Protocol for multiple node network

• US 5,434,865 A
• Filed: 11/19/1993
• Issued: 07/18/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 04/10/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Kirkham, Harold
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jung, Min
• Application Number:
  US08/155,577
• Time in Patent Office: 606 Days
• Field of Search: 370/85.13, 370/85.14, 370/60, 370/94.1, 370/94.3, 370/85.8, 370/16
• US Class Current: 370/401
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5408 using protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5433 Remote metering
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/545 Audio/video application, e.g. interphone
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5458 Monitor sensor; Alarm systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5491 using filtering and bypassing
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/542 the information being in digital form
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/403 with centralised control, e.g. polling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/04 Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing

Abstract

The invention is a multiple interconnected network of intelligent message-repeating remote nodes which employs an antibody recognition message termination process performed by all remote nodes and a remote node polling process performed by other nodes which are master units controlling remote nodes in respective zones of the network assigned to respective master nodes. Each remote node repeats only those messages originated in the local zone, to provide isolation among the master nodes.

Claims

1. A communication network comprising:

a plurality of remote nodes and a plurality of link means connecting at least some neighboring ones of said remote nodes together and for carrying messages therebetween, said network being divided into a plurality of zones containing respective groups of said remote nodes;

each one of said remote nodes comprising;

repeater means for repeating received messages, whereby said remote nodes flood at least a relevant zone of said network with multiple copies of a message received by one of said remote nodes,

suppression means for suppressing messages received from remote nodes outside of the zone of said one remote node, whereby such messages are not repeated by said repeater means.

2. The network of claim 1 wherein each one of said remote nodes further comprises termination means for terminating a message which has been received more than once by said one remote node.

3. The network of claim 2 wherein:

each message in said network includes a unique identification number;

each remote node further comprises memory means for storing the identification number of each message received by said remote node; and

wherein said termination means of each remote node comprises means for comparing the identification number of each received message with the identification numbers stored in said memory so as to determine whether to repeat said received message.

4. The network of claim 1 further comprising gateway nodes located between adjacent zones.

5. The network of claim 4 wherein said gateway nodes permit the repeating of messages received from the remote nodes of either one of the adjacent zones between which said gateway node is located.

6. The network of claim 5 further comprising plural ones of said gateway nodes connected in a path by respective ones of said link means, whereby said path is shared among adjacent ones of said zones.

7. The network of claim 6 wherein each of said remote nodes further comprises means responsive upon receipt of a changeover message from another zone for causing said suppression means to not suppress messages from the other zone.

8. The network of claim 7 wherein each one of said remote nodes further comprises termination means for terminating a message which has been received more than once by said one remote node.

9. The network of claim 8 wherein:

each message in said network includes a unique identification number;

each remote node further comprises memory means for storing the identification number of each message received by said remote node; and

wherein said termination means of each remote node comprises means for comparing the identification number of each received message with the identification numbers stored in said memory so as to determine whether to repeat said received message.

10. The network of claim 1, wherein each one of said remote nodes further comprises poll-responsive means for permitting transmission of a new message upon receipt of a message authorizing transmission of a new message.

11. The network of claim 10 further comprising polling means for transmitting an authorizing message to the remote nodes in one of said zones, said message authorizing a remote node receiving said authorizing message to transmit a new message originated by the receiving remote node.

12. The network of claim 11 wherein said authorizing message authorizes only a particular one of the remote nodes to transmit a new message.

13. The network of claim 11 wherein said polling means comprises a master node in said one zone connected by link means to at least some neighboring ones of the remote nodes in said one zone.

14. The network of claim 13 wherein respective master nodes are located within respective zones to control transmission of messages by the remote nodes of the respective zone.

15. The network of claim 14 wherein:

each of said master nodes comprises means responsive upon detection of failure of a master node in another zone for broadcasting a changeover message to the remote nodes in the other zone instructing their suppression means to not suppress messages from the one zone;

each of said remote nodes further comprises means responsive upon receipt of a changeover message from another zone for causing said suppression means to not suppress messages from the other zone.

16. The network of claim 14 wherein each one of said remote nodes further comprises termination means for terminating a message which has been received more than once by said one remote node.

17. The network of claim 16 wherein:

each message in said network includes a unique identification number;

each remote node comprises memory means for storing the identification number of each message received by said remote node; and

wherein said termination means of each remote node comprises means for comparing the identification number of each received message with the identification numbers stored in said memory so as to determine whether to repeat said received message.

