High incision velocity vibrating scalpel structure and method

• US 5,441,512 A
• Filed: 08/06/1993
• Issued: 08/15/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 09/24/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Detroit Neurosurgical Foundation
• Original Assignee: Joseph J. Berke
• Inventors: Muller, George H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Burr, Edgar S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hilten, John S.
• Application Number:
  US08/102,849
• Time in Patent Office: 739 Days
• Field of Search: 606/169, 606/171, 606/174, 606/751, 30/44, 30/45
• US Class Current: 606/169
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/32 Surgical cutting instruments A61B18/042 takes precedence; suture cutters A61B17/0467; instruments for ligaturing or cutting A61B17/128; instruments for rupturing the amniotic membrane A61B17/4208; specially adapted knives for eye surgery A61F9/0133
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/320082 for incising tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/30 Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure
• CPC Class Codes: B26B 7/00 Hand knives with reciprocating motor-driven blades

Abstract

High incision velocity vibrating scalpel structure and method comprising motor means including a motor having a drive shaft rotatable on energizing the motor, an eccentric fly wheel secured to the drive shaft for rotation therewith and scalpel blade support structure rigidly secured to the motor, all resiliently mounted in an elongated hollow body member, to which motor means a scalpel blade may be secured and vibrated on energizing of the motor means to rotate the fly wheel and alternating or direct current means for selectively energizing the motor. A resilient pivot may also be provided for the motor means and a resilient boot is provided over one end of the body member between the body member and motor means for sealing the one end of the body member. In use, on energizing the motor means, the motor means, scalpel blade support structure and scalpel blade are caused to vibrate at a high velocity to incise tissue with the scalpel blade. Movement of the scalpel blade is primarily arcuately about the pivot mounting for the motor means, and thus is primarily perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft, to a lesser extent longitudinally of the high incision velocity scalpel structure.

Claims

1. Scalpel structure comprising a body member, motor means within the body members, said motor means having a longitudinal axis and including a motor, a scalpel blade support structure rigidly secured to the motor, a substantially flat scalpel blade rigidly secured to the scalpel blade support structure, said blade support structure extending exteriorly of the body member and having a longitudinal axis parallel to a longitudinal axis of the body member, means for vibrating the motor means on energizing the motor, said means for vibrating being connected to the motor means, pivot means including a fixed pivot axis extending perpendicularly of the longitudinal axis of the motor means, said pivot means pivotally supporting the motor means from the body member for reciprocating pivotal movement of the motor means and scalpel blade in the plane of the scalpel blade and in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pivot means on energizing the motor, and means connected to the motor for energizing the motor.

2. Structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the means for vibrating the motor means includes a rotationally unbalanced weight having an axis of rotation connected to the motor for rotation on energization of the motor.

3. Structure as set forth in claim 2 wherein the rotationally unbalanced weight is an eccentrically mounted fly wheel.

4. Structure as set forth in claim 2 wherein the rotationally unbalanced weight is constructed of material having separate portions of different density.

5. Structure as set forth in claim 2 wherein the rotationally unbalanced weight is not symmetrical about its axis of rotation.

6. Structure as set forth in claim 2 and further including resilient means operably associated with the motor means and body member for resiliently mounting the motor means in the body member.

7. Structure as set forth in claim 2 wherein the means for energizing the motor is a source of direct current electrical energy.

8. Structure as set forth in claim 2 wherein the means for energizing the motor includes a source of alternating current electrical energy.

9. Structure as set forth in claim 2, wherein the motor is a rotary motor.

10. Structure as set forth in claim 2, wherein the pivot means is a cylindrical structure having an axis of generation and extends into the body member on the axis of generation, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body member and motor means, and further including a cylindrical passage through the motor means perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the motor means receiving the cylindrical structure for rotation relative to the body member on the axis of the cylindrical structure on energizing of the motor means.

11. Structure as set forth in claim 10, wherein the cylindrical structure is two threaded cylindrical pins extending through the body member from opposite sides and having inner end portions which are unthreaded extending within the cylindrical passage through the motor means on which the motor means pivots.

12. Structure as set forth in claim 2 and further including resilient means between the motor means and pivot means, resiliently mounting the motor means on the pivot means.

13. Structure as set forth in claim 2 and further including a seal between the body member and the part of the scalpel blade support structure extending out of the body member.

