Optical fiber connector bypass device and method using same

• US 5,440,655 A
• Filed: 12/29/1993
• Issued: 08/08/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 12/29/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: AT&T Corporation (AT&T, Inc.)
• Inventors: Pimpinella, Richard J., Kaplow, Wesley K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Healy, Brian
• Application Number:
  US08/174,993
• Time in Patent Office: 587 Days
• Field of Search: 385/16, 385/17, 385/18, 385/24, 385/25, 385/27, 385/32, 385/36, 385/35, 385/46, 385/47, 385/65, 385/48, 385/70, 385/73, 385/71, 385/83, 385/76, 385/77, 385/65, 385/139
• US Class Current: 385/25
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/352 the reflective optical element having a shaped reflective surface, e.g. a reflective element comprising several reflective surfaces or facets that function together
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3528 the optical element being a prism
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3546 NxM switch, i.e. a regular array of switches elements of matrix type constellation
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3562 Switch of the bypass type, i.e. enabling a change of path in a network, e.g. to bypass a failed element in the network
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3582 Housing means or package or arranging details of the switching elements, e.g. for thermal isolation
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/381 of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3827 Wrap-back connectors, i.e. containing a fibre having an U shape

Abstract

A method and apparatus for changing the path of an optical signal are disclosed. An optical bypass device having an optical input and output, and a waveguiding region optically connecting the input and output, is used to form a multiplicity of improved connectors and switches. In a first embodiment of the device, the waveguiding region comprises a plurality of reflective surfaces. In a second embodiment, the waveguiding region comprises a core of optically suitable material and a layer of cladding, where the relationship between the refractive index of the core and cladding is such that an optical signal may be guided by the core. The optical bypass device is integrated, with and without actuating means, into various connectors to provide loopback of an optical signal when a connector is demated.

Claims

1. A retracting optical fiber connector comprising:

first and second connector members, each comprising a first and second waveguide, each waveguide defining an optical path, where the connector members are configured so that the first and second waveguide of the first connector member align and optically engage the first and second waveguide of the second connector member, and where at least the first connector member further comprises a retractable housing having a first and second position, where in the first position when the connector members are not engaged, the retractable housing prevents access to the waveguides of that connector member, and in a second position the retractable housing, actuated by surface features of the other connector member, is positioned to allow mating engagement of the connector members; and

a bypass device comprising an optical waveguiding region, where the waveguiding region is configured to direct an optical communication signal from the first waveguide of the first connector member to the second waveguide of the first connector member;

where the bypass device is connected to the retractable housing and oriented so that where the retractable housing is in the first position, the bypass device is positioned to engage the optical paths defined by the waveguides of the connector member, and where the retractable housing is in the second position, the bypass device does not engage the optical path defined by any of the waveguides.

2. The retracting fiber optic connector of claim 1 where the optical waveguiding region of the bypass device comprises a plurality of reflective surfaces.

3. The retracting fiber optic connector of claim 1 where the optical waveguiding region of the bypass device comprises a core of optically suitable material and at least first layer of cladding, where the relationship between the refractive index of the core and the refractive index of the cladding is such that an optical signal may be guided by the core.

4. The fiber optic connector of claim 1 further comprising vee-grooves, wherein the bypass device is configured to be received by the vee grooves.

5. A fiber optic connector comprising:

a first and a second connector member, where the first connector member comprises a first and a second waveguide and said second connector comprises a first and a second waveguide, the connector members being configured to engage each other such that the first waveguide from the first connector member aligns with and optically engages the first waveguide from the second connector member, and the second waveguide from the first connector member aligns with and optically engages the second waveguide from the second connector member; and

a bypass device comprising an optical waveguiding region, where the waveguiding region is configured to receive and loopback an optical communication signal from the first waveguide of the first connector member to the second waveguide of the first connector member, and wherein the bypass device is configured to be received by at least the first or second connector member to receive the optical communication signal;

where the connector has two states, a bar state in which the bypass device is in a first position in which the waveguiding region of the bypass device receives the optical communication signal causing loopback, and a cross state where the bypass device is in a second position in which the waveguiding region of the bypass device does not receive the optical communication signal so that the optical beam passes from the first waveguide of the first connector member to the first waveguide of the second connector member.

6. The fiber optic connector of claim 5 where the optical waveguiding region of the bypass device comprises a plurality of reflective surfaces.