18. The network of claim 8, wherein each one of said remote nodes further comprises poll-responsive means for permitting transmission of a new message upon receipt of a message authorizing transmission of a new message.

19. The network of claim 18 further comprising polling means for transmitting an authorizing message to the remote nodes in one of said zones, said message authorizing a remote node receiving said authorizing message to transmit a new message originated by the receiving remote node.

20. The network of claim 19 wherein said authorizing message authorizes only a particular one of the remote nodes to transmit a new message.

21. The network of claim 19 wherein said polling means comprises a master node in said one zone connected by link means to at least some neighboring ones of the remote nodes in said one zone.

22. The network of claim 21 wherein respective master nodes are located within respective zones to control transmission of messages by the remote nodes of the respective zone.

23. The network of claim 22 wherein:

each of said master nodes comprises means responsive upon detection of failure of a master node in another zone for broadcasting a changeover message to the remote nodes in the other zone instructing their suppression means to not suppress messages from the one zone;

each of said remote nodes further comprises means responsive upon receipt of a changeover message from another zone for causing said suppression means to not suppress messages from the other zone.

24. The communication network of claim 1 wherein said communication network is co-extensive with an electrical power distribution network, at least some of said remote nodes further comprising power distribution automation apparatus and others of said remote nodes comprising power substation control units.

25. The communication network of claim 24 wherein said distribution automation apparatus comprises at least one of:

sensing means for monitoring a parameter of said electrical power distribution network near the remote node, and

regulation means for controlling power flow in said power distribution network near said remote node.

26. The communication network of claim 25 wherein said other remote nodes comprise automation processing means for executing a set of stored application program instructions to manage the distribution automation apparatus of the remote nodes located in the same zone.

27. The communication network of claim 26 wherein said automation processing means in each of said other remote nodes executes said instructions to transmit control messages to remote nodes in the same zone in response to messages received therefrom.

28. The communication network of claim 24 further comprising a set of secondary remote nodes connected to respective ones of said remote nodes by secondary links, wherein said link means connecting said remote nodes comprise fiber optic cables and said secondary links comprise relatively low bandwidth non-fiber optic links.

29. The communication network of claim 28 wherein said electrical power distribution network comprises a high-voltage primary circuit and a plurality of low-voltage secondary circuits receiving power through step-down transformer means from said primary circuit, wherein said secondary remote nodes are co-located with respective ones of said secondary circuits, said secondary links comprising power line carrier means for coupling between said secondary remote nodes and said remote nodes through said primary and secondary circuits.

30. The communication network of claim 1 wherein at least some of said link means comprise optical fiber links, at least some of said remote nodes further comprising:

optical repeater means for boosting and amplifying a message to be relayed.

31. The communication network of claim 1 further comprising bypass means in each remote node for permitting received messages to bypass a remote node which has failed.

32. A communication network comprising:

a plurality of remote nodes and a plurality of link means connecting at least some neighboring ones of said remote nodes together and for carrying messages therebetween;

each one of said remote nodes comprising;

repeater means for repeating received messages, whereby said remote nodes flood at least portions of said network with multiple copies of a message received by one of said remote nodes,

poll-responsive means for permitting transmission of a new message upon receipt of a message authorizing transmission of a new message.

33. The network of claim 32 wherein each one of said remote nodes further comprises termination means for terminating a message which has been received more than once by said one remote node.

34. The network of claim 33 wherein:

each message in said network includes a unique identification number;

each remote node further comprises memory means for storing the identification number of each message received by said remote node; and

wherein said termination means of each remote node comprises means for comparing the identification number of each received message with the identification numbers stored in said memory so as to determine whether to repeat said received message.

35. The network of claim 32 further comprising polling means for transmitting an authorizing message to the remote nodes in one of said zones, said message authorizing a remote node receiving said authorizing message to transmit a new message originated by the receiving remote node.

36. The network of claim 35 wherein said authorizing message authorizes only a particular one of the remote nodes to transmit a new message.

37. The network of claim 35 wherein said polling means comprises a master node in said one zone connected by link means to at least some neighboring ones of the remote nodes in said one zone.

38. The network of claim 37 wherein respective master nodes are located within respective zones to control transmission of messages by the remote nodes of the respective zone.

