Unidirectional helical reaction turbine operable under reversible fluid flow for power systems

• US 5,451,137 A
• Filed: 04/22/1994
• Issued: 09/19/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 01/11/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Northeastern University
• Original Assignee: Northeastern University
• Inventors: Gorlov, Alexander M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Look, Edward K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): LARSON, JAMES
• Application Number:
  US08/241,762
• Time in Patent Office: 515 Days
• Field of Search: 415/53.1, 415/53.2, 415/53.3, 415/90 A, 415/75, 415/7, 415/182.1, 416/85, 416/176, 416/177, 416/178, 416/187, 60/497
• US Class Current: 415/7
• CPC Class Codes: F03B 3/00 Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 13/20 Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 3/04 having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels F03D9/35 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 3/061 characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 3/062 characterised by their construction elements
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/25 the apparatus being an electrical generator F03D9/22 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2210/16 Air or water being indistinctly used as working fluid, i.e. the machine can work equally with air or water without any modification
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2240/215 of the panemone or "vehicle ventilator" type
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2240/2212 perpendicular to wind direction
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2240/33 Shrouds which are part of or which are rotating with the rotor
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2240/40 Use of a multiplicity of similar components
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2250/25 helical
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/20 Hydro energy
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/30 Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/728 Onshore wind turbines
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/74 Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Abstract

A reaction turbine capable of providing high speed unidirectional rotation under a reversible ultra low head pressure and/or high velocity fluid flow is disclosed. The turbine comprises a working wheel with a plurality of airfoil-shaped blades mounted transversely to the direction of fluid flow for rotation in a plane parallel to the fluid flow. The blades are arranged in a helical configuration, a modification of a delta turbine, which ensures that a portion of the blades are always positioned perpendicular to the fluid pressure, thereby creating maximum thrust to spin the turbine and ensuring a continuous speed of rotation with no accelerations and decelerations. The skewed leading edges further reduce resistance to the turbine rotation. A channel having a rectangular cross-section may be provided to direct the fluid flow to the blades. The channel may have a curved configuration having opposed changes in elevation or bulges directed towards the center of the turbine in a plane parallel to the flow of fluid to optimize the angle of attack of the fluid on the blades. At ultra low head fluid pressures, the turbine is capable of achieving high speeds, which, for gas turbines, are the speeds at which electric generators conventionally operate. For hydro applications, the helical turbine requires minimal gearing multiplication. The turbine is suitable for use in hydro-pneumatic, hydro, wind, or wave power systems.

Claims

1. A reaction turbine capable of unidirectional rotation under reversible fluid flow comprising:

a fluid flow path defined by an inflow fluid channel and an outflow fluid channel, and a turbine chamber disposed between said inflow and outflow channels;

a rotatable shaft transversely mounted in said turbine chamber;

at least one turbine blade support member fixedly mounted to said rotatable shaft for rotation therewith in a plane perpendicular to said shaft;

a plurality of turbine blades disposed transversely in said turbine chamber in a helical configuration about said rotatable shaft, each blade having an airfoil shape having a leading edge and a trailing edge and an airfoil profile lying in a plane parallel to said flow path, each of said blades fixedly mounted to said blade support member to be radially spaced from said rotatable shaft for rotation in a plane parallel to said flow path in the direction of said leading edge.

2. The reaction turbine of claim 1, wherein said at least one turbine blade support member comprises a pair a parallel, circular discs fixedly supported on said rotatable shaft.

3. The reaction turbine of claim 2, wherein each of said plurality of turbine blades extends transversely between said discs of said pair of discs.

4. The reaction turbine of claim 2, wherein said at least one turbine blade support member further comprises a plurality of radial spokes disposed in spaced locations intermediate said discs of said pair of discs.

5. The reaction turbine of claim 1, wherein said at least one turbine blade support member comprises a plurality of radial spokes.

6. The reaction turbine of claim 1, wherein said at least one turbine blade support member comprises a disc fixedly centrally supported on said rotatable shaft.

7. The reaction turbine of claim 1, wherein said plurality of turbine blades comprise a first turbine blade having a left-handed orientation and a second turbine blade having a right-handed orientation.

8. The reaction turbine of claim 1, further comprising an electric generator operatively connected to said rotatable shaft.

9. The reaction turbine of claim 1, wherein said turbine chamber has a curved configuration having opposite elevations in the plane parallel to said fluid flow path, said elevations being offset in the direction of rotation of said leading edge to rotatably channel fluid in said flow path and to direct fluid flow to said plurality of blades with a radial component of flow relative to said blades.

10. The reaction turbine of claim 1, wherein said turbine chamber includes a top wall having a first top section having a curved configuration and a second top section having a curved configuration, the first and second top sections meeting at a top line adjacent to the circular trajectory of said blades, and said turbine chamber includes a bottom wall having a first bottom section having a curved configuration and a second bottom section having a curved configuration, the first and second bottom sections meeting at a bottom line adjacent to the circular trajectory of said blades.

11. The reaction turbine of claim 10, wherein at least one of said top line or said bottom line is offset in the direction of rotation from an axis through said rotatable shaft and perpendicular to said flow path.