7. The fiber optic connector of claim 5 where the optical waveguiding region of the bypass device comprises a core of optically suitable material and at least first layer of cladding, where the relationship between the refractive index of the core and the refractive index of the cladding is such that an optical signal may be guided by the core.

8. The fiber optic connector of claim 5 further comprising an actuating device which cooperates with the bypass device to place the connector in the bar state when the cross state cannot be maintained.

9. The fiber optic connector of claim 8 where the actuating device responds to an actuating signal.

10. The fiber optic connector of claim 8 where the actuating device comprises a member which positions the bypass device to engage the optical communication signal when the connector members are separated, which member does not respond to an actuating signal.

11. The fiber optic connector of claim 5 wherein the first and second waveguides of the first and second connector members are located in grooves, and wherein the bypass device is configured to be received by the grooves of at least the first or second connector member to receive the optical communication signal.

12. The fiber optic connector of claim 11 wherein the grooves are vee grooves.

13. An optical bypass connector comprising:

female and male connector members, each comprising a first and a second waveguide;

said connector members being configured to engage each other such that the first waveguide from the male connector member aligns with and optically engages the first waveguide of the female member defining a first optical signal path and the second waveguide from the female connector member aligns with and optically engages the second waveguide of the male connector member defining a second optical signal path;

a bypass device configured to receive and direct optical communication signals from the first waveguide of the male connector member to the second waveguide of the male connector member, and to receive and direct the optical communication signals from the second waveguide of the female connector member to the first waveguide of the female connector member, and wherein the bypass device is configured to be received by at least the male or female connector member to receive the optical communication signals;

an actuator coupled to the bypass device and configured to place the bypass device in a first and a second position, where in the first position the bypass device does not engage the optical signal paths defined by the mated connector members, and in the second position the bypass device engages the optical signal paths, thereby receiving and causing loopback of the optical communication signals.

14. The optical bypass connector of claim 13 wherein the first and second waveguide of the female and male connector members are located in grooves and wherein the bypass device is further configured to be received by the grooves of at least the female or male connector member to receive the optical communication signals.

15. The optical bypass connector of claim 13 where, in the presence of a signal, the actuator maintains the bypass device in the first position, and in the absence of the signal, the bypass device is placed in the second position.

16. The optical bypass connector of claim 13 where the connector is configured for use in a FDDI network.

17. The optical bypass connector of claim 13 where the actuator is an electrically activated solenoid wherein a spring is used to exert a pressure on a shaft connected to the bypass device.

18. The optical bypass connector of claim 13 where the optical waveguiding region of the bypass device comprises a plurality of reflective surfaces.

19. The optical bypass connector of claim 13 where the optical waveguiding region of the bypass device comprises a core of optically suitable material and at least first layer of cladding, where the relationship between the refractive index of the core and the refractive index of the cladding is such that an optical signal may be guided by the core.

20. The optical bypass connector of claim 14 wherein the grooves are vee grooves.

21. A optical bypass connector comprising:

a first and a second male connector member, each male connector member comprising a first and a second waveguide;

a female connector member configured to receive the first and the second male connector members so that the waveguides of the first male connector member align with and optically engage the waveguides of the second male connector member, defining two optical paths;

a bypass device configured to receive and direct one or more optical signals from the first waveguide of the first and second male connector members to the second waveguide of each of the first and second connector members, where the second waveguide receives the optical signal from the first waveguide located on the same male connector member, and wherein the bypass device is configured to be received by the female connector member to receive the optical signals; and

an actuator coupled to the bypass device, the actuator having a first and a second position, where in the first position, the bypass device engages the optical paths and receives the optical signals, and in a second position, the bypass device does not engage the optical paths.

22. The optical bypass connector of claim 21 where the optical waveguiding region of the bypass device comprises a plurality of reflective surfaces.

23. The optical bypass connector of claim 21 where the optical waveguiding region of the bypass device comprises a core of optically suitable material and at least first layer of cladding, where the relationship between the refractive index of the core and the refractive index of the cladding is such that an optical signal may be guided by the core.

24. The optical bypass connector of claim 21 wherein the female connector member has grooves and wherein the bypass device is configured to be received by the grooves of the female connector member to receive the one or more optical signals.

