Underwater propulsion method and apparatus

• US 5,435,761 A
• Filed: 01/05/1994
• Issued: 07/25/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 01/07/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: De Nora Permelec S.p.A., Permelec Electrode, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: De Nora Permelec S.p.A., Permelec Electrode, Ltd.
• Inventors: Nakajima, Yasuo, Shimamune, Takayuki
• Primary Examiner(s): Swinehart, Edwin L.
• Application Number:
  US08/177,375
• Time in Patent Office: 566 Days
• Field of Search: 310/11, 60/202, 60/203.1, 60/204, 440/6, 440/38, 313/631, 313/632, 417/50, 290/52, 290/42
• US Class Current: 440/6
• CPC Class Codes: B63H 11/025 by means of magneto-hydro-dynamic forces

Abstract

The underwater propulsion apparatus, which is mounted on a ship, has the anode and cathode electrodes including an anode compartment and cathode compartment whose electrode materials are separated from seawater in a central duct by the ion exchange membranes so that they are protected from poisoning by seawater. In the method utilizing the apparatus, the anode compartment and cathode compartment are supplied with moist hydrogen and moist oxygen, respectively, so as to substantially suppress the evolution of gas in the duct, which lowers the thrusting force.

Claims

1. An underwater propulsion apparatus, which applies an electric field and a magnetic field in substantially perpendicular directions so as to generate an electromagnetic field, comprising:

magnetic field generating means for generating the magnetic field;

gas electrode means for generating the electric field, which includes an anode having an anode member for hydrogen depolarization and an anode compartment supplied with moist hydrogen gas, and a cathode having a cathode member for oxygen depolarization and a cathode compartment supplied with moist oxygen gas; and

ion exchange means disposed on at least one of a contact portion of the anode with water and a contact portion of the cathode with water;

wherein said apparatus applies electric current across the electrodes so as to generate the electromagnetic field when supplying the moist hydrogen and the moist oxygen to said anode compartment and said cathode compartment, respectively.

2. An underwater propulsion apparatus as defined in claim 1, said apparatus further comprising water electrolysis means for electrolyzing water to produce the moist hydrogen gas and the moist oxygen gas which are supplied to said anode compartment and said cathode compartment, respectively.

3. An underwater propulsion apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said magnetic field generating means includes a superconducting magnet.

4. An underwater propulsion apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the moist hydrogen gas and the moist oxygen gas are steam-saturated hydrogen and oxygen gas which are 5-10% in excess of the theoretical amount.

5. An underwater propulsion apparatus as defined in claim 2, said apparatus further comprising humidification means disposed between said water electrolysis means and each of said anode compartment and cathode compartment for humidifying the moist hydrogen gas and the moist oxygen gas.

6. An underwater propulsion apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the surface of said anode member and said cathode member is hydrophobic.

7. An underwater propulsion apparatus as defined in claim 1, said apparatus being mounted on a protrusion on an underside of a ship including at least one duct substantially parallel to the direction of movement of the ship for passing through water, wherein said gas electrode means and said magnetic field generating means are provided around the duct.

8. An underwater propulsion apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said ion exchange means disposed on said anode contact portion includes a cation exchange membrane.

9. An underwater propulsion apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said ion exchange means disposed on said cathode contact portion includes an anion exchange membrane.

10. A method of propelling a ship, comprising the steps of:

generating a magnetic field around an open volume of water; and

generating an electric field, substantially perpendicular to said magnetic field, around said open volume of water, without causing gas to evolve, by using gas electrodes disposed on opposite sides of said open volume of water; and

disposing at least one ion exchange membrane between at least one of said electrodes and said water.

11. A method of propelling a ship according to claim 10, further comprising the steps of:

electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen gas and oxygen gas; and

supplying said hydrogen gas and said oxygen gas to said electrodes,

wherein said hydrogen gas is supplied to an anode of said electrodes and said oxygen gas is supplied to a cathode of said electrodes.

12. A method of propelling a ship according to claim 11, further comprising the step of humidifying said hydrogen gas and said oxygen gas to a specific level of humidity.