Reversible switched reluctance motor operating without a shaft position sensor

• US 5,440,218 A
• Filed: 07/13/1994
• Issued: 08/08/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 07/13/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Oldenkamp, John L.
• Primary Examiner(s): SALATA, ANTHONY J
• Application Number:
  US08/274,488
• Time in Patent Office: 391 Days
• Field of Search: 318/700, 318/701, 318/798-812, 318/254, 318/439, 318/138, 318/685, 318/696, 318/280-286, 318/287-288, 318/291, 318/720
• US Class Current: 318/701
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 25/08 Reluctance motors
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 25/089 Sensorless control direct torque control H02P23/30
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 25/092 Converters specially adapted for controlling reluctance motors
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 25/0925 wherein the converter comprises only one switch per phase

Abstract

A reversible switched reluctance motor and methods therefor. The motor includes a current sensor for sensing the current supplied by a DC link and for producing a current signal having a parameter representative of the current. A controller provides a control signal having a parameter representative of the desired speed and direction of rotation of a rotatable assembly of the motor. A dwell generator provides firing pulses to a converter for driving the motor and varies the duration of each of the firing pulses as a function of the speed and direction parameter and the current parameter. Further, a timing generator, responsive to the speed and direction parameter, generates a timing signal defining a rate dependent on the parameter. The dwell generator varies the pulse rate of the firing pulses as a function of the defined rate of the timing signal and the converter commutates each of the windings for a period of time and at a rate dependent on the duration and pulse rate of the firing pulses. The controller controls the speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly by delaying commutation so that the motor operates as a generator for braking the rotatable assembly and by suitably varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal.

Claims

1. A reversible motor comprising:

a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence so that the rotatable assembly rotates at a desired speed during steady state operation of the motor;

a DC link for supplying a current to the windings;

a converter for commutating the windings with the current supplied to the windings by the DC link in response to firing pulses;

a controller for providing a control signal having a variable parameter representative of the desired speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly;

a timing generator responsive to the speed and direction parameter of the control signal for generating a timing signal defining a rate dependent on said parameter, said controller varying the speed and direction parameter to cause the timing generator to vary the defined rate of the timing signal;

a current sensor for sensing the current supplied by the DC link and for producing a current signal having a parameter representative of said current; and

a dwell generator for providing the firing pulses to the converter at a frequency which is a function of the defined rate of the timing signal;

wherein the dwell generator varies the duration of each of the firing pulses as a function of the speed and direction parameter of the control signal and of the current parameter of the current signal;

wherein the dwell generator varies the frequency of the firing pulses as a function of the defined rate of the timing signal; and

wherein the converter commutates each of the windings for a period of time and at a rate dependent on the duration and frequency of the firing pulses,

whereby the speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly are controlled by suitably varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal.

2. The motor of claim 1:

wherein the dwell generator separately relates a plurality of reference values to a respective plurality of time periods corresponding to the range of possible durations of the firing pulses;

wherein the reference values cover a range of values corresponding to the range of possible current parameters separately multiplied by the range of possible speed and direction parameters; and

wherein the dwell generator sets the duration of the firing pulses as a function of the reference value determined by multiplying the current parameter of the current signal by the speed and direction parameter of the control signal.

3. The motor of claim 1 wherein the controller further comprises a circuit for receiving a directional signal indicating a direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly;

and wherein the controller includes means responsive to the circuit for varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal to cause the timing generator to decrease the defined rate of the timing signal in response to a directional signal which indicates a direction of rotation opposite to that of the direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly.

4. The motor of claim 3 wherein the dwell generator delays the firing pulses in response to the directional signal which indicates a direction of rotation opposite to that of the direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly so that the motor operates as a generator for braking the rotatable assembly during periods of time when the direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly is being reversed.

5. The motor of claim 1 wherein the controller includes a circuit for setting a current threshold during periods of time when the direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly is being reversed;

and wherein the controller includes means responsive to the circuit for varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal to cause the timing generator to increase the defined rate of the timing signal when the current parameter is less than the current threshold and to cause the timing generator to decrease the defined rate of the timing signal when the current parameter is greater than the current threshold.

6. The motor of claim 1 wherein the timing generator comprises a pulse generator so that the timing signal is a series of pulses and wherein the dwell generator provides one firing pulse for each timing pulse generated by the pulse generator.