25. The optical bypass connector of claim 24 wherein the grooves are vee grooves.

26. A selector switch comprising:

first and second connector members;

the first connector member comprising a first waveguide, the second connector member comprising a first and second waveguide;

the connector members being adapted to engage each other such that the first waveguide from the first connector member aligns with and optically engages the first waveguide of the second connector member defining a first optical path;

a bypass device configured to receive and direct an optical signal from the first waveguide of the first connector to the second waveguide of the second connector, defining a second optical path, and wherein the bypass device is configured to be received by at least the first or second connector member to receive the optical signal;

an actuator coupled to the bypass device to place the bypass device in a first and a second position, wherein in the first position, the bypass device engages the first optical path thereby receiving the optical signal and directing said optical signal from the first optical path to the second optical path, and, in the second position, the bypass device does not engage the first optical path.

27. The selector switch of claim 26 further comprising a plurality of bypass devices for selectively directing an optical signal to any one of a multiplicity of waveguides.

28. The selector switch of claim 26 where the optical waveguiding region of the bypass device comprises a plurality of reflective surfaces.

29. The selector switch of claim 26 where the optical waveguiding region of the bypass device comprises a core of optically suitable material and at least first layer of cladding, where the relationship between the refractive index of the core and the refractive index of the cladding is such that an optical signal may be guided by the core.

58. The selector switch of claim 26 wherein the first waveguide of the connector member is located in a groove, and the first and second waveguide the second connector member are located in grooves and wherein the bypass device is further configured to be received by the grooves of at least the first or second connector member to receive the optical signal.

30. An optical bypass device for use in conjunction with a fiber connector to provide optical rerouting of an optical signal, wherein the optical bypass device is an arrangement comprising:

an optical input;

an optical output; and

an optical waveguiding region optically connecting the optical input and the optical output;

where the optical waveguiding region comprises two or more reflective surfaces or a core of optically suitable material and at least a first layer of cladding, where the relationship between the refractive index of the core and the refractive index of the cladding is such that an optical signal may be guided by the core, and wherein the arrangement is configured to be received by the fiber connector.

31. The optical bypass device of claim 30 where the optical waveguiding region is configured so that the rerouted optical signal leaving the optical output has a direction of travel opposite to that of the optical signal entering the optical input of the optical bypass device.

32. The optical bypass device of claim 30 wherein the fiber connector comprises at least one groove, and wherein the arrangement is configured to be received by the at least one groove.

33. The optical bypass device of claim 32 wherein the groove is a vee groove.

34. The optical bypass device of claim 30 wherein the optical bypass device further comprises a stem for attachment to a positioning means.

35. The optical bypass device of claim 30 further comprising a means for positioning the optical bypass device to engage an optical signal.

36. An optical bypass device for use in conjunction with a fiber connector to provide optical rerouting of at least two optical signals, wherein the optical bypass device is an arrangement comprising:

a first surface having an optical input and an optical output;

a second surface having an optical input and an optical output;

a first optical waveguiding region optically connecting the optical input of the first surface and the optical output of the first surface; and

a second optical waveguiding region optically connecting the optical input of the second surface and the optical output of the second surface;

where the first and second optical waveguiding regions comprise two or more reflective surfaces or a core of optically suitable material and at least a first layer of cladding, where the relationship between the refractive index of the core and the refractive index of the cladding is such that an optical signal may be guided by the core, and wherein the arrangement is configured to be received by the fiber connector.

37. The optical bypass device of claim 36 wherein the fiber connector comprises at least one groove, and wherein the arrangement is configured to be received by the at least one groove.

38. The optical bypass device of claim 36 wherein at least the first optical waveguiding region of the optical bypass device comprises two or more reflective surfaces.

39. The optical bypass device of claim 36 wherein at least the first optical waveguiding region of the optical bypass device comprises a core of optically suitable material and at least first layer of cladding, where the relationship between the refractive index of the core and the refractive index of the cladding is such that an optical signal may be guided by the core.

40. The optical bypass device of claim 37 wherein the at least one groove is a vee groove.

41. The optical bypass device of claim 36 wherein the optical bypass device further comprises a stem for attachment to a positioning means.

42. The optical bypass device of claim 36 further comprising a means for positioning the optical bypass device to engage an optical signal.

43. An optical bypass device for use in conjunction with an optical connector for switching an optical signal from a first optical path to a second optical path, where the optical signal has the same direction of travel, relative to the optical bypass device, along the first and second optical path, and where the second optical path is laterally displaced relative to the first optical path, wherein the optical bypass device is an arrangement comprising:

a first surface having an optical inlet for receiving the optical signal propagating along the first optical path;

a second surface having an optical outlet for delivering the optical signal to the second optical path; and

a waveguiding region optically connecting the optical input and the optical output,

where the optical waveguiding region comprises two or more reflective surfaces or a core of optically suitable material and at least a first layer of cladding, where the relationship between the refractive index of the core and the refractive index of the cladding is such that an optical signal may be guided by the core, and wherein the arrangement is configured to be received by the optical connector.

