Enthalpy calculator

• US 5,467,287 A
• Filed: 02/09/1994
• Issued: 11/14/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 02/09/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Johnson Controls Technology Company (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Original Assignee: Johnson Service Company
• Inventors: Wenner, Ronald J., Rudich, George Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cosimano, Edward R.
• Application Number:
  US08/194,039
• Time in Patent Office: 643 Days
• Field of Search: 62/176.6, 236/44 C, 364/505
• US Class Current: 700/276
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 17/06 Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems G01K17/02, G01K17/04 take precedencee.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device

Abstract

A method and apparatus for controlling an environmental parameter is disclosed. The apparatus includes a source of energy controlled air and a source of external air. A damper determines the amount of external air and energy controlled air provided to the room. A control circuit controls the position of the damper in response to an enthalpy calculator. The enthalpy calculator includes a temperature sensitive resistor having a resistance RT and a relative humidity sensitive capacitor wherein the capacitance of the relative humidity sensitive capacitor is CS. An electronic circuit includes RT and CS and provides an output h: ##EQU1## The method includes the steps of providing energy controlled air and external air. The temperature and humidity of the external air are sensed, and the enthalpy is calculated using the equation ##EQU2## where t is the temperature and RH is the relative humidity. The amount of external air provided is adjusted using the calculated enthalpy as a parameter.

Claims

1. An enthalpy computing system for use in controlling an environmental condition of a room, comprising:

a temperature sensor having an output RT indicative of temperature;

a humidity sensor having an output CS indicative of humidity;

an electronic circuit having the output RT as a first input and the output CS as a second input, wherein the electronic circuit provides an output h of the form;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">h=K1+K2*F1(RT)+K3*F2(CS)+K4*F1(RT)*F2(CS);

a source of energy controlled air;

a source of external air;

a damper, connected to the source external air and further connected to the source of energy controlled air, wherein a position of the damper determines how much of the external air and the energy controlled air is provided to the room, and wherein the position of the damper is based on the output h.

2. The enthalpy computing system of claim 1, wherein h is a calculated enthalpy having an error from actual enthalpy of no more than 4% over a range of temperatures from 55 degrees to 105 degrees and a range of humidities from 0% to 100%.

3. The enthalpy computing system of claim 1, wherein said electronic circuit further comprises:

voltage means for applying a voltage potential to said output RT of said temperature sensor;

charging and discharging means for charging up to a voltage supplied thereto and for discharging said voltage at an output port when said voltage is not supplied to said charging and discharging means;

switching means for connecting and disconnecting said voltage means to said charging and discharging means according to a predetermined rate, wherein said predetermined rate allows for said charging and discharging means to fully charge up to said voltage supplied thereto before said voltage is switched away from said charging and discharging means by said switching means; and

amplification means for amplifying said voltage received from said output port of said charging and discharging means by a predetermined amount, and outputting said output h as a result thereof,

wherein said output CS of said humidity sensor is connected to said charging and discharging means and charges and discharges at times equal to when said charging and discharging means charges and discharges, and wherein said output RT of said temperature sensor is connected to said voltage means.

4. The enthalpy computing system of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is a temperature sensitive resistor, and wherein RT is the resistance of the temperature sensitive resistor.

5. The enthalpy computing system of claim 4, wherein RT is given by:

##EQU16## where a, b and c are constants and T is the temperature in degrees R.

6. The enthalpy computing system of claim 5, wherein the humidity sensor is a relative humidity sensitive capacitor, and wherein the capacitance of the relative humidity sensitive capacitor is CS.

7. The enthalpy computing system of claim 6, wherein CS is given by CS=c0+c1,*RH+c2,*RH², where c0, c1 and c2 are constants and RH is the percent relative humidity.

