Method and system for encoding images using skip blocks

• US 5,448,297 A
• Filed: 09/09/1993
• Issued: 09/05/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 06/16/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Alattar, Adnan, Coelho, Rohan
• Primary Examiner(s): Kostak, Victor R.
• Application Number:
  US08/118,929
• Time in Patent Office: 726 Days
• Field of Search: 348/390, 348/391, 348/393, 348/394, 348/395, 348/396, 348/415, 348/420
• US Class Current: 375/240.12
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/00 Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/132 Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/176 the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/186 the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/46 Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process H04N19/517, H04N19/68, H04N19/70 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/507 using conditional replenishment
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/61 in combination with predictive coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/781 on disks or drums
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/85 on discs or drums
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/54 the signals being synchronous H04N21/23602, H04N21/23614, H04N21/2365, H04N21/2368, H04N21/4341, H04N21/4342, H04N21/4347, H04N21/4348 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 9/8042 involving data reduction

Abstract

A region of an image having a plurality of corresponding image values is encoded to generate a temporary encoded region. The temporary encoded region is then decoded to generate a decoded region. An error measure is generated as a function of the decoded pixels of the decoded region and the previous pixels of a previous region. If the error measure is less than a specified threshold, then the region is encoded as a skipped region, otherwise the region is encoded as the temporary encoded region.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for encoding a current region of an image, comprising the steps of:

(a) comparing the current region to a reference region using a processor; and

(b) encoding the current region as a skip block in accordance with the comparison of step (a) using the processor, wherein;

the reference region comprises a corresponding region of a previous image;

step (a) comprises the steps of;

(1) encoding the current region to generate a temporary encoded region;

(2) decoding the temporary encoded region to generate a decoded region;

(3) generating a Y-component partial error measure SAE_y in accordance with the following equation;

##EQU12## wherein F is a function of y_r (i,j) and y_d (i,j), N is the vertical dimension of a Y-component block corresponding to the current region, M is the horizontal dimension of the Y-component block, y_r (i,j) are the decoded Y-component signals corresponding to the decoded region, and y_d (i,j) are the Y-component signals corresponding to the reference region;

(4) generating a V-component partial error measure SAE_y in accordance with the following equation;

##EQU13## wherein F is a function of v_r (i,j) and v_d (i,j), v_r (i,j) are the decoded V-component signals corresponding to the decoded region, and v_d (i,j) are the V-component signals corresponding to the reference region;

(5) generating a U-component partial error measure SAE₁ in accordance with the following equation;

##EQU14## wherein F is a function of u_r (i,j) and u_d (i,j), u_r (i,j) are the decoded U-component signals corresponding to the decoded region, and u_d (i,j) are the U-component signals corresponding to the reference region; and

(6) generating an error measure E in accordance with the following equation;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">E=(SAE.sub.y +A*SAE.sub.v +B*SAE.sub.u).

wherein A and B are constants; and

(7) comparing the error measure E to a selected threshold value; and

step (b) comprises the step of encoding the current region as a skipped region, if the error measure is less than a specified threshold value;

otherwise, encoding the current region as the temporary encoded region.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of encoding a next region of the image as either an inter block or an intra block using the processor.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the function F(p,q) is the square of the difference of p and q.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the function F(p,q) is the absolute value of the difference of p and q.

5. An apparatus for encoding a current region of an image, comprising:

(a) means for comparing the current region to a reference region; and

(b) means for encoding the current region as a skip block in accordance with the comparison of means (a), wherein;

the reference region comprises a corresponding region of a previous image;

means (a)

(1) encodes the current region to generate a temporary encoded region;

(2) decodes the temporary encoded region to generate a decoded region;

(3) generates a Y-component partial error measure SAE_y in accordance with the following equation;

##EQU15## wherein F is a function of y_r (i,j) and y_d (i,j), N is the vertical dimension of a Y-component block corresponding to the current region, M is the horizontal dimension of the Y-component block, y_r (i,j) are the decoded Y-component signals corresponding to the decoded region, and y_d (i,j) are the Y-component signals corresponding to the reference region;

(4) generates a V-component partial error measure SAE_v in accordance with the following equation;

##EQU16## wherein F is a function of v_r (i,j) and v_d (i,j), v_r (i,j) are the decoded V-component signals corresponding to the decoded region, and v_d (i,j) are the V-component signals corresponding to the reference region;

(5) generates a U-component partial error measure SAE_u in accordance with the following equation;

##EQU17## wherein F is a function of u_r (i,j) and u_d (i,j), u_r (i,j) are the decoded U-component signals corresponding to the decoded region., and u_d (i,_j) are the U-component signals corresponding to the reference region; and

(6) generates an error measure E in accordance with the following equation;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">E=(SAE.sub.y +A*SAE.sub.v +B*SAE.sub.u).

wherein A and B are constants; and

(7) compares the error measure E to a selected threshold value; and

means (b) encodes the current region as a skipped region, if the error measure is less than a specified threshold value;

otherwise, encoding the current region as the temporary encoded region.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising means for encoding a next region of the image as either an inter block or an intra block.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the function F(p,q) is the square of the difference of p and g.

