Method and apparatus for multiple reply rejection when decoding transponder replay signals

• US 5,463,398 A
• Filed: 11/16/1993
• Issued: 10/31/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/16/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: L-3 Communications Avionics Systems Incorporated (L3Harris Technologies, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Bfgoodrich Flightsystems Incorporated
• Inventors: Young, Eddie L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sotomayor, John B.
• Application Number:
  US08/153,724
• Time in Patent Office: 714 Days
• Field of Search: 342/30, 342/32, 342/37, 342/38, 342/40, 342/39, 342/46
• US Class Current: 342/46
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/762 with special measures concerning the radiation pattern, e.g. S.L.S. aerials or aerial systems providing at least two radiation patterns, e.g. providing sum and difference patterns, H01Q25/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/784 Coders or decoders therefor; Degarbling systems; Defruiting systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/91 for traffic control G01S13/93 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/93 for anti-collision purposes
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/46 using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems

Abstract

Apparatus for rejecting multipath reply signals received from a target transponder within a selectable time period, comprising: a top antenna and a bottom antenna to detect reply signals; means for determining an altitude code associated with each reply signal detected by the antennas respectively; means for determining a differential time of arrival (DTA) value for each reply signal detected by the antennas respectively; and processing means for: 1) producing, for each top antenna reply signal, a top antenna target report that includes the altitude code and DTA values; 2) producing for each bottom antenna reply signal, a bottom antenna target report that includes the altitude code and DTA data; and 3) comparing each top antenna report data with corresponding data from each bottom antenna report, and marking out each bottom antenna report that is a multipath reply based on such comparison.

Claims

1. A method for rejecting multiple reply signals received from a target transponder within a selectable time period, comprising the steps of:

a. determining an angle of arrival (AOA) value for each reply signal using an antenna that produces, in response to said reply signals, phase related signals corresponding to target bearing;

b. determining an altitude code associated with each reply signal;

c. determining a differential time of arrival (DTA) value for each reply signal based on the difference between the time the reply signal was received and a predetermined reference time;

d. producing, for each reply signal, a target report that includes said altitude code, AOA and DTA values; and

e. comparing said altitude code, AOA and DTA data of an anchor target report with other target reports for matching, within defined limits, corresponding data of each other target report and said anchor target report to identify matched target reports and marking out such matched target reports as multiple replies from the target corresponding to the anchor target report.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step (e.) of comparing said target reports includes the steps of:

i) storing a list of all the target reports in temporal order of DTA; and

ii) identifying, as said anchor target report, the earliest target report not marked as a multiple reply, and comparing said anchor target report data with data of each later received target report not marked as a multiple reply;

iii) marking out each multiple target report based on said data comparison; and

iv) repeating steps ii) and iii) for the entire list of reports.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said step of marking out a multiple report by matching report data is based on the following criteria:

1) anchor report altitude code is matched identical to the compared report altitude code; and

2) DTA value of anchor report is matched within a predetermined time difference of the compared report DTA; and

3) AOA value of anchor report is matched within a predetermined angle of the compared report AOA.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of using a second antenna for detecting said reply signals, said second antenna being non-directional so that AOA information is unavailable from said antenna.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of producing target reports for reply signals detected by said second antenna, each said second antenna report having DTA and altitude code data for the corresponding reply signal.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein for each step of comparing an anchor report to an other report:

if the reports'"'"' data match and include AOA values, then the report with the smaller DTA is kept as the best report and the report with the larger DTA is marked out;

if the reports'"'"' altitude codes and DTA values match but only one report has AOA data, then the report with AOA data is kept as the best report and the report without AOA data is marked out;

if the reports'"'"' altitude codes and DTA values match but neither report has AOA data, then the report with the smaller DTA is kept as the best report and the report with the larger DTA is marked out.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said second antenna is a bottom antenna on an aircraft and said first antenna is a top antenna on an aircraft.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising multipath rejection of bottom antenna reports with said antenna of step (a) being a top antenna, comprising the additional steps of:

f. using a bottom antenna for detecting said reply signals, said bottom antenna being non-directional so that AOA information is unavailable from said antenna;

g. producing target reports for reply signals detected by said bottom antenna, each said bottom antenna report having DTA and altitude code data for the corresponding reply signal; and

h. comparing each unmarked report produced from top antenna signals with each unmarked report produced from said bottom antenna signals, and marking out each bottom antenna report that matches a top antenna report based on a predetermined matching criteria for altitude and DTA.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein a bottom antenna report is marked out if its altitude code is an exact match with and its DTA value is greater than, by a predetermined time period, the corresponding altitude code and DTA value of an unmarked top antenna report.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising multipath rejection of top antenna reports, comprising the steps of:

i. storing a list of unmarked target reports based on said multiple reply and bottom antenna multipath rejection steps;

j. using a number of said unmarked target reports to update target tracking signatures;

k. storing a list of update target reports used to update target signatures; and

l. comparing altitude code, AOA and DTA values of each update target report with corresponding data of each unmarked target report, in said list, that were produced from the top antenna; and

marking out multipath top antenna reports based on said comparison.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said top antenna reports are marked out based on matching criteria of:

i) altitude codes exactly match; and

ii) DTA values match within a predetermined range; and

iii) AOA values match within a predetermined range.