8. The enthalpy computing system of claim 7, wherein:

the electronic circuit comprises a first voltage source having a voltage of VR, and a second voltage source having a voltage of VR1, a third voltage source having a voltage of VX, a first capacitance having a capacitance of C1, a second capacitance having a capacitance of C2, and a resistor having a resistance of R0; and

the output h is further of the form;

##EQU17##

9. The enthalpy computing system of claim 8, wherein said electronic circuit further comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a fourth switch, a third capacitance having a capacitance of C3, and a fourth capacitance having a capacitance of CF, and an op amp A1,

and wherein said third voltage source VX is connected at one end to a group potential and is connected at another end to said output RT of said temperature sensor;

said resistor R0 is connected at one end to said ground potential and is connected at another end to said output RT of said temperature sensor, said resistor R0 being in a series relationship with respect to said temperature sensor;

said second voltage source VR1 is connected at one end to said ground potential and is connected at another end to said second switch;

said first voltage source V1 is connected at one end to said ground potential and is connected at another end to said op amp A1, said first switch and said output CS of said humidity sensor;

said first switch having an input side connected to said second capacitance C2 and having an output side that can be set to one of a first and a second position, said first switch is connected to said output RT of said temperature sensor and to said resistor R0 when in said first position and is connected to said fourth capacitance CF when in said second position,

said second switch having an input side connected to said second capacitance C2 and having an output side that can be set to one of a first and second position, said second switch is connected to said another end of said second voltage source VR1 when in said first position and is connected to said output CS of said humidity sensor and said first voltage source VR when in said second position;

said third capacitance C3 having a first end connected to said output CS of said humidity sensor and having a second end connected to said third switch;

said third switch having an input side connected to said third capacitance C3 and having an output side that can be set to one of a first and a second position, said third switch is connected to said output RT of said temperature sensor when in said first position and is connected to said fourth capacitance CF and to said op amp A1 when in said second position;

said op amp A1 having an inverting input connected to said third switch and to said fourth capacitance CF and having a non-inverting input connected to said another end of said first voltage source VR, said first switch and said output CS of said humidity sensor, said op amp A1 having an output from which the output h is obtained;

said fourth capacitance CF having a first end connected to said inverting input of said op amp A1 and to said fourth switch and having a second end connected to said output of said op amp A1;

said fourth switch having an input side connected to said first capacitance C1 and having an output side that can be set to one of a first and a second position, said fourth switch is connected to said output of said op amp A1 when in said first position and is connected to said first end of said fourth capacitance CF and said inverting input of said op amp A1 when in said second position;

said first capacitance C1 having a first end connected to said input of said fourth switch and having a second end connected to said another end of said first voltage source VR and said non-inverting input of said op amp A1; and

a clock circuit connected to said first switch, said second switch, said third switch, and said fourth switch, wherein said clock circuit changes said switches from said first position to said second position and from said second position to said first position all at a same time and at a predetermined rate, and wherein said first, second, third and fourth capacitances C1, C2, C3 and CF, and said output CS of said humidity sensor are charged when said first, second, third and fourth switches are in said first position, and said first, second, third and fourth capacitances C1, C2, C3 and CF, and said output CS of said humidity sensor are discharged when said first, second, third and fourth switches are in said second position.

10. The enthalpy computing system of claim 9, further comprising a second resistor having a resistance of R1 and being connected in a parallel relationship with respect to said output CS of said humidity sensor.

11. The enthalpy computing system of claim 9, wherein said predetermined rate of the clock circuit allows each of said first, second, third and fourth capacitances C1, C2, C3 and CF, and said output CS of said humidity sensor to be completely charged and discharged during any one cycle, and wherein a time length of said any one cycle is determined as an inverse of the predetermined rate.

12. The enthalpy computing system of claim 11, wherein said second capacitance C2 is charged when said output side of said first switch and said second switch are in said first position and is discharged when said output side of said first switch and said second switch are in said second position, said third capacitance C3 and said output CS of said humidity sensor are charged when said output side of said third switch is in said first position and are discharged when said output side of said third switch is in said second position, and said fourth capacitance CF is charged when output of said fourth switch is in said first position and is discharged when said output of said fourth switch is in said second position.