7. The motor of claim 1 wherein the timing signal comprises a series of timing pulses provided by the timing generator, wherein a first sequence of pulses in the series is provided at a substantially constant frequency defining a rate corresponding to rotation of the rotatable assembly in a first direction, wherein a second sequence of pulses in the series is provided at a varying frequency defining a rate corresponding to deceleration of the rotatable assembly, and wherein a third sequence of pulses in the series is provided at a substantially constant frequency defining a rate corresponding to rotation of the rotatable assembly in a second direction.

8. The motor of claim 1 wherein the motor comprises a reversible switched reluctance drive.

9. An apparatus for controlling a converter for supplying at least one phase of a reversible motor in response to firing pulses, said converter being supplied with a current from a DC link, said motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said apparatus comprising:

a controller for providing a control signal having a variable parameter representative of a desired speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly;

a timing generator responsive to the speed and direction parameter of the control signal for generating a timing signal defining a rate dependent on said parameter, said controller varying the speed and direction parameter to cause the timing generator to vary the defined rate of the timing signal;

a current sensor for sensing the current supplied by the DC link and for producing a current signal having a parameter representative of said current; and

a dwell generator for providing the firing pulses to the converter at a frequency which is a function of the defined rate of the timing signal;

wherein the dwell generator varies the duration of each of the firing pulses as a function of the speed and direction parameter of the control signal and of the current parameter of the current signal;

wherein the dwell generator varies the frequency of the firing pulses as a function of the defined rate of the timing signal; and

wherein the converter commutates each of the windings for a period of time and at a rate dependent on the duration and frequency of the firing pulses,

whereby the speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly are controlled by suitably varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal.

10. The apparatus of claim 9:

wherein the dwell generator separately relates a plurality of reference values to a respective plurality of time periods corresponding to the range of possible durations of the firing pulses;

wherein the reference values cover a range of values corresponding to the range of possible current parameters separately multiplied by the range of possible speed and direction parameters; and

wherein the dwell generator sets the duration of the firing pulses as a function of the reference value determined by multiplying the current parameter of the current signal by the speed and direction parameter of the control signal.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the controller further comprises a circuit for receiving a directional signal indicating a direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly;

and wherein the controller includes means responsive to the circuit for varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal to cause the timing generator to decrease the defined rate of the timing signal in response to a directional signal which indicates a direction of rotation opposite to that of the direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly.

12. The motor of claim 11 wherein the dwell generator delays the firing pulses in response to the directional signal which indicates a direction of rotation opposite to that of the direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly so that the motor operates as a generator for braking the rotatable assembly during periods of time when the direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly is being reversed.

13. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the controller includes a circuit for setting a current threshold during periods of time when the direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly is being reversed;

and wherein the controller includes means responsive to the circuit for varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal to cause the timing generator to increase the defined rate of the timing signal when the current parameter is less than the current threshold and to cause the timing generator to decrease the defined rate of the timing signal when the current parameter is greater than the current threshold.

14. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the timing generator comprises a pulse generator so that the timing signal is a series of pulses and wherein the dwell generator provides one firing pulse for each timing pulse generated by the pulse generator.

15. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the timing signal comprises a series of timing pulses provided by the pulse generator, wherein a first sequence of pulses in the series is provided at a substantially constant frequency defining a rate corresponding to rotation of the rotatable assembly in a first direction, wherein a second sequence of pulses in the series is provided at a varying frequency defining a rate corresponding to deceleration of the rotatable assembly, and wherein a third sequence of pulses in the series is provided at a substantially constant frequency defining a rate corresponding to rotation of the rotatable assembly in a second direction.

16. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the motor comprises a reversible switched reluctance drive.

17. A system for driving a rotatable component comprising:

a reversible motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence so that the rotatable assembly rotates at a desired speed during steady state operation of the motor, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component;

a DC link for supplying a current to the windings;

a converter for commutating the windings with the current supplied to the windings by the DC link in response to firing pulses;

a controller for providing a control signal having a variable parameter representative of the desired speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly;

a timing generator responsive to the speed and direction parameter of the control signal for generating a timing signal defining a rate dependent on said parameter, said controller varying the speed and direction parameter to cause the timing generator to vary the defined rate of the timing signal;

a current sensor for sensing the current supplied by the DC link and for producing a current signal having a parameter representative of said current; and

a dwell generator for providing the firing pulses to the converter at a frequency which is a function of the defined rate of the timing signal;

wherein the dwell generator varies the duration of each of the firing pulses as a function of the speed and direction parameter of the control signal and of the current parameter of the current signal;

wherein the dwell generator varies the frequency of the firing pulses as a function of the defined rate of the timing signal; and

wherein the converter commutates each of the windings for a period of time and at a pulse rate dependent on the duration and frequency of the firing pulses,

whereby the speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly are controlled by suitably varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal.

