Chemical heat source comprising metal nitride, metal oxide and carbon
First Claim
1. A method of making metal nitride, comprising the steps of:
- a) mixing a metal species and a carbon source to form a mixture;
b) supplying heat to the mixture, wherein the heat is provided by electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range from radio frequency to microwave frequency; and
c) contacting the mixture with a nitriding material to form metal nitride.
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Abstract
A chemical heat source comprising metal nitride, metal oxide and carbon, particularly useful in smoking articles, and methods of making the heat source are provided. The metal nitride of the heat source has an ignition temperature substantially lower than conventional carbonaceous heat sources, while at the same time provides sufficient heat to release a flavored aerosol from a flavor bed for inhalation by the smoker. Upon combustion the heat source produces virtually no carbon monoxide. The metal nitride is prepared by pre-forming the starting materials into a desired shape, and converting them to metal nitride in situ, without substantially altering the shape of the starting materials.
166 Citations
40 Claims
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1. A method of making metal nitride, comprising the steps of:
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a) mixing a metal species and a carbon source to form a mixture; b) supplying heat to the mixture, wherein the heat is provided by electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range from radio frequency to microwave frequency; and c) contacting the mixture with a nitriding material to form metal nitride. - View Dependent Claims (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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2. A method of making a heat source comprising metal nitride, comprising the steps of:
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a) mixing a metal species and a carbon source to form a mixture; b) combining the mixture from step a) with a binder; c) forming the mixture from step b) into a shape; d) supplying heat to the mixture, wherein the heat is provided by electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range from radio frequencies to microwave frequencies; and e) contacting the mixture with a nitriding material to form metal nitride. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10)
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20. A method of producing a composite carbon and metal species heat source comprising:
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a) mixing a metal oxide and a carbon source; b) supplying heat to the mixture in an environment which allows the formation of a metal species, wherein the heat is provided by electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range from radio frequency to microwave frequency; and c) cooling. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26)
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21. A method for producing a composite heat source, comprising:
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a) mixing a metal oxide and a carbon source; b) combining the mixture from step a) with a binder; c) forming the mixture from step b) into a shape; d) supplying heat to the mixture in an environment which allows for the reduction of the metal species, wherein the heat is provided by electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range from radio frequency to microwave frequency; and e) cooling the shape foraged in step c). - View Dependent Claims (27)
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22. A method for producing a composite heat source, comprising:
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a) mixing a metal oxide, metal and a carbon source; b) combining the mixture from step a) with a binder c) forming the mixture from step b) into a shape; d) supplying heat to the mixture in an environment which allows for the reduction of the metal species, wherein the heat is provided by electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range from radio frequency to microwave frequency; and e) cooling the shape formed in step c).
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28. A process for making a heat source for a smoking article comprising the steps of:
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(a) mixing charcoal particles of the desired size with desired additives for a set period of time; (b) extruding or molding said charcoal and additives into the desired shape; and (c) heating said extruded material, wherein the heat is provided by electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range from radio frequency to microwave frequency. - View Dependent Claims (29)
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30. A method of producing metal carbide, comprising the steps of:
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a. mixing a metal species and a carbon source, wherein the carbon source is selected from the group consisting of colloidal graphite, activated carbon and activated charcoal; b. supplying heat to the mixture, wherein the heat is provided by electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range from radio frequency to microwave frequency; and c. contacting the mixture with a reducing/carbidizing atmosphere. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35)
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31. A method of producing a heat source comprising a metal carbide, comprising the steps of:
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a. mixing a metal species and a carbon source; b. combining the mixture from step a) with a binder; c. forming the mixture from step b) into a shape; d. supplying heat to the mixture, wherein the heat is provided by electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range from radio frequency to microwave frequency; and e. contacting the mixture with a reducing/carbidizing atmosphere.
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36. A method of producing a heat source comprising the steps of:
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a. mixing a carbon component, a catalytic precursor, and a binder, wherein the catalytic precursor is a metal species which upon combustion of the heat source forms a catalyst for converting carbon monoxide produced during combustion of the heat source to a benign substance; b. forming the mixture into a shape; and d. supplying heat to the mixture, wherein the heat is provided by electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range from radio frequency to microwave frequency. - View Dependent Claims (37, 38, 39, 40)
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Specification