13. An enthalpy computing system for use in controlling an environmental condition of a room, comprising:

a temperature sensor having an output RT indicative of temperature;

a humidity sensor having an output CS indicative of humidity;

an electronic circuit having the output RT as a first input and the output CS a second input, wherein the circuit provides an output h of the form;

##EQU18## a source of energy controlled air;

a source of external air;

a damper, connected to the source of external air and further connected to the source of energy controlled air, wherein a position of the damper determines how much of the external air and the energy controlled air is provided to the room, and wherein the position of the damper is based on the output h.

14. The enthalpy computing system of claim 13, wherein the temperature sensor is a temperature sensitive resistor, wherein RT is the resistance of the temperature sensitive resistor.

15. The enthalpy computing system 14, wherein RT is given by:

##EQU19## where a, b and c are constants and T is the temperature.

16. The enthalpy computing system of claim 15, wherein the humidity sensor is a relative humidity sensitive capacitor, and wherein the capacitance of the relative humidity sensitive capacitor is CS.

17. The enthalpy computing system of claim 16, wherein CS is given by CS=C0+c1*RH+c2*RH², where c0, c1 and c2 are constants and RH is the percent relative humidity.

18. The enthalpy computing system of claim 17, wherein the electronic circuit comprises a first voltage source having a voltage of VR, a second voltage source having a voltage of VR1, a feedback amplifier having a gain of FB, a first capacitance having a capacitance of C1, a second capacitance having a capacitance of C2, and a resistor having a resistance of R0;

and

wherein the output h is further of the form;

##EQU20##

19. The enthalpy computing system of claim 18, wherein VR is substantially 0.96 volts, VR1 is substantially -0.126 volts, C1 is substantially 56 picofarads, C2 is substantially 150 picofarads, FB is substantially -0.1514, and R0 is substantially 14,300 ohms.

20. An enthalpy computing system for use in controlling an environmental condition of a room, comprising:

a temperature sensor having an output RT indicative of temperature;

a humidity sensor having an output CS indicative of temperature;

an electronic circuit having the output RT as a first input and the output CS a second input, wherein the circuit provides an output h and models the equation;

##EQU21## and T is temperature and a1-a6 are constants;

a source of energy controlled air;

a source of external air;

a damper, connected to the source of external air and further connected to the source of energy controlled air, wherein a position of the damper determines how much of the external air and the energy controlled air is provided to the room, and wherein the position of the damper is based on the output h.

21. The enthalpy computing system of claim 20, wherein the temperature sensor is a temperature sensitive resistor, and wherein RT is the resistance of the temperature sensitive resistor and RT is given by:

##EQU22## where a, b and c are constants and T is the temperature in degrees R.

22. The enthalpy computing system of claim 21, wherein h is a calculated enthalpy having an error from actual enthalpy of no more than 4% over a range of temperatures from 55 degrees to 105 degrees F. and a range of humidities from 0% to 100%.

23. The enthalpy computing system of claim 21, wherein the humidity sensor is a relative humidity sensitive capacitor, and wherein the capacitance of the relative humidity sensitive capacitor is CS, and CS is given by Cs=c0+c1*RH+c2*RH², where c0, c1 and c2 are constants and RH is the percent relative humidity.

24. The enthalpy calculator of claim 23 wherein:

the electronic circuit comprises a first voltage source having a voltage of VR and a second voltage source having a voltage of VR1, a third voltage source having a voltage of VX, a first capacitance having a capacitance of C1, a second capacitance having a capacitance of C2, and resistor having a resistance of R0; and

the output h is further of the form;

##EQU23##

25. The enthalpy computing system of claim 23, wherein the electronic circuit comprises a first voltage source having a voltage of VR, a second voltage source having a voltage of VR1, a feedback amplifier having a gain of FB, a first capacitance having a capacitance of C1, a second capacitance having a capacitance of C2, and a resistor having a resistance of R0;

and

wherein the output h is further of the form;

##EQU24##

26. The enthalpy computing system of claim 25, wherein VR is substantially 0.96 volts, VR1 is substantially -0.126 volts, C1 is substantially 56 picofarads, C2 is substantially 150 picofarads, FB is substantially -0.1514, and R0 is substantially 14,300 ohms.

