Power converter possessing zero-voltage switching and output isolation

• US 5,434,767 A
• Filed: 01/10/1994
• Issued: 07/18/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 01/10/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: University of Central Florida Research Foundation Inc. (State University System of Florida)
• Original Assignee: University of Central Florida (State University System of Florida)
• Inventors: Siri, Kasemsan, Batarseh, Issa E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Stephan, Steven L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): To, E.
• Application Number:
  US08/179,348
• Time in Patent Office: 554 Days
• Field of Search: 363/16, 363/20, 363/21, 363/24, 363/25, 363/26, 363/222, 363/259, 363/344, 323/222, 323/259, 323/344
• US Class Current: 363/16
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/4208 Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/01 Resonant DC/DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33569 having several active switching elements H02M3/3353 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A modified boost converter accomplishes power transfer to a load with an electrical isolation, a zero-voltage and a zero-current switching, a transformer core resetting mechanism, and component stresses identical to those in the conventional boost converters. The power converter contains two switching devices, a main one connected in parallel and a secondary one connected in series with a transformer primary winding. A secondary winding of the transformer is connected through an output rectifier to the load. Zero-voltage switching and proper transformer-core resetting are achieved from the resonance that exists between the parasitic capacitance of the secondary switching device and the magnetization inductance of the transformer. A transformer leakage inductance facilitates zero-current switching; thus, reducing the recovery time and current in the output rectifier, and the turn-on switching loss in the conventional main switching device. The switching converter contains a lossless clamping circuit, to limit the voltage stresses across both of the power switching devices to the reflected output voltage appearing across the primary.

Claims

1. A power converter circuit for converting a voltage level across a power and a common terminal of a voltage source to a different voltage level when supplying a load, the circuit comprising:

an input choke having an input and an output terminal, said input terminal being connected to the power terminal of the voltage source;

a main switching means comprising a first switch and a parallel connected diode between the output terminal of the choke and the common terminal for selectively establishing a current through said choke from said voltage source;

a transformer having a primary and a secondary winding, said primary winding having a first and a second input terminal, said first input terminal being connected to said output terminal of said choke;

a secondary switching means connected between the second input terminal of the transformer and the common terminal for selectively establishing a current through said transformer primary winding, said secondary switching means comprising a parallel combination of a capacitor, a diode and a second switch connected between said second input terminal and the common terminal;

a diode connected in series between said transformer secondary winding and the load;

an output capacitor connected in parallel with said load; and

means for complementarily enabling and disabling said main and said secondary switching means to control current through the transformer primary winding.

2. The power converter circuit as recited in claim 1 further comprising:

a second diode connected in series with a second capacitor across the output terminal of the input choke and the common terminal of the voltage source, said second diode and second capacitor forming a main junction therebetween;

a third diode coupled between the main junction and the second input terminal of the primary winding; and

a third switching means connected between the junction and the output terminal of the input choke for suppressing any transient voltages across the main and secondary switching means when current is varied through the transformer.

3. The power converter as recited in claim 2 further comprising:

means for comparing an output voltage across the load with a reference voltage to produce a voltage error voltage;

means for modulating the error voltage with the voltage source to produce a tracking error voltage; and

means for enabling and disabling the main and secondary switching means in response to the tracking error voltage.

4. The power converter circuit as recited in claim 2 further comprising means for enabling and disabling the third switching means to regulate the voltage across the second capacitor to a reflected output voltage across the primary winding input terminals.

5. The power converter circuit as recited in claim 4 further comprising:

a third capacitor connected between said third diode and said main junction; and

a fourth switching means connected in parallel with said third diode for limiting the voltage across the second capacitor to be within a predetermined range.

6. The power converter circuit as recited in claim 5 wherein said third switching means limits the maximum voltage level across the second capacitor to a predetermined level.

7. A power converter for providing a regulated DC output from an unregulated DC voltage source, the voltage source having a pair of output terminals of relatively positive and negative polarity, the power converter comprising:

an input choke having an input terminal and an output terminal, said input terminal being coupled to one of the pair of output terminals of the voltage source;

a first switching means coupled in circuit between said output terminal of said choke and another of the pair of output terminals of the voltage source;

a single-ended transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, each of said primary and secondary windings having first and second end terminals, a first end terminal of said primary winding being coupled to said output terminal of said choke;

a second switching means coupled in circuit between said another of the pair of output terminals of the voltage source and a second end terminal of said transformer primary winding;

an output rectifier means coupled to said end terminals of said secondary winding for providing a rectified DC output; and

control means coupled to each of said first and second switching means and operative to selectively gate each of said switching means into and out of conduction so as to establish an alternating magnetization current in said transformer primary winding.

8. The power converter as recited in claim 7 wherein said enabling means enables and disables the second switching means when a voltage level across said second switching means is about zero volts.

9. The power converter of claim 7 wherein said second switching means comprises a semiconductor switching device having a parasitic junction capacitance and wherein said capacitance forms a series resonant circuit with a magnetizing inductance of said transformer primary winding to permit said second switching means to transition between on and off states under zero voltage switching conditions.

10. The power converter of claim 7 and including:

a first diode;

a capacitor connected in series with said first diode, said capacitor and diode in series being connected in parallel circuit with said first switching means;

a third switching means connected in parallel circuit with said first diode;

a second diode connected between said second end terminal of said primary transformer winding and a junction intermediate said first diode and capacitor; and

means for controlling said third switching means to suppress switching transients on said first and second switching means.