Graphical interface for interacting constrained actors

• US 5,450,540 A
• Filed: 12/16/1992
• Issued: 09/12/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 12/16/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Vronay, David P., Chipkin, Adam M., Miller, Mark L., Richards, Tyde B., Kleiman, Ruben J., Spohrer, James C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Zimmerman, Mark K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BURRASTON, NEIL
• Application Number:
  US07/992,937
• Time in Patent Office: 1,000 Days
• Field of Search: 395/137, 395/138, 395/152, 395/155, 395/156, 395/159, 395/161, 345/122, 345/126
• US Class Current: 715/763
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04847 Interaction techniques to control parameter settings, e.g. interaction with sliders or dials

Abstract

A graphical interface for visually specifying the behavior of combinations of finite-state and continuous-state actors. The state of an actor may be controlled by the states of other actors. The motion of continuous-state actors is constrained by functions represented as, and analogous to, grooves, sockets, pins, glue, springs, and boxes. These functions may be represented graphically on the actor so that the system of constraints is readily ascertainable to the user.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an interacting system of actors on a display screen, comprising the steps of:

constructing a first actor using a predetermined set of actor construction primitives, including an arbitrarily-shaped polygon construction primitive;

constructing a second actor from said predetermined set of actor construction primitives;

choosing a first motional constraint from a predetermined set of constraint primitives, each of said constraint primitives having iconographic representations visible on the display screen, said set of constraint primitives including translation along a path, rotation about a point, and fixing a distance between a pair of actors;

applying said first motional constraint to said first and said second actor to establish a displacement relationship between said first actor and said second actor;

displaying a first iconographic representation of said first constraint on said display screen;

specifying a first displacement amount; and

moving said first actor relative to said second actor by said first displacement amount subject to said first motional constraint.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

constructing a third actor using said predetermined set of actor primitives;

constructing a fourth actor using said predetermine set of actor primitives;

choosing a second constraint from said predetermined set of constraint primitives;

applying said second constraint to said third and fourth actors;

displaying a second iconographic representation of said second constraint on said display screen;

specifying a second displacement amount; and

moving said third actor relative to said fourth actor by said second displacement amount subject to said second constraint.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of:

coupling said first and second displacement amounts, said coupling being iconographically represented on said display screen.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein said first displacement controls said second displacement amount.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said set of constraint primitives further includes maintaining a constant integer ratio of a first distance between a first pair of actors and a second distance between a second pair of actors, while said first distance between said first pair of actors changes.

6. The method of claim 1 further including the step of removing said iconographic representations from display on said display screen.

7. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of replacing a display of said first and second actors subject to said first constraint with a display of said third and fourth actors subject to said second constraint.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said rotation constraint is represented iconographically by a rotation icon at said rotation point, and said translation constraint is represented iconographically by a translation icon which lies substantially along said path.

9. A method for constructing an interacting system of actors on a display screen, comprising the steps of:

creating a first set of actors using a predetermined set of actor construction primitives, said first set of actors including at least two actors;

constraining motions of said first set of actors by selecting and applying to said first set of actors a first set of constraint primitives selected from a predetermined group of constraint primitives;

selecting a first set of positions of said first set of actors subject to said first set of constraint primitives to provide a first state for said first set of actors;

selecting a second set of positions of said first set of actors subject to said first set of constraint primitives to provide a second state for said first set of actors;

creating a finite-state control switch using said predetermined set of actor construction primitives, said finite-state control switch having a third state and a fourth state;

providing a coupling between said finite-state control switch and said first set of actors so that switching said finite-state control switch from said third state to said fourth state switches said first set of actors from said first state to said second state, and switching said finite-state control switch from said fourth state to said third state switches said first set of actors from said second state and said first state.

10. The method of claim 9 further including the steps of displaying on said display screen a first iconographic representation of said first set of constraint primitives, and displaying on said display screen a second iconographic representation of said coupling.

11. The method of claim 10 further including the step of removing said first iconographic representation from display on said display screen.

12. The method of claim 10 further including the step of removing said second iconographic representation from display on said display screen.

13. The method of claim 9 wherein said predetermined group of constraint primitives include translating along a path, rotating about a point, and fixing a distance between a pair of actors.

14. The method of claim 9 wherein said predetermined set of actor construction primitives includes a primitive for construction of arbitrarily-shaped polygons.

15. A method for determining the motion of a first actor subject to a motion request applied at a first location and having a first direction, comprising the steps of:

determining whether said first actor includes a first position marker coupled to a first motion constrainer on a second actor;

determining whether said first actor includes a second position marker coupled to a second motion constrainer;

if said first actor does not include said first position marker, moving said first actor along said first direction;

if said first actor includes said first position marker and said first motion constrainer allows for rotation, rotating said first actor about said first position marker so that said first location moves in said first direction;

if said first actor includes said first position marker, if said first motion constrainer allows for motion along a first axis, and if said first actor does not include said second position-marker, translating said first actor along a projection of said first direction along said first axis; and

if said first actor includes said first position marker, if said first motion constrainer allows for motion along said first axis, and if said first actor does include said second position marker and said second motion constrainer allows for motion along a second axis, translating and rotating said first axis so that said first position marker stays along said first axis and said second position marker stays along said second axis.

16. The method of claim 15 further including the steps of:

determining whether a third actor is secured to said first actor; and

if said third actor is secured to said first actor, moving said third actor so that said relative position and orientation of said third actor to said first actor is unchanged.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein said third actor is determined to be secured to said first actor if said third actor includes a third position marker, and said first actor includes a third motion constrainer coupled to said position marker.

18. A method for constructing an interacting system of actors on a display screen, comprising the steps of:

constructing a first actor on said display screen using a predetermined set of actor construction primitives;

constructing a second actor on said display screen using said predetermined set of actor construction primitives;

placing a first motion-constraint icon at a first position located on said first actor;

placing a first position-marking icon at a second position located on said second actor;

securing said first position-marking icon to said first motion-constraint icon so as to movably secure said first actor to said second actor to form a third actor;

constructing a fourth actor on said display screen using said predetermined set of actor construction primitives;

constructing a fifth actor on said display screen using said predetermined set of actor construction primitives;

placing a second motion-constraint icon at a third position located on said fourth actor;

placing a second position-marking icon at a fourth position located on said second actor;

securing said second position-marking icon to said second motion-constraint icon so as to movably secure said fourth actor to said fifth actor to form a sixth actor;

coupling of a first motion of said first actor relative to said second actor with a second motion of said fourth actor relative to said fifth actor;

specifying a first displacement amount;

moving said first actor relative to said second actor by said first displacement amount; and

moving said fourth actor relative to said fifth actor by said first displacement amount.

19. The method of claim 18 further including the step of displaying an iconographic representation of said coupling of said first motion and said second motion on said display screen.

20. The method of claim 19 further including the step of removing said iconographic representation of said coupling from display on said display screen.