Cathode for a solid-state battery

• US 5,451,476 A
• Filed: 11/23/1992
• Issued: 09/19/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/23/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania (University of Pennsylvania)
• Original Assignee: Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania (University of Pennsylvania)
• Inventors: Josefowicz, Jack Y.
• Primary Examiner(s): Willis, Jr., Prince
• Assistant Examiner(s): NUZZOLILLO, MARIA
• Application Number:
  US07/980,593
• Time in Patent Office: 1,030 Days
• Field of Search: 429/213, 429/235
• US Class Current: 429/213
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/02 Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/60 of organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

Cathode for collecting and donating charged particles. The cathode comprises current collector means for collecting charged particles injected into the cathode from an anode. Current conducting means are provided which are electrically interfaced to an ion transporting medium and to the current collector means. The current conductor means transfers charge from the current collector means to the ion transporting medium. The current conducting means comprises a plurality of core members and a charge donor material that donates charge to the ion transporting medium when the current collector means collects charged particles. A battery is also provided comprising the cathode and an anode means for discharging charged particles when the battery is loaded. Methods of manufacturing the cathode comprise coating a plurality of core members with a charge donating material and interfacing the coated core members to an ion transporting medium to provide a subassembly composite. The subassembly composite is interfaced with the current collector. In preferred embodiments, the cathode comprises a matrix of carbon fibers coated with an electrically conductive polymer which are integrally engaged with a polymeric ion transporting medium.

Claims

1. A cathode comprising:

current collector means for collecting charged particles injected into the cathode from an anode; and

current conducting means electrically interfaced to an ion transporting medium and to the current collector means for transferring charge from the current collector means to the ion transporting medium, wherein the current conducting means comprises a plurality of core members and a charge donor material that donates charge to the ion transporting medium when the charged particles are collected by the collector means, said current collector means comprising nickel or nickel alloy.

2. The cathode of claim 1 wherein said core members comprise fibers.

3. The cathode of claim 2 wherein said fibers comprise carbon fibers.

4. The cathode of claim 3 wherein said fibers comprise porous fibers.

5. The cathode of claim 2 wherein said charge donor material comprises an electrically conductive polymer.

6. The cathode of claim 5 wherein said electrically conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, poly(p-phenylene oxide), poly(p-phenylene sulfide) and poly(p-phenylene).

7. The cathode of claim 6 wherein said electrically conductive polymer comprises polyaniline.

8. The cathode of claim 5 wherein said electrically conductive polymer further comprises dopant.

9. The cathode of claim 8 wherein said dopant is selected from the group consisting of tetraalkylammonium salts, lithium salts, silver salts, organic acids and inorganic acids.

10. The cathode of claim 9 wherein said dopant is selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroborate, hexafluoroarsenate, hexafluorophosphate, perchlorate, fluorosulfonate, hydrogen sulfate, trifluoromethylsulfonate, trifluoroacetate, chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide, phosphorate and dichromate.

11. The cathode of claim 10 wherein said dopant is selected from the group consisting of dichromate, tetrafluoroborate, perchlorate, chloride, hexafluorophosphate, trifluoromethylsulfonate and hexafluoroarsenate.

12. The cathode of claim 11 wherein said dopant is selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroborate, dichromate and perchlorate.

13. The cathode of claim 12 wherein said dopant comprises perchlorate.

14. The cathode of claim 5 wherein said ion transporting medium has a melting temperature of about room temperature to about 65°

C.

15. The cathode of claim 14 wherein said ion transporting medium comprises an integral matrix of said fibers, electrically conductive polymer and ion transporting medium.

16. The cathode of claim 15 wherein said ion transporting medium comprises a substantially solid polymeric material.

17. The cathode of claim 16 wherein said ion transporting medium comprises poly(ethylene oxide).

18. A battery comprising:

anode means for discharging a first species of charged particles when the battery is loaded;

charged particle receiving means electrically interfaced to the anode means for receiving a second species of charged particles from the anode means;

current collector means electrically interfaced to the charged particle receiving means for receiving the first species of charged particles from the anode means when the battery is loaded;

core member means electrically interfaced to the current collector means and extending into the charged particle receiving means for transferring charge from the current collector means to the charged particle receiving means; and

charge donor means electrically interfaced with the core member means for donating a third species of charged particles to the charged particle receiving means when the battery is loaded.

19. The battery of claim 18 wherein said anode means comprises lithium or lithium alloy.

20. A method of manufacturing a cathode to be used in a battery comprising the steps of:

coating a plurality of core members with a charge donating material;

interfacing the coated core members to an ion transporting medium to provide a subassembly composite; and

interfacing the subassembly composite to a current collector.

21. The method according to claim 20 comprising coating a plurality of fibers.

22. The method of claim 21 comprising coating a plurality of carbon fibers.

23. The method of claim 22 comprising coating said carbon fibers with an electrically conductive polymer selected from the group consisting of polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, poly(p-phenylene oxide), poly(p-phenylene sulfide) and poly(p-phenylene).

24. The method of claim 23 comprising coating said carbon fibers with polyaniline.

25. The method of claim 24 comprising interfacing said carbon fibers to said ion transporting medium having a melting temperature of about room temperature to about 65°

C.

26. The method of claim 25 comprising interfacing said carbon fibers to said ion transporting medium to provide an integral matrix of said fibers, electrically conductive polymer and ion transporting medium.

27. The method of claim 26 comprising interfacing said carbon fibers with a substantially solid polymeric material.

28. The method of claim 27 comprising interfacing said carbon fibers to poly(ethylene oxide).

29. The method of claim 28 comprising polymerizing ethylene oxide in the presence of said carbon fibers.

30. The method of claim 20 comprising interfacing said subassembly composite to nickel or nickel alloy.