Crashworthy composite aircraft structure with integral fuel tank

• US 5,451,015 A
• Filed: 05/18/1993
• Issued: 09/19/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 05/18/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Bell Helicopter Textron Incorporated (Textron Inc)
• Original Assignee: Bell Helicopter Textron Incorporated (Textron Inc)
• Inventors: Berry, Victor L., Cronkhite, James D., Smith, Michael R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Barefoot, Galen L.
• Application Number:
  US08/063,937
• Time in Patent Office: 854 Days
• Field of Search: 244/117 R, 244/119, 244/135 R, 244/135 B, 244/131, 244/17.11, 188/377, 188/375, 188/376, 248/548
• US Class Current: 244/135.00R
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 1/062 specially adapted to absorb crash loads
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 2001/0072 from composite materials
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 27/04 Helicopters
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 2037/325 Fuel tanks with provisions for reduction hydraulic ram shocks due to projectile impacts
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 37/02 Tanks tanks constructed integrally with aircraft wings B64C; shape or construction of tanks per se B65D
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 37/04 Arrangement thereof in or on aircraft
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/40 Weight reduction

Abstract

A dual-purpose bulkhead structure functions to support normal aircraft operational loads and to absorb energy in a controlled manner during a crash. An integral fuel tank comprises a fuel compartment and a crashworthy flexible fuel cell. The fuel compartment includes two dual-purpose bulkheads and crushable foam disposed between the sides of the fuel cell and the bulkheads and sides of the fuel compartment. The foam limits fuel pressure loads on fuel compartment bulkheads and sides during a crash, thereby preventing their failure.

Claims

1. A crashworthy aircraft fuel tank comprising:

a fuel compartment formed by two bulkheads, two sides, and a bottom;

the bottom of the fuel compartment serving as a portion of the outer skin of the aircraft;

each bulkhead including a zone adapted to crush in a predictable, controlled manner when exposed to a compressive force exceeding a predetermined level; and

a crashworthy flexible fuel cell disposed within the fuel compartment and supported by the bottom thereof; and

the fuel compartment sides and bulkheads extending a substantial distance above said fuel cell when said fuel cell is fully fueled, thereby providing vertical clearance between said fuel cell and a member supported by said fuel compartment to prevent structural failure of said fuel compartment and damage to said fuel cell during a crash.

2. The fuel tank of claim 1 further comprising a crushable member disposed between the fuel cell and the fuel compartment sides and bulkheads, which crushable member is adapted to limit the buckling load imposed on the fuel compartment sides and bulkheads by the fuel cell to a predetermined level.

3. The fuel tank of claim 2 wherein the crushable member comprises a layer of foam material.

4. The fuel tank of claim 2 wherein the crushable member comprises a layer of foam material from which portions of the material have been removed.

5. The fuel tank of claim 2 wherein the crushable member comprises a plurality of crushable members.