Resistorless VCO including current source and sink controlling a current controlled oscillator

• US 5,463,353 A
• Filed: 09/06/1994
• Issued: 10/31/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 09/06/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Alvarez, Jose, Countryman, Roger S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Grimm, Siegfried H.
• Application Number:
  US08/300,238
• Time in Patent Office: 420 Days
• Field of Search: 331/2, 331/8, 331/10, 331/17, 331/25, 331/34, 331/57, 331/177 R
• US Class Current: 331/2
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 3/0231 Astable circuits H03K3/0315 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 3/03 Astable circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 3/0322 with differential cells
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 3/354 Astable circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 2207/06 Phase locked loops with a controlled oscillator having at least two frequency control terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0893 the up-down pulses controlling at least two source current generators or at least two sink current generators connected to different points in the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0898 the source or sink current values being variable H03L7/0896 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0995 the oscillator comprising a ring oscillator
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/18 using a frequency divider or counter in the loop H03L7/20, H03L7/22 take precedence

Abstract

A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 16 generates a periodic clock signal without the use any resistors. Therefore, the described VCO may be advantageously incorporated into devices fabricated with semiconductor processes without special resistor-base design constraints.

Claims

1. A resistorless voltage controlled oscillator comprising:

a capacitor comprising a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal receiving an input voltage level, the second terminal receiving a first voltage supply;

a first transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the first voltage supply, the control electrode coupled to the first terminal of the capacitor, the second terminal coupled to an intermediate node;

a current sourcing circuit coupled to the intermediate node, the current sourcing circuit sourcing current to the intermediate node responsive to a first control signal;

a current sinking circuit coupled to the intermediate node, the current sinking circuit sinking current from the intermediate node responsive to a second control signal; and

a current controlled oscillator coupled to the intermediate node, the current controlled oscillator generating a periodic clocking signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

2. The resistorless voltage controlled oscillator of claim 1 wherein the current sourcing circuit comprises:

a first constant current source comprising a first and a second terminal, the first terminal receiving the first voltage supply;

a second transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving a second voltage supply, the second current electrode and the control electrode coupled to the second terminal of the first constant current source;

a third transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode coupled to the intermediate node, the control electrode coupled to the control electrode of the second transistor;

a fourth transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the second voltage supply, the second current electrode coupled to the second current electrode of the third transistor, the control electrode receiving the first control signal; and

wherein the current sinking circuit comprises;

a second constant current source comprising a first and a second terminal, the first terminal receiving the second voltage supply;

a fifth transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the first voltage supply, the second current electrode and the control electrode coupled to the second terminal of the second constant current source;

a sixth transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode coupled to the intermediate node, the control electrode coupled to the first current electrode and the control electrode of the fifth transistor;

a seventh transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the first voltage supply, the second current electrode coupled to the second current electrode of the sixth transistor, the control electrode receiving the second control signal.

3. The resistorless voltage controlled oscillator of claim 2 wherein the current controlled oscillator comprises a first ring oscillator generating the periodic clocking signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

4. The resistorless voltage controlled oscillator of claim 3 wherein the current controlled oscillator further comprises a second ring oscillator generating a logical complement of the periodic clocking signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

5. The resistorless voltage controlled oscillator of claim 1 wherein the current sourcing circuit comprises:

a second transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the first voltage supply, the control electrode coupled to the control electrode of the first transistor;

a third transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving a second voltage supply, the second current electrode and the control electrode coupled to the second current electrode of the second transistor;

a fourth transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode coupled to the intermediate node, the control electrode coupled to the control electrode of the third transistor;

a fifth transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the second voltage supply, the second current electrode coupled to the second current electrode of the fourth transistor, the control electrode receiving the first control signal; and

wherein the current sinking circuit comprises;

a sixth transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode coupled to the intermediate node, the control electrode coupled to the control electrode of the first transistor;

a seventh transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the first voltage supply, the second current electrode coupled to the second current electrode of the sixth transistor, the control electrode receiving the second control signal.

