Method and apparatus for using SONET overheat to align multiple inverse multiplexed data streams

• US 5,461,622 A
• Filed: 06/14/1994
• Issued: 10/24/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 06/14/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: TTI Inventions A LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Bell Communications Research, Inc. (Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson)
• Inventors: Lau, Joseph C., Bleickardt, Werner H., Eaves, John O.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hsu, Alpus
• Application Number:
  US08/259,418
• Time in Patent Office: 497 Days
• Field of Search: 370/55, 370/56, 370/84, 370/99, 370/100.1, 370/102, 370/105.1, 370/105.3, 370/106, 370/108, 370/110.1, 370/112, 375/116, 375/117, 375/118, 359/115, 359/118, 359/135
• US Class Current: 370/470
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 2203/0094 Virtual Concatenation
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0608 Detectors therefor, e.g. correlators, state machines
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0623 Synchronous multiplexing systems, e.g. synchronous digital hierarchy/synchronous optical network (SDH/SONET), synchronisation with a pointer process
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/1611 Synchronous digital hierarchy [SDH] or SONET H04J3/1664 takes precedence for interactions with OTN
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 370/907 Synchronous optical network, SONET

Abstract

A super-rate signal is split (213) by an inverse multiplexer (200) into plural SONET STS-1 signals for transmission over separate facilities. At the receiver (500) the plural received signals are likely to have misaligned frames and payloads within the frames. In order to realign the plural signals so that they can be properly recombined to reform the original super-rate signals, the SONET A1 and A2 framing bytes together with the H1 and H2 pointer bytes are extracted (506) and used to determine (507) from where in plural buffers (508) stored frames of each received signal should be read out so that the read out signals are properly aligned. If misalignment of greater than one frame is to be corrected, plural frames of each received signal are stored and the SONET J1 byte is used in conjunction with the framing and pointer bytes to properly align the signals.

Claims

1. In a system which splits a super-rate signal into plural lower-rate SONET signals and separately transmits those plural SONET signals to a receiver which combines the separately received SONET signals to reform the super-rate signal, each SONET signal being in a frame format having a fixed number of bytes per frame and each frame having a fixed number of transport overhead (TOH) bytes and a Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE) which contains a fixed number of path overhead (POH) bytes and a fixed number of payload bytes, the beginning of the SPE of the frame being slidably locatable at a plurality of byte locations, the TOH bytes including framing bytes (A1 and A2) which define the beginning of each frame and pointer bytes (H1 and H2) which point to the location of the beginning of the SPE in the frame, the beginning of the SPE of the frame being locatable at a plurality of byte locations relative to the H1 and H2 pointer bytes, the first byte in the SPE being a multiframe reference byte (J1) in the POH which repeats a predetermined pattern every fixed number of frames, a method for combining the plural received SONET signals to reform said super-rate signal comprising the steps of:

extracting the A1 and A2 framing bytes and the H1 and H2 pointer bytes in each of the plural received SONET signals;

determining the beginning of each frame from the extracted A1 and A2 framing bytes and the beginning of the SPE in each frame from the extracted H1 and H2 pointer bytes in each of the plural received SONET signals;

separately storing a fixed number of bytes of the payload from each of the plural received SONET signals;

using the extracted A1 and A2 framing bytes and H1 and H2 pointer bytes from each received SONET signal to determine byte storage locations from where the stored payloads of each of the plural received SONET signals are read-out so that the read out payloads of all of the plural received SONET signals are aligned in time; and

reading out the stored payloads of each of the plural received SONET signals from the determined byte storage locations;

combining the aligned read-out payloads of each of the plural received SONET signals to reform the super-rate signal.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the fixed number of payload bytes stored from each of the plural received SONET signals is equal to the number of payload bytes in a frame.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

extracting the J1 multiframe reference byte in each of the plural received SONET signals;

determining the number of frames each of the plural received SONET signals are misaligned in time from each other from the extracted J1 multiframe reference bytes; and

using the determined number of frames each of the plural received SONET signals are misaligned in time from each other together with the extracted A1 and A2 framing bytes and H1 and H2 pointer bytes to determine the byte storage locations from where the stored payloads of each of the plural received SONET signals are read-out so that the read out payloads of each of the plural received SONET signal are aligned in time.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the fixed number of payload bytes stored from each of the plural received SONET signal is less than or equal to the product of number of payload bytes in a frame and the fixed number frames over which the J1 multiframe reference byte repeats its predetermined pattern.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein fixed stuffing bytes are in fixed locations within the payload in each frame of each of the plural received SONET signals, the method further comprising the steps of:

determining the locations of the stuffing bytes within the payloads of each of the plural received SONET signals from the extracted A1 and A2 framing bytes and H1 and H2 pointer bytes; and

using the determined locations of the stuffing bytes within the payloads of each of the plural received SONET signals to inhibit storage of stuffing bytes from the payloads of each of the plural received SONET signals.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein a Stuffing Indicator byte is located in a fixed location of each frame of each of the plural received SONET signals, the Stuffing Indicator byte in each frame indicating whether a stuffing byte is located in a fixed location in the payload of the associated frame, the method further comprising the steps of:

extracting the Stuffing Indicator byte in each frame of each of the plural received SONET signals;

determining from the Stuffing Indicator byte whether a stuffing byte is located in the fixed location in the payload of the associated frame; and

inhibiting from storing the byte located in the fixed location in the payload of the associated frame if the Stuffing Indicator byte indicates that the byte in that fixed location is a stuffing byte.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the SONET signals are SONET Synchronous Transport Signal-Level 1 (STS-1 ) signals.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the SONET signals are SONET concatenated Synchronous Transport Signal-Level 3 (STS-3c) signals.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the SONET signals are concatenated integer multiples of SONET STS-1 signals.

