency equal to the difference between the first frequency and the third frequency and a fourth phase equal to the difference between the first phase and the third phase;

a phase detector having a first input and a second input, the first input coupled to the mixer output signal, the second input coupled to the PM carrier signal, the phase detector providing a phase detector output signal responsive to the difference between the second phase and the fourth phase; and

an oscillator having an input, the input coupled to the phase detector output signal, the oscillator output coupled to the data signal input to the power amplifier, the data signal having a phase determined by the phase detector output signal and responsive to the phase modulated (PM) carrier signal and having a frequency determined by the phase detector output signal and responsive to the radio frequency carrier signal.

7. A radio in accordance with claim 6 wherein the amplitude reference signal is a portion of a modulation signal, the modulation signal having an amplitude and a phase component.

8. A radio in accordance with claim 6 wherein a frequency of the RF carrier signal determines a frequency of the selected channel.

9. A radio in accordance with claim 6 wherein the phase detector output signal provides a voltage responsive to the difference between the second and the fourth phase.

10. A radio in accordance with claim 9 wherein the oscillator is a voltage controlled oscillator.

11. A transmitter for transmitting signals, the signals containing amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM), the transmitter comprising:

a power amplifier having a signal input and an amplitude control input, the power amplifier generating an amplified PA output signal having a variable amplitude responsive to the amplitude control input and having a phase and a frequency; and

a PM control loop having a phase modulated output, a feedback signal input, a modulation reference signal input having information content, and a frequency reference signal input having a frequency, the PM control loop comprised of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) having a VCO output signal and a control signal, the VCO output signal coupled to the signal input of the power amplifier, the feedback signal input coupled to the PA output signal, the PM control loop providing a phase modulated and predistorted VCO output signal such that the phase of the PA output signal is responsive to the information content of the modulation reference signal, and the frequency of the PA output signal is responsive to the frequency of the frequency reference signal.

12. A transmitter in accordance with claim 11 wherein the PM control loop further comprises a frequency divider having a first and a second input and an output, and a phase comparator having a first and second input and an output, the first input of the frequency divider coupled to the PA output signal, and the second input of the frequency divider coupled to the modulation reference signal, the frequency divider output coupled to the first input of the phase comparator, the second input of the phase comparator coupled to the frequency reference signal, the phase comparator output responsive to the information content of the modulation reference signal and coupled to the VCO as the control signal.

13. A transmitter in accordance with claim 12 wherein the frequency divider is composed of a fractional N type of frequency divider.

14. A transmitter in accordance with claim 12 wherein the information content of the modulation reference signal is a digital signal.

15. A transmitter in accordance with claim 11 wherein the PM control loop further comprises a frequency divider having a first and a second input and an output, a phase comparator having a first and second input and an output, and an analog adder having a first and a second input and an output, the first input of the divider coupled to the PA output signal, and the second input of the divider coupled to a digital number representing the frequency of the output, the divider output coupled to the first input of the phase comparator, the second input of the phase comparator coupled to the frequency reference signal, the phase detector output coupled to the first input of the analog adder, the second input of the analog adder coupled to the modulation reference signal and the output of the analog adder coupled to the VCO as the control signal.

16. A transmitter in accordance with claim 15 wherein the frequency divider is composed of a fractional N type of frequency divider.

17. A transmitter in accordance with claim 15 wherein the modulation reference signal is an analog signal.

18. A transmitter in accordance with claim 11 wherein the power amplifier is a non-linear power amplifier.

19. A transmitter in accordance with claim 11 wherein the amplifier control input is provided from an AM controller having a signal input and an amplitude reference input, the signal input coupled from the amplified output signal, the AM controller providing a control signal output coupled to the control input of the power amplifier such that the variable amplitude output of the power amplifier is responsive to the amplitude reference input.

20. A radio for transmitting RF signals on a selected channel the radio comprising:

a controller for generating an amplitude reference signal, a reference frequency signal and a baseband phase modulated (PM) signal, the baseband PM signal having a first integer value, the reference frequency signal having a first frequency and a first phase;

a transmitter comprising;

a power amplifier having a data signal input and a control input and an output, the output providing an amplified and modulated output signal having a second frequency and a second phase, the second frequency and second phase responsive to the data signal input;

an amplitude modulation (AM) controller having a first input and a second input, the first input coupled to the amplitude reference signal, the second input coupled to the output of the power amplifier, the AM controller generating an amplitude control signal coupled to the control input of the power amplifier, the amplitude control signal determining the amplitude of the power amplifier output signal and responsive to the amplitude reference signal;

a frequency divider having a first input and a second input, the first input coupled to the baseband PM signal, the second input coupled to the power amplifier output signal, the frequency divider providing an output signal having a third frequency equal to a ratio of the second frequency and the integer value and a third phase equal to a ratio of the second phase and the integer value;

a phase detector having a first input and a second input, the first input coupled to the frequency divider output signal, the second input coupled to the reference frequency signal, the phase detector providing an output signal responsive to the difference between the third phase and the first phase; and

an oscillator having an input, the input coupled to the phase detector output signal, the oscillator generating the data signal input to the power amplifier, the data signal having a frequency and phase determined by the phase detector output signal and responsive to the baseband PM signal.

21. A radio in accordance with claim 20 wherein the amplitude reference signal is a portion of a modulation signal, the modulation signal having an amplitude and a phase component.

22. A radio in accordance with claim 20 wherein the oscillator is a voltage controlled oscillator.

23. A radio in accordance with claim 20 wherein the frequency divider is composed of a fractional N type of frequency divider.

24. A radio in accordance with claim 20 wherein the power amplifier is a non-linear power amplifier.