Battery charger

• US 5,444,353 A
• Filed: 06/16/1993
• Issued: 08/22/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 06/16/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hitachi KOKI Company Limited (Koki Holdings Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Hitachi KOKI Company Limited (Koki Holdings Co., Ltd.)
• Inventors: Takano, Nobuhiro, Shinohara, Shigeru
• Primary Examiner(s): Stephan, Steven L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NAPPI, ROBERT E
• Application Number:
  US08/077,051
• Time in Patent Office: 797 Days
• Field of Search: 320/39, 320/22, 320/43, 320/48
• US Class Current: 320/148
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00041 in response to measured battery parameters, e.g. voltage, current or temperature profile
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00047 with provisions for charging different types of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007184 in response to battery voltage gradient

Abstract

A status of a battery is detected to determine whether an amount of residual charge is large or not. Detection of the status of the battery is performed on the basis of a change in the voltage level over a preliminary charge time. If the battery is determined to at low charge, then a sleep time is set. The full charge condition of the battery is, for example, detected when a second order differential of the voltage across the battery becomes negative. However, the computation of the second order differential is not performed during the sleep time. Further, to accurately determine the status of the battery, the duration of the preliminary charge time is prolonged if the battery is detected to have been deeply discharged.

Claims

1. A battery charger for charging a rechargeable battery having a plurality of cells, comprising:

charge current supplying means for supplying a charge current to the battery;

voltage detecting means for detecting a voltage across the battery and for outputting a battery voltage signal indicative of the voltage across the battery;

battery status detecting means for detecting a status of the battery as to whether the battery is at low charge or at high charge, said battery status detecting means detecting the status of the battery based on a reference voltage and a first battery voltage signal indicative of the voltage across the battery at a time after expiration of a predetermined period of time from start of charge; and

control means for controlling the charge of the battery base on the status of the battery detected by said battery status detecting means, said control means having full charge detection means for detecting that the battery has reached a full charge condition based on the voltage indicated by the battery voltage signal, wherein said control means stops charging when the full charge condition is detected by said full charge detection means;

wherein the reference voltage is a voltage across the battery detected by said voltage detecting means at the start of charge, and wherein said battery status detecting means computes a change in the voltage across the battery over the predetermined period of time and determines that the battery is at low charge when the change in the voltage across the battery is equal to or smaller than a predetermined value and that the battery is at high charge when the change in the voltage across the battery is larger than the predetermined value.

2. The battery charger according to claim 1, wherein said full charge detection means comprises computing means for computing a second order differential of the voltage across the battery as the charging proceeds and for outputting a computed result, and wherein said control means stops charging based on the computed result.

3. The battery charger according to claim 2, wherein said control means stops charging when the computed result is negative .

4. The battery charger according to claim 2, wherein said control means comprises sleep time setting means, said sleep time setting means setting a sleep time when the status of the battery is determined to be at low charge, said computing means being prohibited from computing the second order differential of the voltage during the sleep time, and wherein said control means stops charging when the computed result is negative after expiration of the sleep time.

5. The battery charger according to claim 2, wherein said control means controls said charge current supplying means to supply a first charge current to the battery during the predetermined period of time and to supply a second charge current higher in level than the first charge current to the battery when the status of the battery is determined to be at low charge.

6. The battery charger according to claim 5, wherein said control means further controls said charge current supplying means to continuously supply the first charge current to the battery when the status of the battery is determined to be at high charge.

7. The battery charger according to claim 2, wherein the reference voltage is a predetermined fixed value, and wherein said battery status detecting means determines that the battery is at low charge when the voltage indicated by the first battery voltage signal is lower than the predetermined fixed value and that the battery is at high charge when the voltage indicated by the first battery voltage signal is higher than the predetermined fixed value.

8. The battery charger according to claim 7, wherein the battery has a plurality of cells connected in series, and wherein said control means comprises cell number identification means for identifying a cell number, the predetermined fixed value being variable dependent on the cell number identified by said cell number identification means.

9. The battery charger according to claim 8, wherein said full charge detection means comprises computing means for computing a second order differential of the voltage across the battery as the charging proceeds and for outputting a computed result, and wherein said control means stops charging based on the computed result.