8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the function F(p,q) is the absolute value of the difference of p and g.

9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein:

the apparatus is electrically connected to a bus; and

the bus is electrically connected to a memory device.

10. A computer-implemented method for decoding a current region of an encoded image, comprising the steps of:

(a) providing encoded signals corresponding to the encoded region, the encoded signals comprising a skip block designation, the skip block designation having been selected in accordance with a comparison between a current region of an original image and a reference region; and

(b) decoding the encoded region in accordance with the skip block designation using a processor, wherein;

the reference region comprises a corresponding region of a previous image;

the skip block designation having been selected by;

(1) encoding the current region to generate a temporary encoded region;

(2) decoding the temporary encoded region to generate a decoded region;

(3) generating a Y-component partial error measure SAE_y in accordance with the following equation;

##EQU18## wherein F is a function of y_r (i,j) and y_d (i,j), N is the vertical dimension of a Y-component block corresponding to the current region, M is the horizontal dimension of the Y-component block, y_r (i,j) are the decoded Y-component signals corresponding to the decoded region, and y_d (i,j) are the Y-component signals corresponding to the reference region;

(4) generating a V-component partial error measure SAE_v in accordance with the following equation;

##EQU19## wherein F is a function of y_r (i,j) and v_d (i,j), y_r (i,j) are the decoded V-component signals corresponding to the decoded region, and v_d (i,j) are the V-component signals corresponding to the reference region;

(5) generating a U-component partial error measure SAE_u in accordance with the following equation;

##EQU20## wherein F is a function of u₂ (i,j) and u_d (i,j), u_r (i,j) are the decoded U-component signals corresponding to the decoded region, and u_d (i,j) are the U-component signals corresponding to the reference region; and

(6) generating an error measure E in accordance with the following equation;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">E=(SAE.sub.y +A*SAE.sub.v +B*SAE.sub.u).

wherein A and B are constants; and

(7) comparing the error measure E to a selected threshold value; and

the encoded region having been encoded as a skipped region, if the error measure is less than a specified threshold value;

otherwise, the encoded region having been encoded as the temporary encoded region.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the encoded image comprises a next region and further comprising the step of decoding the next region of the encoded image as either an inter block or an intra block using the processor.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein step (b) comprises the steps of:

(1) decoding a corresponding region of a previous encoded image;

(2) storing the decoded image signals corresponding to the decoded corresponding region in a memory device;

(3) decoding the skip block designation of the encoded region; and

(4) retaining the decoded image signals corresponding to the decoded corresponding region in the memory device as the decoded image signals corresponding to the encoded region.

13. An apparatus for decoding a current region of an encoded image, comprising:

(a) means for receiving encoded signals corresponding to the encoded region, the encoded signals comprising a skip block designation, the skip block designation having been selected in accordance with a comparison between a current region of an original image and a reference region; and

(b) means for decoding the encoded region in accordance with the skip block designation using a processor, wherein;

the reference region comprises a corresponding region of a previous image;

the skip block designation having been selected by;

(1) encoding the current region to generate a temporary encoded region;

(2) decoding the temporary encoded region to generate a decoded region;

(3) generating a Y-component partial error measure SAE_y in accordance with the following equation;

##EQU21## wherein F is a function of y_r (i,j) and y_d (i,j), N is the vertical dimension of a Y-component block corresponding to the current region, M is the horizontal dimension of the Y-component block, X_r (i,j) are the decoded Y-component signals corresponding to the decoded region, and y_d (i,j) are the Y-component signals corresponding to the reference region;

(4) generating a V-component partial error measure SAE_v in accordance with the following equation;

##EQU22## wherein F is a function of _vr (i,j) and v_d (i,j), v_r (i,j) are the decoded V-component signals corresponding to the decoded region, and v_d (i,j) are the V-component signals corresponding to the reference region;

(5) generating a U-component partial error measure SAE_u in accordance with the following equation;

##EQU23## wherein F is a function of u_r (i,j) and u_d (i,j), u_r (i,j) are the decoded U-component signals corresponding to the decoded region, and u_d (i,j) are the U-component signals corresponding to the reference region; and

(6) generating an error measure E in accordance with the following equation;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">E=(SAE.sub.x +A*SAE.sub.v +B*SAE.sub.u).

wherein A and B are constants; and

(7) comparing the error measure E to a selected threshold value; and

the encoded region having been encoded as a skipped region, if the error measure is less than a specified threshold value;

otherwise, the encoded region having been encoded as the temporary encoded region.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the encoded image comprises a next region and further comprising means for decoding the next region of the encoded image as either an inter block or an intra block using the processor.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein means (b):

(1) decodes a corresponding region of a previous encoded image;

(2) stores the decoded image signals corresponding to the decoded corresponding region in a memory device;

(3) decodes the skip block designation of the encoded region; and

(4) retains the decoded image signals corresponding to the decoded corresponding region in the memory device as the decoded image signals corresponding to the encoded region.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein:

the apparatus is electrically connected to a bus; and

the bus is electrically connected to a memory device.