39. The network of claim 38 wherein:

each of said master nodes comprises means responsive upon detection of failure of a master node in another zone for broadcasting a changeover message to the remote nodes in the other zone instructing their suppression means to not suppress messages from the one zone;

each of said remote nodes further comprises means responsive upon receipt of a changeover message from another zone for causing said suppression means to not suppress messages from the other zone.

40. The network of claim 38 wherein each one of said remote nodes further comprises termination means for terminating a message which has been received more than once by said one remote node.

41. The network of claim 40 wherein:

each message in said network includes a unique identification number;

each remote node comprises memory means for storing the identification number of each message received by said remote node; and

wherein said termination means of each remote node comprises means for comparing the identification number of each received message with the identification numbers stored in said memory so as to determine whether to repeat said received message.

42. The communication network of claim 32 wherein said communication network is co-extensive with an electrical power distribution network, at least some of said remote nodes further comprising power distribution automation apparatus and others of said remote nodes comprising power substation control units.

43. The communication network of claim 42 wherein said distribution automation apparatus comprises at least one of:

sensing means for monitoring a parameter of said electrical power distribution network near the remote node, and

regulation means for controlling power flow in said power distribution network near said remote node.

44. The communication network of claim 43 wherein said other remote nodes comprise automation processing means for executing a set of stored application program instructions to manage the distribution automation apparatus of the remote nodes located in the same zone.

45. The communication network of claim 44 wherein said automation processing means in each of said other remote nodes executes said instructions to transmit control messages to remote nodes in the same zone in response to messages received therefrom.

46. The communication network of claim 42 further comprising a set of secondary remote nodes connected to respective ones of said remote nodes by secondary links, wherein said link means connecting said remote nodes comprise fiber optic cables and said secondary links comprise relatively low bandwidth non-fiber optic links.

47. The communication network of claim 46 wherein said electrical power distribution network comprises a high-voltage primary circuit and a plurality of low-voltage secondary circuits receiving power through step-down transformer means from said primary circuit, wherein said secondary remote nodes are co-located with respective ones of said secondary circuits, said secondary links comprising power line carrier means for coupling between said secondary remote nodes and said remote nodes through said primary and secondary circuits.

48. The communication network of claim 32 wherein at least some of said link means comprise optical fiber links, at least some of said remote nodes further comprising:

optical repeater means for boosting and amplifying a message to be relayed, whereby to minimize accumulation of dispersion effects in said network.

49. The communication network of claim 32 further comprising bypass means in each remote node for permitting received messages to bypass a remote node which has failed.

50. A communication network comprising:

a plurality of remote nodes and a plurality of link means connecting at least some neighboring ones of said remote nodes together and for carrying messages therebetween, said network being divided into a plurality of zones containing respective groups of said remote nodes;

each one of said remote nodes comprising suppression means for suppressing messages received from remote nodes outside of the zone of said one remote node, whereby such messages are not repeated by said repeater means;

gateway nodes connected between remote nodes of adjacent zones, said gateway nodes for repeating messages received from the remote nodes of either one of the adjacent zones between which said gateway node is located.

51. The communication network of claim 50 wherein each of said remote nodes further comprises poll-responsive means for permitting transmission of a new message upon receipt of a message authorizing transmission of a new message.

52. The network of claim 51 further comprising polling means for transmitting an authorizing message to the remote nodes in one of said zones, said message authorizing a remote node receiving said authorizing message to transmit a new message originated by the receiving remote node.

53. The network of claim 52 wherein said authorizing message authorizes only a particular one of the remote nodes to transmit a new message.

54. The network of claim 52 wherein said polling means comprises a master node in said one zone connected by link means to at least some neighboring ones of the remote nodes in said one zone.

55. The network of claim 54 wherein respective master nodes are located within respective zones to control transmission of messages by the remote nodes of the respective zone.

56. The network of claim 55 wherein:

each of said master nodes comprises means responsive upon detection of failure of a master node in another zone for broadcasting a changeover message to the remote nodes in the other zone instructing their suppression means to not suppress messages from the one zone;

each of said remote nodes further comprises means responsive upon receipt of a changeover message from another zone for causing said suppression means to not suppress messages from the other zone.

57. The network of claim 50 wherein each one of said remote nodes further comprises termination means for terminating a message which has been received more than once by said one remote node.

58. The network of claim 57 wherein:

each message in said network includes a unique identification number;

each remote node comprises memory means for storing the identification number of each message received by said remote node; and

wherein said termination means of each remote node comprises means for comparing the identification number of each received message with the identification numbers stored in said memory so as to determine whether to repeat said received message.