Regenerative condensing cycle

• US 5,461,882 A
• Filed: 07/22/1994
• Issued: 10/31/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 07/22/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United Technologies Corporation (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: United Technologies Corporation (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Zywiak, Thomas M.
• Primary Examiner(s): KILNER, CHRISTOPHER B
• Application Number:
  US08/278,822
• Time in Patent Office: 466 Days
• Field of Search: 62/87, 62/401, 62/402
• US Class Current: 62/401
• CPC Class Codes: B60H 1/00007 Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices control systems or mechanisms B60H1/00642
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 13/06 the air being conditioned pressurising B64D13/02
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 2013/0688 with means for recirculating cabin air
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2220/50 for auxiliary power units (APU's)
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 9/004 the refrigerant being air
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/40 Weight reduction
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/50 On board measures aiming to increase energy efficiency

Abstract

An air cycle environmental control system for an aircraft cabin is disclosed which utilizes cabin exhaust air to power a first stage turbine. This provides a significant increase in compressor power which increases the turbine cooling available in a second stage turbine. The ram air consumption is also reduced due to the cabin exhaust air being ported to the ram air inlet where it merges with the ram air prior to cooling of the bleed air supply in a dual heat exchanger.

Claims

1. An environmental control system for conditioning air prior to passing it to an area, comprising:

a. means for cooling air traveling along a first path using air from a first source, the first source air being fed along a second path to the means for cooling; and

b. first turbine means for expanding and cooling the first path air, wherein conditioned air exhausted from the area is fed along a third path to the second path where it merges with the first source air and further comprising a second turbine means, disposed in the third path, for expanding and cooling the conditioned exhaust air prior to the conditioned air merging with the first source air and is used together with the first source air for cooling the first path air.

2. The environmental control system of claim 1, further comprising compressor means, disposed in the first path, for compressing the first path air.

3. The environmental control system of claim 2, wherein the means for cooling comprises a primary heat exchanger and a secondary heat exchanger, the first path air traveling through a cooling section of each of the primary heat exchanger and the secondary heat exchanger, the compressor means being disposed along the first path at a point between the primary heat exchanger and the secondary heat exchanger, the first source air being constrained to travel along the second path through a heating section of each of the primary heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.

4. The environmental control system of claim 3, further comprising a condensing heat exchanger including a reheater and a condenser, the condensing heat exchanger being disposed in the first path, the first path air being constrained to travel through a cooling section of the reheater and a cooling section of the condenser, the conditioned exhausted air being constrained to travel through a heating section of the reheater and a heating section of the condenser, the second turbine means being disposed in the third path between the reheater and the condenser.

5. The environmental control system of claim 4, further comprising fan means for moving the first source air along the second path.

6. The environmental control system of claim 5, wherein the fan means, the first and second turbine means and the compressor means all comprise a four wheel air cycle machine having the fan means, the first and second turbine means and the compressor means connected by a rotatable shaft, the first turbine means comprising means for extracting energy from the first path air for rotating the shaft thereby rotating the compressor means and the fan means, the second turbine means comprising means for extracting energy from the conditioned exhausted air for rotating the shaft thereby rotating the compressor means and the fan means.

7. An air cycle air conditioning system for providing conditioned air to the cabin of an aircraft, the system comprising:

a. a primary heat exchanger for cooling bleed air traveling along a first flow path through use of ram air traveling along a second flow path;

b. a compressor, disposed in the first flow path, for compressing the bleed air from the primary heat exchanger;

c. a secondary heat exchanger for cooling the bleed air from the compressor on the first flow path through use of the ram air traveling along the second flow path;

d. a reheater for passing the bleed air on the first flow path in heat exchange relationship with conditioned air exhausted from the cabin and traveling along a third path;

e. a first turbine for expanding the exhausted conditioned air traveling along the third flow path from the reheater;

f. a condenser for passing the bleed air on the first flow path in heat exchange relationship with the exhausted conditioned air from the first turbine traveling along the third flow path, wherein the exhausted conditioned air from the condenser is passed along the third flow path to the second flow path where it merges with the ram air upstream of the primary and secondary heat exchangers to assist in cooling the bleed air passing through the primary and secondary heat exchangers; and

g. a second turbine for expanding the bleed air on the first flow path from the condenser.

8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a fan disposed in the second flow path downstream of the primary and the secondary heat exchangers, for urging the ram air to pass through the primary and secondary heat exchangers.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the compressor, the first and second turbines, and the fan comprise a four wheel air cycle machine;

the compressor, the first and second turbines and the fan being mounted on a rotatable shaft;

the first and second turbines being operable to extract energy from the exhausted conditioned air and the bleed air, respectively, during the expansion thereof for rotatably driving the shaft, the compressor and the fan.

10. An aircraft air conditioning system, comprising:

a. a four wheel air cycle machine including a fan rotor, a compressor rotor, a first stage turbine and a second stage turbine;

b. a dual heat exchanger having a primary heat exchanger and a secondary heat exchanger both operable to cool a bleed air by a ram air passing therethrough, the fan rotor operable to assist in the flow of ram air through the dual heat exchanger, the compressor rotor operable to compress the bleed air exiting the primary heat exchanger before passing it to the secondary heat exchanger; and

c. a condensing heat exchanger including a reheater and a condenser, the reheater operable cool the bleed air exiting the secondary heat exchanger using cabin exhaust air, the cabin exhaust air exiting the reheater being expanded and cooled by the first stage turbine, the cabin exhaust air exiting the first stage turbine is fed to the condenser where it cools the bleed air exiting the reheater and passing through the condenser, the bleed air exiting the condenser being fed to the second stage turbine where it is expanded and cooled, the cabin exhaust air exiting the condenser being merged with the ram air upstream of the dual heat anger and assisting the ram air in cooling the bleed air in the dual heat exchanger.

11. The air conditioning system of claim 10, wherein the fan rotor, the compressor rotor, and the first and second stage turbines are all connected by a common rotatable shaft, the first stage turbine being operable to extract energy from the cabin exhaust air to rotate the shaft, the second stage turbine being operable to extract energy from the bleed air to rotate the shaft.