Methods of making agricultural materials

• US 5,443,612 A
• Filed: 02/22/1994
• Issued: 08/22/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 02/22/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Terry L. Havens
• Original Assignee: Terry L. Havens
• Inventors: Havens, Terry L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lander, Ferris
• Application Number:
  US08/199,111
• Time in Patent Office: 546 Days
• Field of Search: 71/5, 71/23, 71/903, 71/904, 71/12, 71/21
• US Class Current: 71/5
• CPC Class Codes: A01G 18/20 Culture media, e.g. compost
• CPC Class Codes: A01G 18/62 Racks; Trays
• CPC Class Codes: C05F 11/00 Other organic fertilisers
• CPC Class Codes: C05F 9/04 Biological compost
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 40/20 Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/145 the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 71/903 Soil conditioner
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 71/904 Carrier

Abstract

Methods of making agricultural materials for aiding and facilitating the growth of plants and crops are based on the combination of waste paper and other materials and the formation of such combinations into pellets. Where the agricultural material is for use in the casing layer of a mushroom tray, the agricultural material is made from a combination of waste paper and a pH adjusting material, which is preferably lime. Where the agricultural material is for general use in agricultural and horticultural applications, it is made from a combination of waste paper and compost material, the ratio of the compost used in the combination being between about 90% to 40% by weight.

Claims

1. A method of making an agricultural material and using said agricultural material in a casing layer for a mushroom tray, said agricultural material being made from waste paper and a pH adjusting material, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing an amount of waste paper to a grinding apparatus;

(b) providing an amount of pH adjusting material to the grinding apparatus;

(c) grinding the waste paper and pH adjusting material together to form a lower density material, the density of said lower density material being lower than the density of said waste paper, substantially all of said lower density material having a substantially uniform carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in excess of about 70;

1 and a substantially uniform pH of between about 7 and 9;

(d) densifying the lower density material to form an agricultural material having a density higher than the density of said lower density material; and

(e) providing said agricultural material in the casing layer of a mushroom tray, said casing layer being provided above a compost layer in the mushroom tray.

2. A method as defined in claim 1 additionally comprising the step of, prior to said step (d), adding water to said lower density material while said lower density material is substantially at room temperature, said water being added in an amount so that the overall moisture content of said lower density material after the addition of said water is between about 5% and 25% by weight.

3. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of said lower density material is in excess of about 800:

1.

4. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein said pH adjusting material comprises lime.

5. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein said lower density material is densified by providing it to a pellet mill to form pellets of agricultural material.

6. A method as defined in claim 5 additionally comprising the step of crumbling said agricultural material pellets before they are provided in said casing layer in said step (e).

7. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein said lower density material is densified by providing it to a pellet mill when said lower density material is substantially at room temperature to form pellets of agricultural material.

8. A method of making an agricultural material and using said agricultural material in a casing layer for a mushroom tray, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing an amount of waste paper to a grinding apparatus;

(b) grinding the waste paper in the grinding apparatus to form a fluff material, the density of said fluff material being lower than the density of said waste paper, substantially all of said fluff material having a substantially uniform carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in excess of about 70;

1 and a substantially uniform pH of between about 7 and 9;

(d) densifying the fluff material by providing it to a densifier to increase the density of the fluff material to form an agricultural material; and

(e) providing said agricultural material in the casing layer of a mushroom tray, said casing layer being provided above a compost layer in the mushroom tray.

9. A method as defined in claim 8 wherein said fluff material is densified by providing it to a pellet mill to form pellets of agricultural material.

10. A method as defined in claim 8 wherein said fluff material is densified by providing it to a pellet mill when said fluff material is substantially at room temperature to form pellets of agricultural material.

11. A method as defined in claim 10 additionally comprising the step of crumbling said agricultural material pellets before they are provided in said casing layer in said step (e).

12. A method as defined in claim 11 additionally comprising the step of, prior to said step (d), providing a lubricant to said fluff material while said fluff material is substantially at room temperature, said lubricant being provided in an amount so that the overall moisture content of said fluff material after the provision of the lubricant is between about 5% and 25% by weight.

13. A method as defined in claim 11 additionally comprising the step of, prior to said step (d), adding water to said fluff material while said fluff material is substantially at room temperature, said water being added in an amount so that the overall moisture content of said fluff material after the addition of said water is between about 5% and 25% by weight.

14. A method of making an agricultural material and using said agricultural material in a casing layer for a mushroom tray, said agricultural material being made from waste paper and a pH adjusting material, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing an amount of waste paper to a hammer mill;

(b) providing an amount of pH adjusting material to the hammer mill, said pH adjusting material comprising lime;

(c) grinding the waste paper and pH adjusting material together in the hammer mill to form a lower density material, the density of said lower density material being lower than the density of said waste paper, substantially all of said lower density material having a substantially uniform carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in excess of about 800;

1 and a substantially uniform pH of between about 7 and 9;

(d) adding water to said lower density material while said lower density material is substantially at room temperature, said water being added in an amount so that the overall moisture content of said lower density material after the addition of said water is between about 5% and 25% by weight;

(e) densifying the lower density material to form an agricultural material having a density higher than the density of said lower density material, said lower density material being densified by providing it to a pellet mill when said lower density material is substantially at room temperature to form pellets of agricultural material;

(f) crumbling said pellets of agricultural material to form pellet fragments;

(g) providing said pellet fragments in the casing layer of a mushroom tray, said casing layer being provided above a compost layer in the mushroom tray.