14. Vibrating scalpel structure comprising an elongated hollow body member having a longitudinal axis, elongated motor means within the body member having a longitudinal axis substantially congruent with the longitudinal axis of the body member, said motor means including a motor and scalpel blade support structure rigidly secured to the motor, said support structure including a part extending out of one end of the body member, a substantially flat elongated scalpel blade, said blade rigidly secured to the scalpel blade support structure exteriorly of the one end of the body member, said blade having a longitudinally extending axis substantially congruent with the longitudinal axis of the body member and the motor means and a longitudinally extending cutting edge, means for vibrating the motor means on energizing the motor, said means for vibrating being operably connected to the motor means, pivot means having a fixed pivot axis extending perpendicularly of the longitudinal axis of the body member, motor means and scalpel blade, said pivot means pivotally supporting the motor means from the body member for arcuate reciprocating, pivotal movement of the motor means and scalpel blade in the plane of the scalpel blade in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pivot means on energizing the motor and means connected to the motor for energizing the motor.

15. High incision velocity vibrating scalpel structure comprising an elongated hollow body member having a longitudinal axis, one end of which is adapted to fit the hand of a surgeon, elongated motor means, said motor means within the body member having a longitudinal axis substantially congruent with the longitudinal axis of the body member, and including a cylindrical passage extending therethrough perpendicular to the longitudinal axis thereof, said motor means including a rotary motor having a motor shaft and scalpel blade support structure rigidly secured to the motor, said support structure including a part extending out of the one end of the body member, a substantially flat elongated scalpel blade rigidly secured to the scalpel blade support structure exteriorly of the one end of the body member, said blade having a longitudinally extending axis substantially congruent with the longitudinal axis of the body member and the motor means and a cutting edge extending substantially parallel to the longitudinally extending axis, means for vibrating the motor means on energizing the motor connected to the motor means including a rotationally unbalanced flywheel rigidly secured to the motor shaft, pivot means having a fixed pivot axis comprising a pair of screws extending through the body member perpendicularly of the longitudinal axis of the body member, motor means and scalpel blade and into the cylindrical passage through the motor means said pivot means pivotally supporting the motor means from the body member for arcuate reciprocating pivotal movement of the motor means and scalpel blade in the plane of the scalpel blade in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pivot means on energizing the motor, means resiliently mounting the motor means in the body member, resiliently mounting the motor means on the pivot means, means for sealing between the one end of the body member and the scalpel blade support structure, and means connected to the motor for energizing the motor.

16. The method of producing vibration of a surgical scalpel blade comprising the steps of:

pivotally mounting an elongated motor means having a longitudinal axis, said motor means including a motor with means for vibrating the motor means on energizing the motor, and scalpel blade support structure, said support structure rigidly secured to the motor, within an elongated hollow body member having a longitudinal axis with the axii substantially congruent and with one end of the scalpel blade support structure extending out of one end of the body member, mounting said support structure on pivot means having a fixed pivot axis extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the body member and motor means;

rigidly securing a substantially flat elongated scalpel blade having a cutting edge and a longitudinal axis to the motor means with the longitudinal axis of the scalpel blade and cutting edge extending substantially parallel to the axis of the body member and scalpel blade support member and perpendicular to the pivot axis; and

energizing the motor to produce reciprocal, oscillation of the scalpel blade and motor means about the axis of the pivot means in the plane of the scalpel blade and in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pivot means.

17. The method as set forth in claim 16 and further including the step of resiliently mounting the motor means within the body member.

18. The method as set forth in claim 16 and further including the step of resiliently mounting the motor means on the pivot means.

19. The method as set forth in claim 16 and further including the step of sealing between the one end of the body member and the one end of the scalpel blade support structure.

20. The method of producing high frequency vibrations of a surgical scalpel blade comprising the steps of:

resiliently pivotally mounting an elongated motor means having a longitudinal axis, said motor means including a motor with means for vibrating the motor means on energizing the motor and scalpel blade support structure rigidly secured to the motor within an elongated hollow body member having a longitudinal axis with the axii substantially congruent and with one end of the scalpel blade support structure extending out of one end of the body member, mounting said support structure on resilient pivot means having a fixed pivot axis extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body member and motor means;

rigidly securing a substantially flat, elongated scalpel blade having a cutting edge and a longitudinal axis to the motor means with the longitudinal axis of the scalpel blade and cutting edge extending substantially parallel to the axii of the body member and scalpel blade support member and perpendicular to the pivot axis; and

energizing the motor to produce reciprocal, oscillation of the scalpel blade and motor means about the axis of the pivot means in the plane of the scalpel blade and in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pivot means and sealing between the one end of the body member and the one end of the scalpel blade support structure.