44. The optical bypass device of claim 43 wherein the optical connector comprises at least one groove, and wherein the arrangement is configured to be received by the at least one groove.

45. The optical bypass device of claim 44 wherein the at least one groove is a vee groove.

46. The optical bypass device of claim 43 wherein the optical bypass device further comprises a stem for attachment to a positioning means.

47. The optical bypass device of claim 43 further comprising a means for positioning the optical bypass device to engage an optical signal.

48. A method for providing loopback of an optical signal propagating along a first optical path defined by optically communicating waveguides of a first and second connector member, mated to form an optical connector, where each connector member has at least a first and a second waveguide, comprising:

providing an arrangement for waveguiding, which arrangement is configured to be received by at least one of the first and second connector members;

placing the arrangement in the first optical path; and

utilizing the arrangement for waveguiding to divert the optical signal from the first optical path to a second optical path defined by the first and second waveguide of the first or second connector member.

49. The method of claim 48 wherein the step of providing an arrangement for waveguiding further comprises configuring at least two reflective surfaces to receive the optical signal propagating along the first waveguide of a connector member and to direct the optical signal to the second waveguide of the connector member.

50. The method of claim 49 wherein the step of utilizing the arrangement for waveguiding to divert the optical signal further comprises reflecting the optical signal off the at least two of the reflective surfaces.

51. The method of claim 48 wherein the step of providing an arrangement for waveguiding further comprises configuring a core of optically suitable material to receive the optical signal propagating along the first waveguide of a connector member and to direct the optical signal to the second waveguide of the connector member.

52. The method of claim 51 wherein the step of utilizing the arrangement for waveguiding further comprises reflecting the optical signal through the core of optically suitable material.

53. The method of claim 48 wherein the step of placing the arrangement in the first optical path further comprises providing an actuator.

59. The method of claim 48 wherein the at least first and a second waveguide of the first and second connector member are located in grooves, and wherein the arrangement is configured to be received by the grooves of at least the first or second connector member;

54. A method for switching between optical signal paths wherein a first and a second signal path, each of which optical signal paths define a cross state, are provided for an optical communication signal, wherein the first and second optical signal path are provided by optically communicating waveguides located on complementary connector members, comprising:

(a) providing a first arrangement for waveguiding having an optical input and an optical output for the optical communication signal, the first arrangement for waveguiding being configured so that the when the optical input optically engages the first optical signal path, the optical output optically engages the second optical signal path, and wherein the first arrangement for waveguiding is further configured to be received by at least one of the complementary connector members to optically engage the first optical signal path;

(b) optically engaging the optical input of the first arrangement for waveguiding with the optical communication signal;

(c) utilizing the first arrangement for waveguiding to divert the optical communication signal from the optical input to the optical output of the first arrangement for waveguiding; and

(d) delivering the optical communication signal to the second signal path.

55. The method of claim 54 further comprising the step of optically disengaging the optical input of the first arrangement for waveguiding from the optical communication signal.

56. The method of claim 54 where a third optical signal path is provided comprising:

(e) providing a second arrangement for waveguiding having an optical input and an optical output for the optical communication signal, the second arrangement for waveguiding being configured so that the when the optical input optically engages the optical output of the first arrangement for waveguiding, the optical output optically engages the third optical signal path, and wherein the second arrangement for waveguiding is further configured to be received by at least one of the complementary connector members to optically engage the second optical signal path;

(f) optically engaging the optical input of the second arrangement for waveguiding with the optical output of the first arrangement for waveguiding so that the optical input of the second arrangement for waveguiding receives the optical communication signal;

(g) utilizing the second arrangement for waveguiding to divert the optical communication signal from the optical input to the optical output of the second arrangement for waveguiding; and

(h) delivering the optical communication signal to the third optical signal path.

57. The method of claim 56 further comprising the step of optically disengaging the second arrangement for waveguiding from the optical communication signal.

60. The method of claim 54 wherein the complementary connector members further comprise grooves, the optically communicating waveguides being located in said grooves, and wherein the first arrangement for waveguiding is further configured to be received by the grooves of at least one of the complementary connector members to engage the first optical signal path.