Concrete penetrating imaging radar

• US 5,446,461 A
• Filed: 04/28/1994
• Issued: 08/29/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 04/28/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Missile Systems Company
• Inventors: Frazier, Lawrence M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hellner, Mark
• Application Number:
  US08/234,211
• Time in Patent Office: 488 Days
• Field of Search: 342/22, 342/25, 342/133, 342/156
• US Class Current: 342/22
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/0209 Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/34 using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/888 through wall detection
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/48 the waves arriving at the antennas being continuous or intermittent and the phase difference of signals derived therefrom being measured
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/2883 using FFT processing

Abstract

An imaging radar system for generating images of objects disposed behind an obscuring structure. The system comprises a low power, frequency tunable, continuous wave transmitter and an antenna array coupled to the transmitter that includes a transmit antenna and a plurality of receive antennas. A radar receiver is coupled to the antenna array, and a computer processor is coupled to the radar receiver that comprises a digital signal processor and a computer. A radar display is coupled to the computer for displaying the images of the objects disposed behind an obscuring structure. A power source is coupled to the antenna array, the transmitter, the radar receiver, and the computer processor for providing power thereto. Time difference of arrival processing is performed in the computer for providing radar angle scanning upon receipt of radar return signals from the objects using the antenna array. The present radar provides angle resolution on the order of 5 to 10 degrees, depending upon the spacing of the antennas.

Claims

1. An imaging radar system for generating images of objects disposed behind an obscuring structure, said system comprising:

a low power, frequency tunable, continuous wave transmitter;

an antenna array coupled to the transmitter that comprises a transmit antenna and a plurality of receive antennas;

a radar receiver coupled to the antenna array;

a computer processor coupled to the radar receiver that comprises a digital signal processor and a computer, and wherein the computer processes radar return signals derived from the objects using time difference of arrival processing to provide radar angle scanning upon receipt of the radar return signals from the objects;

a radar display coupled to the computer; and

a power source coupled to the antenna array, the transmitter, the radar receiver, and the computer processor for providing power thereto.

2. The radar system of claim 1 wherein the antenna array is configured in the shape of a folding extension ladder.

3. The radar system of claim 1 wherein the antenna array comprises a multi-element, side-looking, continuous wave array antenna array.

4. The radar system of claim 1 wherein the receiver comprises a plurality of individual receivers coupled to individual ones of the receive antennas, and wherein each individual receivers includes a preamplifier and mixer.

5. The radar system of claim 1 which further comprises a three-port multiplexer coupled between each of the mixers and the computer processor.

6. The radar system of claim 1 wherein the transmitter comprises:

a counter coupled to the computer processor for receiving a sweep start pulse therefrom;

a clock coupled to the counter that controls its counting;

a digital to analog converter coupled to the counter for providing a linear sweep output signal;

an error corrector coupled to the digital to analog converter;

a voltage controller oscillator coupled to the error corrector;

a power splitter coupled to the voltage controlled oscillator;

a slope error detector coupled to the error corrector; and

a low power amplifier coupled to the power splitter that provides the output of the transmitter.

7. The radar system of claim 1 wherein the computer processor comprises:

a range filter and amplifier coupled to the multiplexer;

an analog to digital converter coupled to the range filter and amplifier;

a computer coupled to the analog to digital converter; and

a digital signal processor coupled to the computer.

8. The radar system of claim 1 wherein the digital signal processor comprises:

a fast Fourier transform processor that provides an output signal that is filtered by

a coherent integrator filter coupled to the fast Fourier transform processor for filtering an output signal received therefrom;

a detector coupled to the coherent integrator filter;

a post detector integrator coupled to the detector for generating a micro-doppler audio output signal;

a threshold comparator coupled to the post detector integrator and to the computer; and

software that runs on the computer for processing the radar signals to generate the radar image.

9. The radar system of claim 1 which further comprises:

a plurality of spacers separating each of the antennas; and

a support structure coupled to the plurality of spacers and plurality of antennas to electrically isolate and support them.

10. The radar system of claim 1 wherein the transmit and receive antenna elements are separated from each other by a distance of from 3 to 12 feet.

11. The radar system of claim 1 wherein each of the antennas is square.

12. The radar system of claim 9 wherein the antenna array further comprises a plurality of joints to permit folding of the array.

13. The radar system of claim 9 wherein the transmitter, receiver, and power source are disposed along the length of the support structure.