Flow control for real-time data streams

• US 5,434,860 A
• Filed: 04/20/1994
• Issued: 07/18/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 04/20/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Riddle, Guy G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Patel, Ajit
• Application Number:
  US08/230,371
• Time in Patent Office: 454 Days
• Field of Search: 370/94.1, 370/60, 370/94.2, 370/60.1, 370/13, 370/17, 370/94.3, 370/58.1, 370/58.3, 370/84
• US Class Current: 370/232
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/64 Hybrid switching systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/10 Flow control; Congestion control

Abstract

The present invention, generally speaking, provides for transmission and flow control of real-time data streams over computer networks. A real-time data stream is transmitted in data packets from a data source in accordance with a predetermined protocol over a shared network, for example. Data packets of said real-time data stream are received at a data destination connected to the local area network. The data destination determines a suggested data rate for the data source based in part on a number of data packets lost during a preceding interval of time and transmits the suggested data rate to the data source. The suggested data rate is received at the data source, which adjusts its data rate of the in accordance with the suggested data rate. The rate adjustment mechanism is designed such that a network segment will not be overloaded with a single isochronous data stream connection and that a disproportionate shared of the network bandwidth is not consumed by the isochronous data stream connection.

Claims

1. A method of regulating transmission over a shared computer network of a data stream captured from a real time data signal and transmitted as capture is proceeding, comprising the steps of:

transmitting in data packets in accordance with a predetermined protocol said data stream from a data source over the shared computer network;

receiving data packets of said data stream at a data destination connected to said shared network;

using information contained in an information field within each of said data packets, determining a number of lost data packets transmitted by the data source but not received by the data destination during a preceding interval of time;

determining a suggested data rate for the data source based in part on said number of lost data packets; and

transmitting from the data destination to the data source information related to the suggested data rate.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the suggested data rate is determined at the data destination and transmitted from the data destination to the data source.

3. The method of claim 2, comprising the further steps of

receiving the suggested data rate at the data source;

and

adjusting a data rate of the data source in accordance with the suggested data rate.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the suggested data rate is transmitted across a reliable control channel.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the suggested data rate is determined at the data source using the information transmitted from the data destination to the data source.

6. The method of claim 5, comprising the further step of:

adjusting a data rate of the data source in accordance with the suggested data rate.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining step comprises:

measuring a data rate of the data stream during respective ones of a plurality of substantially equal preceding intervals of time.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining step further comprises:

forming an average of the data rate of the data stream during a plurality of intervals.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the average is a weighted average of the data rate of the data stream during a plurality of intervals.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the average is a weighted average of the data rate of the data stream during each of a predetermined number of consecutive preceding intervals.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the suggested data rate is determined by adjusting the average data rate of the data stream during a plurality of intervals in accordance with the number of lost data packets transmitted by the data source but not received by the data destination during a preceding interval of time.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the suggested data rate is determined by adding an increment to the average data rate when the number of lost packets during a preceding interval of time was low.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein an increment is added to the average data rate when the number of lost packets during an immediately preceding interval of time was zero.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said increment is increased as a number of preceding intervals in which the number of packets lost was zero increases.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the preceding intervals in which the number of packets lost was zero are consecutive intervals.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the size of increment added to the average data rate is subject to an upper limit.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein an increment is subtracted from the average data rate when the number of lost packets during an immediately preceding time interval was non-zero.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein said increment is increased as a proportion of packets lost to packets received increases.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the size of the increment subtracted from the average data rate is subject to an upper limit.

20. The method of claim 11, wherein, at start-up, the data stream is transmitted at an initial data rate lower than a maximum allowed data rate.

21. The method of claim 11, wherein, at the conclusion of a first interval following start-up, a proportion of packets lost to packets received during the first interval is ignored when determining the suggested data rate at the conclusion of the second and subsequent intervals.

22. A method of regulating transmission over a shared computer network of a plurality of data streams captured from respective real time data signals and transmitted as capture is proceeding, comprising the steps of:

transmitting in data packets in accordance with a predetermined protocol said plurality of data streams from a data source over the shared computer network;

receiving data packets of said plurality of data streams at a data destination connected to said shared network;

using information contained in an information field within each of said data packets, determining for each of said plurality of data streams a number of lost data packets transmitted by the data source but not received by the data destination during a preceding interval of time;

determining a suggested data rate for each of the plurality of data streams based in part on said number of lost data packets;

adding together suggested data rates for each of the plurality of real-time data streams to arrive at an aggregate suggested data rate;

transmitting from the data destination to the data source information related to the aggregate suggested data rate; and

adjusting data rates of the plurality of data streams at the data source such that a combined data rate of the plurality of data streams does not exceed the aggregate suggested data rate.