Method of making an array of variable focal length microlenses

• US 5,439,621 A
• Filed: 12/08/1993
• Issued: 08/08/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 04/12/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Inventors: Hoopman, Timothy L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Vargot, Mathieu D.
• Application Number:
  US08/164,310
• Time in Patent Office: 608 Days
• Field of Search: 264/1.7, 264/1.9, 264/2.5, 264/1.4, 425/808
• US Class Current: 264/2.5
• CPC Class Codes: B29D 11/00278 Lenticular sheets B29D11/00269 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0012 characterised by the manufacturing method
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0025 Machining, e.g. grinding, polishing, diamond turning, manufacturing of mould parts
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0043 Inhomogeneous or irregular arrays, e.g. varying shape, size, height
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0056 arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses G02B3/0043 takes precedence; miniaturised objectives for electronic devices employing wafer level optics G02B13/0085
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0062 Stacked lens arrays, i.e. refractive surfaces arranged in at least two planes, without structurally separate optical elements in-between
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0081 having one or more elements with analytic function to create variable power variable magnification in general G02B15/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/04 with continuous faces that are rotationally symmetrical but deviate from a true sphere , e.g. so called "aspheric" lenses
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 425/808 Lens mold

Abstract

A method of making a microlens array where the microlenses have focal lengths which vary as a function of their geometric position in the array. The focal lengths of the microlenses at the center of the array are shorter than the microlenses at the periphery.

Claims

1. A method of making a mold for forming an array of microlenses having variable focal lengths, comprising:

(a) forming an array of receptacles having generally polygonal apertures, wherein the receptacles are not all of equal depth;

(b) applying a shrinkable, hardenable liquid to the array of receptacles so that the receptacles are substantially filled with the liquid, whereby a plurality of menisci are formed in the receptacles; and

(c) shrinking and hardening the liquid to form a plurality of concave lens mold surfaces in the receptacles, wherein deeper concave lens surfaces will result from deeper receptacles and shallower concave lens surfaces will result from shallower receptacles, thereby forming a mold capable of forming a microlens array having variable focal lengths.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the depths of the receptacles vary as a function of their geometric position in the array, whereby the mold is capable of forming an array of microlenses having focal lengths which vary as a function of their geometric position in the array.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the depths of the receptacles at the center of the array differ from the depths of the receptacles at the periphery of the array, whereby the focal lengths of the microlenses at the periphery of the array differ from the focal lengths of the microlenses at the center of the array.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the depths of the receptacles located toward the center of the array are greater than the depths of the receptacles located at the periphery of the array, whereby the mold is capable of forming an array of microlenses having shorter focal lengths at the center of the array than at the periphery.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) comprises:

providing a first plurality of parallel grooves in a substrate surface;

providing a second plurality of parallel grooves in the substrate surface, wherein the second plurality of grooves intersects the first plurality of grooves, wherein the bottoms of both pluralities of grooves are coplanar, and wherein the entire substrate surface is not parallel to the plane of the bottoms of the grooves; and

forming a negative replica of the substrate surface, thereby forming a first and second plurality of parallel raised walls corresponding to the first and second plurality of parallel grooves, whereby the pluralities of intersecting walls define an array of receptacles having generally polygonal apertures.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after step (c), forming a negative replica of the concave lens mold surfaces, thereby forming convex lens mold surfaces capable of forming an array of generally spherical concave microlenses.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the receptacle apertures are rectangular and are defined by a first plurality of parallel walls which are perpendicular to and intersect a second plurality of parallel walls, further comprising, before step Co), the steps of:

providing a first plurality of arcuate grooves in the first plurality of parallel walls, wherein the arcuate grooves are parallel to the second plurality of parallel walls, and wherein each arcuate groove is centered between each pair of adjacent walls in the second plurality of parallel walls; and

providing a second plurality of arcuate grooves in the second plurality of parallel walls, wherein the arcuate grooves are parallel to the first plurality of walls, and wherein each arcuate groove is centered between each pair of adjacent walls in the first plurality of parallel walls.

8. A method of making an array of microlenses having variable focal lengths, comprising:

(a) forming an array of receptacles having generally polygonal apertures, wherein the receptacles are not all of equal depth;

(b) applying a shrinkable, hardenable liquid to the array of receptacles so that the receptacles are substantially filled with the liquid, whereby a plurality of menisci are formed in the receptacles;

(c) shrinking and hardening the liquid to form a plurality of concave lens mold surfaces in the receptacles, wherein deeper concave lens surfaces will result from deeper receptacles and shallower concave lens surfaces will result from shallower receptacles, thereby forming a mold capable of forming a microlens array having a variable focal length;

(d) applying a hardenable lens material to the array; and

(e) hardening the lens material, thereby forming an array of microlenses having variable focal lengths.