18. An air conditioning system comprising:

a compressor for circulating a refrigerant through an evaporator;

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence so that the rotatable assembly rotates at a desired speed during steady state operation of the motor, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the compressor for driving the compressor;

a DC link for supplying a current to the windings;

a converter for commutating the windings with the current supplied to the windings by the DC link in response to firing pulses;

a controller for providing a control signal having a variable parameter representative of the desired speed of the rotatable assembly;

a timing generator responsive to the speed parameter of the control signal for generating a timing signal defining a rate dependent on said parameter, said controller varying the speed parameter to cause the timing generator to vary the defined rate of the timing signal;

a current sensor for sensing the current supplied by the DC link and for producing a current signal having a parameter representative of said current; and

a dwell generator for providing the firing pulses to the converter at a frequency which is a function of the defined rate of the timing signal;

wherein the dwell generator varies the duration of each of the firing pulses as a function of the speed parameter of the control signal and of the current parameter of the current signal;

wherein the dwell generator varies the frequency of the firing pulses as a function of the defined rate of the timing signal; and

wherein the converter commutates each of the windings for a period of time and at a pulse rate dependent on the duration and frequency of the firing pulses,

whereby the speed of the rotatable assembly is controlled by suitably varying the speed parameter of the control signal.

19. An open loop method of controlling the speed and direction of rotation of a rotatable assembly in a reversible motor, the motor having a stationary assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the rotatable assembly, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence so that the rotatable assembly rotates at a desired speed during steady state operation of the motor, the motor having a DC link and a converter for commutating the windings with a current supplied by the DC link, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a control signal having a variable parameter representative of the desired speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly;

generating a timing signal defining a rate dependent on the speed and direction parameter of the control signal;

varying the speed and direction parameter thereby to vary the defined rate of the timing signal;

sensing the current supplied by the DC link and producing a current signal having a parameter representative of said current; and

providing firing pulses to the converter having a duration which is varied as a function of the speed and direction parameter of the control signal and of the current parameter of the current signal and having a frequency which is varied as a function of the defined rate of the timing signal; and

wherein the converter commutates each of the windings for a period of time and at a pulse rate dependent on the duration and frequency of the firing pulses,

whereby the speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly are controlled by suitably varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the step of providing firing pulses includes the steps of:

separately relating a plurality of reference values to a respective plurality of time periods corresponding to the range of possible durations of the firing pulses, the reference values covering a range of values corresponding to the range of possible current parameters separately multiplied by the range of possible speed and direction parameters; and

setting the duration of the firing pulses as a function of the reference value determined by multiplying the current parameter of the current signal by the speed and direction parameter of the control signal.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein the step of providing a control signal includes the steps of:

receiving a directional signal indicating a direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly; and

varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal so that the defined rate of the timing signal decreases in response to a directional signal which indicates a direction of rotation opposite to that of the direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly.

22. The method of claim 21 further comprising the step of delaying the firing pulses in response to the directional signal which indicates a direction of rotation opposite to that of the direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly so that the motor operates as a generator for braking the rotatable assembly during periods of time when the direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly is being reversed.

23. The method of claim 19 wherein the step of providing a control signal includes the steps of:

setting a current threshold during periods of time when the direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly is being reversed; and

varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal so that the defined rate of the timing signal increases when the current parameter is less than the current threshold and decreases when the current parameter is greater than the current threshold.

24. The method of claim 19 wherein the timing signal is a series of pulses and wherein the step of providing firing pulses provides one firing pulse for each timing pulse generated.

25. The method of claim 19 wherein the step of generating a timing signal includes providing a series of timing pulses, wherein a first sequence of pulses in the series is provided at a substantially constant frequency defining a rate corresponding to rotation of the rotatable assembly in a first direction, wherein a second sequence of pulses in the series is provided at a varying frequency defining a rate corresponding to deceleration of the rotatable assembly, and wherein a third sequence of pulses in the series is provided at a substantially constant frequency defining a rate corresponding to rotation of the rotatable assembly in a second direction.