12. A method for rejecting multipath reply signals received from a target transponder within a selectable time period, comprising the steps of:

a. using a top antenna and a bottom antenna to detect reply signals;

b. determining an altitude code associated with each reply signal detected by said antennas;

c. determining a differential time of arrival (DTA) value for each reply signal detected by said antennas;

d. producing, for each top antenna reply signal, a top antenna target report that includes said altitude code and DTA values, and producing for each bottom antenna reply signal, a bottom antenna target report that includes said altitude code and DTA data; and

e. comparing each top antenna target report data with corresponding data from each bottom antenna target report, and marking out each bottom antenna target report whose altitude code and DTA value are matched to the corresponding altitude code and DTA value of a top antenna target report based on a predetermined matching criteria.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein said matching criteria for altitude codes is an exact match and for DTA values is for the bottom antenna DTA report value being greater than the DTA value of the top antenna report value, but within a predetermined time period thereof.

14. Apparatus for rejecting multiple reply signals received from a target transponder within a selectable time period, comprising:

antenna means for receiving the reply signals and producing phase related signals corresponding to target bearing;

means for determining an angle of arrival (AOA) value for each reply signal corresponding to target bearing;

means for determining an altitude code associated with each reply signal;

means for determining a differential time of arrival (DTA) value for each reply signal based on the difference between the time the reply signal was received and a predetermined reference time; and

processing means for;

     1) producing, for each reply signal, a target report that includes said altitude code, AOA and DTA values; and

     2) comparing said altitude code, AOA and DTA data of an anchor target report with other target reports for matching, within defined limits, corresponding data of each other target report and said anchor target report to identify matched target reports, and marking out such matched target reports as multiple replies from the target corresponding to the anchor target report.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising memory means for storing a list of all the target reports in temporal order of DTA;

said processing means further operating to;

i) identify, as said anchor target report, the earliest target report not marked as a multiple reply, and comparing said anchor target report data with data of each later received target report not marked as a multiple reply;

ii) mark out each multiple target report based on said data comparison; and

iii) repeat steps i) and ii) for the entire list of reports.

16. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said antenna means is disposed on top of an aircraft;

said apparatus further comprising bottom antenna means on the aircraft for detecting the reply signals;

said processing means producing target reports for reply signals detected by said bottom antenna, each said bottom antenna target report having DTA and altitude code data for its corresponding reply signal;

said processing means comparing each unmarked top antenna target report with each unmarked bottom antenna target report, and marking out each bottom antenna target report whose altitude code and DTA value are matched to the corresponding altitude code and DTA value of an unmarked top antenna target report based on a predetermined matching criteria.

17. Apparatus for rejecting multipath reply signals received from a transponder of a mobile target within a selectable time period, comprising:

a top antenna and a bottom antenna to detect reply signals;

means for determining an altitude code associated with each reply signal detected by said antennas respectively;

means for determining a differential time of arrival (DTA) value for each reply signal detected by said antennas respectively; and

processing means for;

     1) producing, for each top antenna reply signal, a top antenna target report that includes said altitude code and DTA values;

     2) producing for each bottom antenna reply signal, a bottom antenna target report that includes said altitude code and DTA data; and

     3) comparing each top antenna target report altitude code and DTA data with corresponding altitude code and DTA data from each bottom antenna target report, and marking out each bottom antenna target report that is identified as a multipath reply based on such comparison.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17 wherein a bottom antenna report is marked out if its altitude code is an exact match with, and whose DTA value is greater than, but within a predetermined time period of, the corresponding altitude code and DTA value of a top antenna report.

19. A method for rejecting multiple reply signals received from a transponder of a mobile target within a selectable time period, comprising the steps of:

a. determining an altitude code associated with each reply signal;

b. determining a differential time of arrival (DTA) value for each reply signal;

c. producing a target report for each reply signal which report includes said altitude code and DTA value; and

d. comparing said altitude code and DTA value of each target report for matching, within defined limits, corresponding data of each other target report, and marking out target reports that identified as are multiple replies from the mobile target based on said comparisons.

20. The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of determining angle of arrival (AOA) data for each reply signal received by a directional antenna, and using AOA values as a third matching criteria for marking out target reports as multiple replies when two compared reports both have AOA data.

21. Apparatus for rejecting multiple reply signals received from a transponder of a mobile target within a selectable time period comprising:

means for determining an altitude code for each reply signal;

means for determining a differential time of arrival (DTA) value for each reply signal; and

processing means for identifying multiple reply signals of said mobile target based on a comparison of said altitude code and DTA data for each reply signal with respect to each other reply signal.

22. A method for rejecting multipath reply signals received from a transponder of a mobile target within a selectable time period, comprising the steps of:

a. using a top and bottom antenna to detect reply signals;

b. determining an altitude code for each reply signal;

c. determining a differential time of arrival (DTA) value for each reply signal; and

d. comparing the altitude code and DTA value of reply signals detected by the top antenna to the altitude code and DTA value of reply signals detected by the bottom antenna and identifying multipath bottom antenna detected reply signals based on matching criteria for the corresponding altitude codes and DTA values.