Multi-mode dual circularly polarized spiral antenna

• US 5,451,973 A
• Filed: 11/02/1993
• Issued: 09/19/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/02/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: TRW Inc. (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Inventors: Campbell, Donn V. D., Walter, Carlton H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wimer, Michael C.
• Application Number:
  US08/146,556
• Time in Patent Office: 686 Days
• Field of Search: 343/895, 343/853, 343/789
• US Class Current: 343/895
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/36 Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewithH01Q1/08, H01Q1/14 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/27 Spiral antennas

Abstract

A spiral antenna is provided which is capable of providing dual circular polarization operation with a large number of operating modes. The spiral antenna includes at least eight conductive spiral antenna arms extending outward about an axis of rotation. Each antenna arm has an inner end and an outer extending end and a plurality of arm width modulations formed therebetween for achieving dual circular polarization operation capability. Electrical feeds are coupled to the inner end of each of the spiral antenna arms. A feed network may be further connected to the electrical feeds for providing predetermined phase excitations to the corresponding spiral antenna arms so as to achieve the desired operating modes.

Claims

1. A dual circular polarization spiral antenna which is capable of providing multiple modes of operation comprising:

a plurality of conductive spiral antenna arms extending outward about an axis of rotation, each antenna arm having an inner end and an outer end and arm width modulations, said arm width modulations including alternately located wide sections and narrow sections for reflecting electromagnetic energy so as to enable radiation and detection of dual circular polarization, wherein a width ratio of said wide sections to said narrow sections increases from said inner end of each of said spiral antenna arms as said spiral antenna arms extend outward about said axis of rotation and said wide sections have a width of greater than four times the width of said narrow sections; and

feed means coupled to the inner end of each of said spiral antenna arms for providing predetermined phase excitations to achieve selected operating modes.

2. The antenna as defined in claim 1 wherein said plurality of conductive spiral antenna arms comprises at least eight conductive spiral antenna arms.

3. The antenna as defined in claim 1 wherein said antenna is adapted to provide N-2 modes, where N equals the number of conductive spiral antenna arms.

4. The antenna as defined in claim 1 wherein said antenna has a number of arm width modulations per revolution equal to the number of conductive spiral antenna arms.

5. The antenna as defined in claim 1 wherein said feed means comprise a Butler matrix feed network.

6. The antenna as defined in claim 5 wherein said feed means further comprises a plurality of coaxial connectors each coupled to the inner end of said antenna arms providing a transmission path between said spiral arms and said feed network.

7. The antenna as defined in claim 2 wherein said spiral arms, are formed within an antenna aperture which has an outer radius that allows for said antenna to provide at least six operating modes.

8. A multi-mode spiral antenna which is capable of handling dual circular polarization comprising:

at least eight conductive spiral antenna arms extending outward about an axis of rotation, each antenna arm having an inner end and an outer end with a plurality of arm width modulations, said arm width modulations including alternately located wide sections and narrow sections for reflecting electromagnetic energy so as to enable radiation and detection of at least three modes of left-hand circular polarization and at least three modes of right-hand circular polarization, wherein a width ratio of said wide sections to said narrow sections increases from said inner end of each of said spiral antenna arms as said spiral antenna arms extend outward about said axis of rotation; and

feed means coupled to the inner end of each of said spiral antenna arms for providing predetermined phase excitations in order to adapt said multi-mode spiral antenna for providing at least six selected operating modes.

9. The antenna as defined in claim 8 wherein each of said wide sections has a width of greater than four times the width of said narrow sections.

10. The antenna as defined in claim 9 wherein said antenna has a number of arm width modulations per revolution equal to the number of conductive spiral antenna arms.

11. The antenna as defined in claim 8 wherein said feed means comprise a Butler matrix feed-network for obtaining arm phasing for mode generation.

12. A method for providing a multi-mode dual circular polarization spiral antenna comprising:

forming an array of at least eight conductive spiral antenna arms in a spiral pattern about an axis of rotation, each arm having an inner end and an outer end;

forming modulations in each of said spiral antenna arms so as to provide for alternatively located first and second segments including the step of increasing a ratio of width of said second segments to said first segments as each of said spiral antenna arms extends outward about said axis of rotation, and wherein said ratio increases so that said second segments have a conductive width of at least four times the width of said first segments; and

coupling the inner end of each of said conductive spiral antenna arms to a feed network that is adapted to provide phase excitations for achieving at least six operating modes.

13. The method as defined in claim 12 further comprising the step of coupling said feed network to said spiral antenna arms via a plurality of coaxial transmission lines.

14. The method as defined in claim 12 further comprising the step of forming said spiral antenna arms within an antenna aperture having an outer radius that is large enough to allow for broadband multi-mode operations.

15. The method as defined in claim 12 wherein said feed network comprises a Butler matrix feed network.

16. A dual circular polarization spiral antenna which is capable of providing multiple modes of operation comprising:

a plurality of conductive spiral antenna arms extending outward about an axis of rotation, each antenna arm having an inner end and an outer end and arm width modulations, said arm width modulations including alternately located wide sections and narrow sections for reflecting electromagnetic energy so as to enable radiation and detection of dual circular polarization, wherein a ratio of width of said wide sections to said narrow sections increases from the inner end of each of said spiral antenna arms as said spiral antenna arms extend outward about said axis of rotation; and

feed means coupled to said inner end of each of said spiral antenna arms adapted to provide predetermined phase excitations to achieve selected operating modes.

17. The antenna as defined in claim 16 wherein said plurality of conductive spiral antenna arms comprises at least eight conductive spiral antenna arms adapted to provide for at least six operating modes.

18. The antenna as defined in claim 16 wherein said antenna has a number of arm width modulations per revolution equal to the number of conductive spiral antenna arms.

19. The antenna as defined in claim 16 wherein each of said wide sections has a width of greater than four times the width of said narrow sections.