Method and system for constructing a rechargeable battery and battery structures formed with the method

• US 5,445,906 A
• Filed: 08/03/1994
• Issued: 08/29/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 08/03/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Hobson, David O., Snyder, William B. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US08/285,166
• Time in Patent Office: 391 Days
• Field of Search: 429/162, 429/94, 429/152, 29/623.1, 29/623.3, 29/623.5, 29/730
• US Class Current: 429/162
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0436 Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0025 Organic electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/10 with wound or folded electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/12 with flat electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/18 with solid electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/188 Processes of manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/40 Printed batteries , e.g. thin film batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49112 including laminating of indefinite length material
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49115 including coating or impregnating
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/53135 Storage cell or battery

Abstract

A method and system for manufacturing a thin-film battery and a battery structure formed with the method utilizes a plurality of deposition stations at which thin battery component films are built up in sequence upon a web-like substrate as the substrate is automatically moved through the stations. At an initial station, cathode and anode current collector film sections are deposited upon the substrate, and at another station, a thin cathode film is deposited upon the substrate so to overlie part of the cathode current collector section. At another station, a thin electrolyte film is deposited upon so as to overlie the cathode film and part of the anode current collector film, at yet another station, a thin lithium film is deposited upon so as to overlie the electrolyte film and an additional part of the anode current collector film. Such a method accommodates the winding of a layup of battery components into a spiral configuration to provide a thin-film, high capacity battery and also accommodates the build up of thin film battery components onto a substrate surface having any of a number of shapes.

Claims

1. A method for building up thin-film battery components in a layup arrangement wherein the layup includes a cathode film, an electrolyte film and a lithium anode film, the method comprising the steps of:

moving the surface of a substrate through one station at which a cathode material is deposited in a thin film upon the surface as the-substrate is moved through the one station;

moving the substrate surface through another station at which an electrolyte material is deposited in a thin film over the cathode film as the substrate is moved through the another station; and

then moving the substrate surface through yet another station at which lithium is deposited in a thin film over the electrolyte film as the substrate is moved through the yet another station.

2. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the substrate surface is relatively lengthy as measured along the path of movement of the surface so that as one region of the substrate surface is exposed to the film material being deposited at one of the stations, another region of the substrate surface is exposed to the film material being deposited at a different station.

3. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the substrate surface is provided by the surface of a flexible web.

4. The method as defined in claim 3 wherein the step of moving the substrate surface through yet another station is followed by a step of winding the web and the layup of battery components borne by the web into a wound arrangement.

5. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the substrate material is a web having two opposite faces, and the moving steps moves the web material endwise in sequence through the stations so that the films are deposited in sequence upon one face of the web.

6. The method as defined in claim 5 wherein the web is flexible and the moving steps are followed by the step of winding the film-carrying web upon itself so that in the wound configuration, one section of the film-carrying web overlies another section of the film-carrying web.

7. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the moving steps are preceded by a step of moving the substrate surface through an initial station at which current collector material is deposited in two thin film sections upon the substrate surface, and the subsequent step of moving the substrate surface through the one and another stations effects a build up of the cathode and electrolyte films over one of the current collector thin film sections and the step of moving the substrate surface through the yet another station effects a build up of the lithium film over the electrolyte film and the other current collector thin film section.

8. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the moving steps are followed by an additional step of moving the substrate surface through still another station at which a protective coating is deposited in a thin film over the lithium anode as the substrate is moved through the still another station.

9. A battery structure whose layup of components are built up in accordance with the method of claim 1.

10. A method for constructing a thin film battery including the steps of:

providing a substrate having a surface;

providing, at a first station, means for depositing a thin cathode film onto the substrate surface as the surface is moved through the first station;

providing, at a second station, means for depositing a thin electrolyte film over the cathode film as the surface is moved through the second station;

providing, at a third station, means for depositing a thin lithium anode film over the electrolyte coating as the surface is moved through the third station; and

automatically moving the substrate surface through the first, second and third stations so that the thin cathode, electrolyte and lithium anode films are built up in sequence upon the substrate surface.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the substrate surface is relatively long in length as measured along the path of movement of the surface so that during at least one moment of the moving step, portions of the substrate surface are situated at more than one of the three stations.

12. The method as defined in claim 10 wherein the substrate surface is provided by the surface of a flexible web.

13. The method as defined in claim 12 further comprising a step of providing, at a final station, means for winding the web and the layup of battery components borne thereby into a wound arrangement, and the step of moving moves the web and the layup of battery components borne thereby through the final station.

14. The method as defined in claim 10 wherein the substrate material is a web having two opposite faces, and the moving step moves the web material endwise in sequence through the stations so that the films are deposited in sequence upon one face of the web.

15. The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the web is flexible and the moving step is followed by the step of winding the film-carrying web upon itself so that in the wound configuration, one section of the film-carrying web overlies another section of the film-carrying web.

16. The method as defined in claim 10 further comprising the step of providing, at an initial station, means for depositing a current collector material in two thin film sections upon the substrate surface as the surface is moved through the initial station, and the step of moving the substrate surface through the stations moves the surface through the initial station before the surface is moved through the first station so that the current collector film sections are deposited upon the substrate before the cathode film is deposited thereon.

17. The method as defined in claim 10 further comprising the step of providing, at a subsequent station, means for depositing a protective coating upon the substrate surface as the surface is moved therethrough and the step of moving the substrate through the stations moves the surface through the subsequent station after the surface is moved through the third station so that the protective coating is deposited upon the deposited lithium film.

18. A thin-film battery constructed in accordance with the method of claim 10.

21. The improvement as defined in claim 13 wherein the substrate and the film layup carried thereby is wound around the surface of a core of material.

19. In a rechargeable, thin-film battery including a substrate surface, a thin cathode film overlying the substrate surface, a thin electrolyte film overlying the cathode surface and a thin lithium anode film overlying the electrolyte film, the improvement characterized in that:

the substrate surface is provided with a flexible web, the cathode film, electrolyte film and anode film are supported in a layup arrangement along the surface of the web, and the web and the layup of films supported thereby are wound in a wound arrangement.

20. The improvement as defined in claim 19 wherein the substrate and the film layup carried thereon is in a wound configuration so that one section of the layup-carrying substrate overlies another section of the layup-carrying substrate.

22. A system for building up a layup of thin film battery components comprising:

means disposed at a first station for depositing a thin cathode film onto the surface of a substrate as the substrate is moved through the first station;

means disposed at a second station for depositing a thin electrolyte film over the deposited cathode film as the substrate is moved through the second station;

means disposed at a third station for depositing a thin lithium anode film over the deposited electrolyte film as the substrate is moved through the third station; and

means for moving the substrate surface in sequence through the first, second and third stations so that thin cathode, electrolyte and lithium anode films are built up in sequence upon the substrate surface.

23. The system as defined in claim 22 wherein the means for moving includes means for automatically moving the web through the stations.