26. A method of controlling a converter for supplying at least one phase of a reversible motor in response to firing pulses, the converter being supplied with a current from a DC link, the motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a control signal having a variable parameter representative of the desired speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly;

generating a timing signal defining a rate dependent on the speed and direction parameter of the control signal;

varying the speed and direction parameter thereby to vary the defined rate of the timing signal;

sensing the current supplied by the DC link and producing a current signal having a parameter representative of said current; and

providing the firing pulses to the converter having a duration which is varied as a function of the speed and direction parameter of the control signal and of the current parameter of the current signal and having a frequency which is varied as a function of the defined rate of the timing signal; and

wherein the converter commutates each of the windings for a period of time and at a pulse rate dependent on the duration and frequency of the firing pulses,

whereby the speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly are controlled by suitably varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal.

27. A method of controlling a reversible motor for driving a rotatable component, the motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, the stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence so that the rotatable assembly rotates at a desired speed during steady state operation of the motor, the rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, the motor having a DC link and a converter for commutating the windings with a current supplied by the DC link, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a control signal having a variable parameter representative of the desired speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly;

generating a timing signal defining a rate dependent on the speed and direction parameter of the control signal;

varying the speed and direction parameter thereby to vary the defined rate of the timing signal;

sensing the current supplied by the DC link and producing a current signal having a parameter representative of said current; and

providing the firing pulses to the converter having a duration which is varied as a function of the speed and direction parameter of the control signal and of the current parameter of the current signal and having a frequency which is varied as a function of the defined rate of the timing signal; and

wherein the converter commutates each of the windings for a period of time and at a pulse rate dependent on the duration and frequency of the firing pulses,

whereby the speed and direction of rotation of the rotatable assembly are controlled by suitably varying the speed and direction parameter of the control signal.

28. A method of operating an air conditioning system including a compressor for circulating a refrigerant through an evaporator and a motor in driving relation to the compressor, the motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the rotatable assembly, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence so that the rotatable assembly rotates at a desired speed during steady state operation of the motor, the motor having a DC link and a converter for commutating the windings with a current supplied by the DC link, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a control signal having a variable parameter representative of the desired speed of the rotatable assembly;

generating a timing signal defining a rate dependent on the speed parameter of the control signal;

varying the speed parameter thereby to vary the defined rate of the timing signal;

sensing the current supplied by the DC link and producing a current signal having a parameter representative of said current; and

providing the firing pulses to the converter having a duration which is varied as a function of the speed parameter of the control signal and of the current parameter of the current signal and having a frequency which is varied as a function of the defined rate of the timing signal; and

wherein the converter commutates each of the windings for a period of time and at a pulse rate dependent on the duration and frequency of the firing pulses,

whereby the speed of the rotatable assembly is controlled by suitably varying the speed parameter of the control signal.

29. A motor comprising:

a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation thereto, said stationary assembly including windings adapted to be commutated in at least one preselected sequence so that the rotatable assembly rotates at a desired speed;

a DC link for supplying a current to the windings;

a converter for commutating the windings with the current supplied to the windings by the DC link in response to firing pulses;

a controller for providing a control signal having a variable parameter representative of the desired speed of the rotatable assembly;

a timing generator responsive to the speed parameter of the control signal for generating a timing signal defining a rate dependent on said parameter, said controller varying the speed parameter to cause the timing generator to vary the defined rate of the timing signal;

a current sensor for sensing the current supplied by the DC link and for producing a current signal having a parameter representative of said current; and

a dwell generator for providing the firing pulses to the converter at a frequency which is a function of the defined rate of the timing signal;

wherein the dwell generator varies the duration of each of the firing pulses as a function of the speed parameter of the control signal and of the current parameter of the current signal;

wherein the dwell generator varies the frequency of the firing pulses as a function of the defined rate of the timing signal; and

wherein the converter commutates each of the windings for a period of time and at a rate dependent on the duration and frequency of the firing pulses,

whereby the speed of the rotatable assembly is controlled by suitably varying the speed parameter of the control signal without the need for a position sensor sensing the position of the rotatable assembly.