6. The resistorless voltage controlled oscillator of claim 5 wherein the current controlled oscillator comprises a first ring oscillator generating the periodic clocking signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

7. The resistorless voltage controlled oscillator of claim 6 wherein the current controlled oscillator further comprises a second ring oscillator generating a logical complement of the periodic clocking signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

8. The resistorless voltage controlled oscillator of claim 1 wherein the current controlled oscillator comprises a first ring oscillator generating the periodic clocking signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

9. The resistorless voltage controlled oscillator of claim 8 wherein the current controlled oscillator further comprises a second ring oscillator generating a logical complement of the periodic clocking signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

10. A system comprising:

a phase/frequency detector receiving a reference clock signal and a feedback clock signal, the phase/frequency detector generating a first control signal and a second control signal responsive to a phase and frequency relationship of the reference clock signal and a feedback clock signal;

a charge pump coupled to the phase/frequency detector, the charge pump generating an output voltage responsive to the first and second control signals;

a voltage controlled oscillator coupled to the charge pump and to the phase/frequency detector, the voltage controlled oscillator generating the feedback clock signal, the voltage controlled oscillator comprising;

a capacitor comprising a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal receiving said output voltage, the second terminal receiving a first voltage supply;

a first transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the first voltage supply, the control electrode coupled to the first terminal of the capacitor, the second terminal coupled to an intermediate node;

a current sourcing circuit coupled to the intermediate node, the current sourcing circuit sourcing current to the intermediate node responsive to the first control signal;

a current sinking circuit coupled to the intermediate node, the current sinking circuit sinking current from the intermediate node responsive to the second control signal; and

a current controlled oscillator coupled to the intermediate node, the current controlled oscillator generating the feedback clock signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein the current sourcing circuit comprises:

a first constant current source comprising a first and a second terminal, the first terminal receiving the first voltage supply;

a second transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving a second voltage supply, the second current electrode and the control electrode coupled to the second terminal of the first constant current source;

a third transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode coupled to the intermediate node, the control electrode coupled to the control electrode of the second transistor;

a fourth transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the second voltage supply, the second current electrode coupled to the second current electrode of the third transistor, the control electrode receiving the first control signal; and

wherein the current sinking circuit comprises;

a second constant current source comprising a first and a second terminal, the first terminal receiving the second voltage supply;

a fifth transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the first voltage supply, the second current electrode and the control electrode coupled to the second terminal of the second constant current source;

a sixth transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode coupled to the intermediate node, the control electrode coupled to the first current electrode and the control electrode of the fifth transistor;

a seventh transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the first voltage supply, the second current electrode coupled to the second current electrode of the sixth transistor, the control electrode receiving the second control signal.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein the current controlled oscillator comprises a first ring oscillator generating the feedback clock signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein the current controlled oscillator further comprises a second ring oscillator generating a logical complement of the feedback clock signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

14. The system of claim 10 wherein the current sourcing circuit comprises:

a second transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the first voltage supply, the control electrode coupled to the control electrode of the first transistor;

a third transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving a second voltage supply, the second current electrode and the control electrode coupled to the second current electrode of the second transistor;

a fourth transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode coupled to the intermediate node, the control electrode coupled to the control electrode of the third transistor;

a fifth transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the second voltage supply, the second current electrode coupled to the second current electrode of the fourth transistor, the control electrode receiving the first control signal; and

wherein the current sinking circuit comprises;

a sixth transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode coupled to the intermediate node, the control electrode coupled to the control electrode of the first transistor;

a seventh transistor comprising a first current electrode, a second current electrode and a control electrode, the first current electrode receiving the first voltage supply, the second current electrode coupled to the second current electrode of the sixth transistor, the control electrode receiving the second control signal.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein the current controlled oscillator comprises a first ring oscillator generating the feedback clock signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein the current controlled oscillator further comprises a second ring oscillator generating a logical complement of the feedback clock signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

17. The system of claim 10 wherein the current controlled oscillator comprises a first ring oscillator generating the feedback clock signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.

18. The system of claim 17 wherein the current controlled oscillator further comprises a second ring oscillator generating a logical complement of the feedback clock signal responsive to the current sourced at the intermediate node.