Method and apparatus for controlling a mixed voltage interface in a multivoltage system

• US 5,440,244 A
• Filed: 11/08/1993
• Issued: 08/08/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 02/10/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cirrus Logic International Ltd (Cirrus Logic Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Cirrus Logic Incorporated
• Inventors: Smith, Stephen A., Singhal, Dave M., Clark, Jerry L., Kashmiri, Abdul Q., Assar, Mike, Richter, Bryan M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Westin, Edward P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Sanders, Andrew
• Application Number:
  US08/149,061
• Time in Patent Office: 638 Days
• Field of Search: 326/37-38, 326/121, 326/80-81, 326/68, 326/58, 326/83, 326/86
• US Class Current: 326/37
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/11898 Input and output buffer/driver structures
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 19/0027 in field effect transistor circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 19/00315 in field-effect transistor circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 19/018521 of complementary type, e.g. CMOS
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 19/018585 programmable
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 19/018592 with a bidirectional operation
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/0018 Special modifications or use of the back gate voltage of a FET

Abstract

The design and implementation of a low power CMOS bi-directional I/O buffer that translates low voltage core logic level signals into the highest logic level signals to drive the final output stage which outputs a selectable logic level signal. The buffer further translates input signals of a variety of logic levels into low voltage core logic level signals. In either case, AC and DC power consumption is minimized in a mixed power supply environment that requires voltage translation to represent the proper binary logic levels. An multivoltage I/O buffer having multiple input-receiving NOR gates is also described. The NOR gates of the multivoltage I/O buffer having triggering levels optimized for differing core voltage levels. Also described is a host adapted system for interfacing between and removable peripheral card and a host computer. The host adaptor includes an integrated circuit employing the multivoltage bi-directional I/O buffer.

Claims

1. A receiver for receiving signals along an input line, said receiver being within an integrated circuit having core circuitry operating at a core voltage power level, said receiver comprising:

a first NOR gate having a first input connected to said input line and a second input connected to a first gate enable line, said first NOR gate having a triggering level set to a first triggering level;

a second NOR gate having a first input connected to said input line and a second input connected to a second gate enable line, said second NOR gate having a triggering level set to a second triggering level;

a third NOR gate having first and second inputs connected to outputs of said first and second NOR gates respectively, and an output connected to an output line connected to the core circuitry of the integrated circuit;

said first, second and third NOR gates being powered at said core voltage power level; and

means for transmitting a NOR gate enable signal to one of said first and second NOR gates along a respective gate enable line for enabling one of said first and second NOR gates.

2. The receiver of claim 1, wherein said core voltage is set to one of two predetermined levels and said first and second triggering levels of said first and second NOR gates are set to levels optimized for converting signals from input voltages to said core voltage.

3. The receiver of claim 2, wherein said core voltage is either 3.3 V or 5.0 V and wherein said first triggering level is about 1.4 V and said second triggering level is about 1.6 V.

4. The receiver of claim 1, further comprising additional NOR gates connected in parallel between said input line and said third NOR gate, said additional NOR gates having differing triggering levels.

5. A receiver for receiving binary signals along an input line, said binary signals including high and low signals, said receiver being within in an integrated circuit having core circuitry operating at a core voltage power level, said receiver comprising:

a first signal receiving means for receiving the binary signal along said input line and for translating said binary signal to signal levels corresponding to the core voltage level, said first signal receiving means having a triggering level set for distinguishing between high and low signals received along said input line, said triggering level being set to a first triggering voltage optimized for a first internal core voltage level;

a second signal receiving means for receiving the binary signal along said input line and for translating said binary signal to signal levels corresponding to the core voltage level, said second signal receiving means having a triggering level set for distinguishing between high and low signals received along said input line, said triggering level being set to a second triggering voltage optimized for a second internal core voltage level;

enabling means for enabling operation of one of said first and second receiving means, said enabling means enabling said first receiving means if said core voltage is at said first level and enabling said second receiving means if said core voltage is at said second level.

6. The receiver of claim 5, wherein said core voltage is either 3.3 V or 5.0 V and wherein said first triggering level is about 1.4 V and said second triggering level is about 1.6 V.

7. The receiver of claim 5, further comprising additional signal receiving means connected in parallel with said first and second signal receiving means, said additional signal receiving means having differing triggering levels from said first and second signal receiving means.

8. A receiver for receiving signals along an input line, said receiver being within in an integrated circuit having core circuitry operating at a core voltage power level, said receiver comprising:

a plurality of two-input NOR gates connected in parallel to said input line, each of said NOR gates having a first input connected to said input line and a second input connected to a respective gate enable line, each of said NOR gates having a different triggering voltage level;

a multiple-input NOR gate having a plurality of inputs each connected to an output of a respective one of said plurality of two-input NOR gates, said multiple-input NOR gate having an output connected to an output line connected to the core circuitry of the integrated circuit;

with

each of said two-input NOR gates and said multiple-input NOR gate being powered at said core voltage power level; and

means for transmitting a NOR gate enable signal to one of said two-input NOR gates along a respective gate enable line for enabling one of said two-input NOR gates.

9. The receiver of claim 8, wherein said core voltage is set to one of a plurality of predetermined levels and said triggering levels of said two-input NOR gates are set to levels optimized for converting signals from input voltages to respective core voltages.

10. The receiver of claim 8, wherein said core voltage is either 3.3 V or 5.0 V and wherein a triggering level of a first of said two-input NOR gates is about 1.4 V and a triggering level of a second of said two-input NOR gates is about 1.6 V.

11. The receiver of claim 8, wherein said core voltage is one of 5.0 V, 3.3 V, 2.7 V, 2.5 V, or 2.0 V.

12. The receiver of claim 8, wherein one or more of said two-input NOR gates has a triggering level optimized for one of several predetermined integrated circuit fabrication methodologies.

13. A method for receiving signals along an input line within an integrated circuit having core circuitry operating at a core voltage power level, said method comprising the steps of:

determining the core voltage power level;

passing an input signal through a first NOR gate having a voltage triggering level set to a first voltage level, if said core voltage is at the first voltage level;

passing an input signal through a second NOR gate having a voltage triggering level set to a second voltage level, if said core voltage is at the second voltage level;

passing an output of either said first or second NOR gates through a third NOR gate; and

transmitting an output of said third NOR gate to the core circuitry of the integrated circuit.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said core voltage is either 3.3 V or 5.0 V and wherein said triggering level of said first NOR gate is about 1.4 V and said triggering level of said second NOR gate is about 1.6 V.

15. A method for receiving signals along an input line within in an integrated circuit having core circuitry operating at a core voltage power level, using a set of NOR gates having respective triggering levels optimized for different core voltage levels, said method comprising the steps of:

determining the core voltage power level;

selecting one of said set of NOR gate receivers for receiving said binary signals, with said one NOR gate receiver being selected based on the triggering level of the NOR gate and the core voltage level; and

receiving said binary signal using said selected NOR gate receiver.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said core voltage is either 3.3 V or 5.0 V and wherein a triggering level of a first of said two-input NOR gates is about 1.4 V and a triggering level of a second of said two input NOR gates is about 1.6 V.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein one or more of said two-input NOR gates has a triggering level optimized for one of several predetermined integrated circuit fabrication methodologies, and wherein said method incudes the steps of:

detecting the fabrication methodology used to fabricate said integrated circuit; and

selecting one of said set of NOR gate receivers for receiving said binary signals, with said one NOR gate receiver being selected based on the detected fabrication methodology and the triggering level voltage.