27. A system for controlling an environmental parameter of a room, comprising:

a source of energy controlled air;

a source of external air;

a damper, connected to the source of external air and further connected to the source of energy controlled air, wherein a position of the damper determines whether the external air is provided to the room;

a control circuit comprising;

a temperature sensor having an output RT indicative of temperature;

a humidity sensor having an output CS indicative of humidity;

an electronic circuit having RT as a first input and the CS a second input, wherein the circuit provides an output h and models the equation;

##EQU25## and T is temperature and a1-a6 are constants, and wherein the control circuit is connected to the damper and controls the position of the damper with the output h of the circuit being a parameter used to determine the position of a damper.

28. The system of claim 27, wherein h is a calculated enthalpy having an error from actual enthalpy of no more than 4% over a range of temperature from 55 degrees to 105 degrees and a range of humidities from 0% to 100%.

29. The system of claim 27, wherein the temperature sensor is a temperature sensitive resistor, and wherein RT is the resistance of the temperature sensitive resistor and RT is given by:

##EQU26## where a, b and c are constants and T is the temperature.

30. The system of claim 29, wherein the humidity sensor is a relative humidity sensitive capacitor wherein the capacitance of the relative humidity sensitive capacitor is CS and CS is given by CS=c0+c1*RH+c2*RH², where c0 c1 and c2 are constants and RH is the percent relative humidity.

31. The system of claim 30, wherein:

the electronic circuit comprises a first voltage source having a voltage of VR, and a second voltage source having a voltage of VR1, a third voltage source having a voltage of VX, a first capacitance having a capacitance of C1, a second capacitance having a capacitance of C2, and a resistor having a resistance of R0; and

the output h is further of the form;

##EQU27##

32. The system of claim 31, wherein VX is substantially -0.493 volts, VR is substantially 1.54 volts, VR1 is substantially -3.023 volts, C1 is substantially 56 picofarads, C2 is substantially 150 picofarads, and R0 is substantially 2100 ohms.

33. The system of claim 30, wherein the electronic circuit comprises a first voltage source having a voltage of VR, a second voltage source having a voltage of VR1, a feedback amplifier having a gain of FB, a first capacitance having a capacitance of C1, a second capacitance having a capacitance of C2, a third capacitance having a capacitance of CF, and a resistor having a resistance of R0;

and

wherein the output h is further of the form;

##EQU28##

34. The system of claim 33, wherein VR is substantially 0.96 volts, VR1 is substantially -0.126 volts, C1 is substantially 56 picofarads, C2 is substantially 150 picofarads, FB is substantially -0.1514, and R0 is substantially 14,300 ohms.

35. A method for controlling an environmental parameter of a room, comprising:

providing energy controlled air;

providing external air;

sensing the temperature of the external air;

sensing the humidity of the external air;

using an electronic circuit to calculate enthalpy based on the equation ##EQU29## and T is temperature, RH is relative humidity a1-a6 are constants, and t is the temperature and;

adjusting a damper position to control the amount of external air with the calculated enthalpy being a parameter used to determine the damper position.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the step of calculating further includes calculating an output of the form:

##EQU30## wherein VR is a first voltage, VR1 is a second voltage, VX is a third voltage, C1 is a first capacitance, C2 is a second capacitance, and R0 is a resistance in the electronic circuit.

37. The method of claim 35, wherein the step of calculating includes the further step of calculating an output of the form:

##EQU31## wherein VR is a first voltage source, VR1 is a second voltage source, FB is a feedback gain, C1 is a first capacitance, C2 is a second capacitance, Cs is a third capacitance and R0 is a resistance in the electronic circuit.

38. The method of claim 35, wherein the step of calculating includes the step of calculating enthalpy with an error from actual enthalpy of no more than 4% over a range of temperature from 55 degrees to 105 degrees F and a range of humidities from 0% to 100%.