10. In a system which splits a super-rate signal into plural lower-rate SONET signals and separately transmits those plural SONET signals to a receiver which combines the separately received SONET signals to reform the super-rate signal, each SONET signal being in a frame format having a fixed number of bytes per frame and each frame having a fixed number of transport overhead (TOH) bytes and a Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE) which contains a fixed number of path overhead (POH) bytes and a fixed number of payload bytes, the beginning of the SPE of the frame being slidably locatable at a plurality of byte locations, the TOH bytes including framing bytes (A1 and A2) which define the beginning of each frame and pointer bytes (H1 and H2) which point to the location of the beginning of the SPE in the frame, the beginning of the SPE of the frame being locatable at a plurality of byte locations relative to the H1 and H2 pointer bytes, the first byte in the SPE being a multiframe reference byte (J1) in the POH which repeats a predetermined pattern every fixed number of frames, the receiver for combining the plural received SONET signals to reform said super-rate signal comprising:

plural receiving means each for receiving an associated one of the separately transmitted SONET signals;

plural extracting means each for extracting the A1 and A2 framing bytes and the H1 and H2 pointer bytes in an associated one of the plural received SONET signals;

plural determining means each for determining the beginning of each frame from the extracted A1 and A2 framing bytes and the beginning of the SPE in each frame from the extracted H1 and H2 pointer bytes in an associated one of the plural received SONET signals;

plural storage means each for separately storing in byte storage locations a fixed number of bytes of the payload from an associated one of the plural received SONET signals;

control means responsive to the determined beginning of each frame and the beginning of each SPE in each of the plural received SONET signals for determining from which byte storage locations in each of the plural storage means the stored payloads of each of the plural received SONET signals are read-out, said control means causing each of the plural storage means to be read out from the determined byte storage locations so that the read out payloads of each of the plural received SONET signals are aligned in time; and

means for combining the aligned read-out payloads of each of the plural received SONET signal to reform the super-rate signal.

11. The receiver of claim 10 wherein each of the plural storage means stores a fixed number of payload bytes equal to the number of payload bytes in a frame.

12. The receiver of claim 10 wherein each of the plural means for extracting extracts the J1 multiframe reference byte in each of the plural received SONET signals, each of the plural means for determining determines the number of frames each of the plural received SONET signals are misaligned in time from each other from the extracted J1 multiframe reference bytes;

and the control means in response to the number of frames each of the plural received SONET signals are misaligned in time from each other together with the extracted A1 and A2 framing bytes and H1 and H2 pointer bytes locates from where in each of the plural storage means the stored payloads of each of the plural received SONET signals are read-out so that the read-out payloads of all of the plural received SONET signals are aligned in time.

13. The receiver of claim 12 wherein the fixed number of payload bytes stored from each of the plural received SONET signal by each of the plural storage means is less than or equal to the product of the number of payload bytes in a frame and the fixed number frames over which the multiframe reference byte J1 repeats its predetermined pattern.

14. The receiver of claim 10 wherein fixed stuffing bytes are in fixed locations within the payload in each frame of each of the plural received SONET signals, said plural determining means also determining from the extracted A1 and A2 framing bytes and the extracted H1 and H2 pointer bytes the locations of the stuffing bytes within the payloads of each of the plural received SONET signals and using these determined locations of the stuffing bytes to inhibit stuffing bytes from the payloads of each of the plural received SONET signal from being stored.

15. The receiver of claim 14 wherein a Stuffing Indicator byte is located in a fixed location of each frame of each of the plural received SONET signals, the Stuffing Indicator byte in each frame indicating whether a stuffing byte is located in a fixed location in the payload of the associated frame, said plural extracting means extracting the Stuffing Indicator byte in each frame of each of the plural received SONET signals, and said plural determining means also determining from the Stuffing Indicator byte whether a stuffing byte is located in the fixed location in the payload of the associated frame and inhibiting from storing that byte in the fixed location of the payload if the Stuffing Indicator byte indicates that the byte in that fixed location is a stuffing byte.

16. The receiver of claim 10 wherein the SONET signals are SONET Synchronous Transport Signal-Level 1 (STS-1) signals.

17. The receiver of claim 10 wherein the SONET signals are SONET concatenated Synchronous Transport Signal-Level 3 (STS-3c) signals.

18. The receiver of claim 10 wherein the SONET signals are concatenated integer multiples of STS-1 signals.