12. A system for harnessing the energy of current flow of a water body, comprising:

a vessel disposed at the surface of the water body;

a unidirectional reaction turbine capable of rotation under reversible fluid flow and mounted to said vessel to be submerged below the surface of the water body, said unidirectional reaction turbine comprising;

a rotatable shaft mounted to said vessel to extend perpendicularly to a direction of current flow;

at least one turbine blade support member fixedly mounted to said rotatable shaft for rotation therewith in a plane perpendicular to said shaft;

a plurality of turbine blades mounted to said turbine blade support member for rotation about said rotatable shaft, each blade having an airfoil shape having a leading edge and a trailing edge and an airfoil profile lying in a plane parallel to the current flow, each of said blades fixedly mounted to said blade support member to be radially spaced from said rotatable shaft for rotation in a plane parallel to said flow path in the direction of said leading edge;

a housing mounted to said vessel, the unidirectional reaction turbine disposed within said housing, said housing having opposed openings therein to allow the current flow to pass through said housing and past said reaction turbine, said housing further comprising top and bottom walls, said top and bottom walls having a curved configuration providing opposite elevations in a plane parallel to said direction of current flow, said elevations being offset in a direction of rotation of said leading edge to rotatably channel fluid flowing through said housing and to direct fluid flow to said plurality of blades with a radial component of flow relative to said blades; and

a generator operatively connected to said rotatable shaft.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein said turbine blades have a rectangular configuration.

14. The system of claim 12 wherein said turbine blades have a delta configuration.

15. The system of claim 12 wherein said turbine blades have a helical configuration.

16. The system of claim 12, wherein said generator is mounted to said vessel above the surface of the water body.

17. A system for harnessing the energy of a reversible fluid flow, comprising:

a turbine support disposed in a flow path of the fluid flow; and

a reaction turbine capable of unidirectional rotation under reversible fluid flow and mounted to said turbine support, said reaction turbine comprising;

a rotatable shaft mounted to said turbine support to extend perpendicularly to a direction of fluid flow;

at least one turbine blade support member fixedly mounted to said rotatable shaft for rotation therewith in a plane perpendicular to said shaft; and

a plurality of turbine blades having a helical configuration mounted to said turbine blade support member for rotation about said rotatable shaft, each blade having an airfoil shape having a leading edge and a trailing edge and an airfoil profile lying in a plane parallel to the fluid flow, each of said blades fixedly mounted to said blade support member to be radially spaced from said rotatable shaft for rotation in a plane parallel to said flow path in the direction of said leading edge.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein said turbine support comprises a vessel disposed at a surface of a body of water.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein said vessel comprises a catamaran.

20. The system of claim 18, further comprising a housing mounted to said vessel, said reaction turbine disposed within said housing, said housing having opposed openings therein to allow a current flow to pass through said housing and past said reaction turbine.

21. The system of claim 17, wherein each of said turbine blades comprise at least two blades, at least one of said blades having a left-handed orientation and at least another of said blades having a right-handed orientation.

22. The system of claim 17, further comprising a generator mounted to said turbine support in communication with said reaction turbine.

23. A system for harnessing the energy of current flow of a water body, comprising:

a vessel disposed at the surface of the water body;

a unidirectional reaction turbine capable of rotation under reversible fluid flow and mounted to said vessel to be submerged below the surface of the water body, said unidirectional reaction turbine comprising;

a rotatable shaft mounted to said vessel to extend perpendicularly to a direction of current flow;

at least one turbine blade support member fixedly mounted to said rotatable shaft for rotation therewith in a plane perpendicular to said shaft;

a plurality of turbine blades mounted to said turbine blade support member for rotation about said rotatable shaft, each blade having a delta configuration, each blade having an airfoil shape having a leading edge and a trailing edge and an airfoil profile lying in a plane parallel to the current flow, each of said blades fixedly mounted to said blade support member to be parallel to and radially spaced from said rotatable shaft for rotation in a plane parallel to said flow path in the direction of said leading edge; and

a generator operatively connected to said rotatable shaft.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein said generator is mounted to said vessel above the surface of the water body.

25. The system of claim 23, further comprising a housing mounted to said vessel, the unidirectional reaction turbine disposed within said housing, said housing having opposed openings therein to allow the current flow to pass through said housing and past said reaction turbine.

26. A system for harnessing the energy of current flow of a water body, comprising:

a vessel disposed at the surface of the water body;

a unidirectional reaction turbine capable of rotation under reversible fluid flow and mounted to said vessel to be submerged below the surface of the water body, said unidirectional reaction turbine comprising;

a rotatable shaft mounted to said vessel to extend perpendicularly to a direction of current flow;

at least one turbine blade support member fixedly mounted to said rotatable shaft for rotation therewith in a plane perpendicular to said shaft;

a plurality of turbine blades mounted to said turbine blade support member for rotation about said rotatable shaft, each blade having a helical configuration, each blade having an airfoil shape having a leading edge and a trailing edge and an airfoil profile lying in a plane parallel to the current flow, each of said blades fixedly mounted to said blade support member to be radially spaced from said rotatable shaft for rotation in a plane parallel to said flow path in the direction of said leading edge; and

a generator operatively connected to said rotatable shaft.

27. The system of claim 26, wherein said generator is mounted to said vessel above the surface of the water body.

28. The system of claim 26, further comprising a housing mounted to said vessel, the unidirectional reaction turbine disposed within said housing, said housing having opposed openings therein to allow the current flow to pass through said housing and past said reaction turbine.