10. The battery charger according to claim 9, wherein said control means stops charging when the computed result is negative.

11. The battery charger according to claim 9, wherein said control means comprises sleep time setting means, said sleep time setting means setting a sleep time when the status of the battery is determined to be at low charge, said computing means being prohibited from computing the second order differential of the voltage during the sleep time, and wherein said control means stops charging when the computed result is negative after expiration of the sleep time.

12. The battery charger according to claim 8, wherein said control means controls said charge current supplying means to supply a first charge current to the battery during the predetermined period of time and to supply a second charge current higher in level than the first charge current to the battery when the status of the battery is determined to be at low charge.

13. The battery charger according to claim 12, wherein said control means further controls said charge current supplying means to continuously supply the first charge current to the battery when the status of the battery is determined to be at high charge.

14. The battery charger according to claim 8, wherein said full charge detection means comprises comparison means for comparing the voltage across the battery progressively increasing as the charging proceed with a cut-off voltage and outputting a comparison result, and wherein said control means stops charging when the comparison result indicates that the voltage across the battery has reached the cut-off voltage.

15. The battery charger according to claim 14, wherein the cut-off voltage is variable dependent on the cell number identified by said cell number identification means.

16. A battery charger for charging a rechargeable battery having a plurality of cells, comprising:

charge current supplying means for supplying a charge current to the battery;

voltage detecting means for detecting a voltage across the battery and outputting a battery voltage signal indicative of the voltage across the battery;

first battery status detecting means for detecting a status of the battery as to whether or not the battery has been deeply discharged, said battery status detecting means detecting the status of the battery based on a reference voltage and a first battery voltage signal indicative of the voltage across the battery at a time before the charge current is supplied to the battery by said charge current supplying means;

second battery status detecting means for detecting a status of the battery as to whether the battery is at low charge or at high charge, said battery status detecting means detecting the status of the battery based on a reference voltage and a second battery voltage signal indicative of the voltage across the battery at a time after expiration of a preliminary charge time from a start of charge;

time adjusting means for adjusting a duration of the preliminary charge time in accordance with the status of the battery detected by said first status detecting means; and

control means for controlling the charge of the battery based on the status of the battery detected by said second battery status detecting means, said control means having full charge detection means for detecting that the battery has reached a full charge condition based on the voltage indicated by the battery voltage signal, wherein said control means stops charging when the full charge condition is detected by said full charge detection means.

17. The battery charger according to claim 16, wherein when said first status detecting means detects that the battery has not been deeply discharged, the preliminary charge time is set to a first duration, and when said first status detecting means detects that the battery has been deeply discharged, the duration of the preliminary charge time is set to a second duration longer than the first duration.

18. The battery charger according to claim 17, wherein said full charge detection means comprises computing means for computing a second order differential of the voltage across the battery as the charging proceeds and for outputting a computed result, and wherein said control means stops charging based on the computed result.

19. The battery charger according to claim 18, wherein said control means stops charging when the computed result is negative.

20. The battery charger according to claim 18, wherein said control means comprises sleep time setting means, said sleep time setting means setting a sleep time when the status of the battery is determined to be at low charge, said computing means being prohibited from computing the second order differential of the voltage during the sleep time, and wherein said control means stops charging when the computed result is negative after expiration of the sleep time.

21. The battery charger according to claim 17, wherein said control means controls said charge current supplying means to supply a first charge current to the battery during the predetermined period of time and to supply a second charge current higher in level than the first charge current to the battery when the status of the battery is determined to be at low charge by said second status detecting means.

22. The battery charger according to claim 21, wherein said control means further controls said charge current supplying means to continuously supply the first charge current to the battery when the status of the battery is determined to be at high charge by said second status detecting means.

23. The battery charger according to claim 17, wherein said full charge detection means comprises comparison means for comparing the voltage across the battery as the charging proceed with a cut-off voltage and for outputting a comparison result, and wherein said control means stops charging when the comparison result indicates that the voltage across the battery has reached the cut-off voyage.

24. The battery charger according to claim 23, wherein the cut-off voltage is dependent on the cell number identified by said cell number identification means.