Methods and apparatus for time stamp correction in an asynchronous transfer mode network

• US 5,467,342 A
• Filed: 10/05/1994
• Issued: 11/14/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 01/12/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Scientific-Atlanta Incorporated (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Cheung, Francis, Logston, Gary L., Hammond, Maynard, Wasilewski, Anthony J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hsu, Alpus
• Application Number:
  US08/318,124
• Time in Patent Office: 405 Days
• Field of Search: 370/13, 370/17, 370/58.1, 370/58.2, 370/58.3, 370/60, 370/60.1, 370/79, 370/82, 370/83, 370/94.1, 370/94.2, 370/99
• US Class Current: 370/253
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0632 Synchronisation of packets and cells, e.g. transmission of voice via a packet network, circuit emulation service [CES] queuing arrangements in packet switching elements H04L49/90; synchronising systems for the synchronous transmission of a pulse code modulated video signal with one or more other pulse code modulated signals H04N7/56
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5616 Terminal equipment, e.g. codecs, synch.
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5649 Cell delay or jitter
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5652 Cell construction, e.g. including header, packetisation, depacketisation, assembly, reassembly
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23608 Remultiplexing multiplex streams, e.g. involving modifying time stamps or remapping the packet identifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2381 Adapting the multiplex stream to a specific network, e.g. an Internet Protocol [IP] network transmission of MPEG streams over ATM H04L12/5601
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/242 Synchronization processes, e.g. processing of PCR [Program Clock References] arrangements for synchronising broadcast or distribution via plural systems in broadcast distribution systems H04H20/18
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4305 Synchronising client clock from received content stream, e.g. locking decoder clock with encoder clock, extraction of the PCR packets arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter by comparing receiver clock with transmitter clock H04L7/0012; arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter wherein the receiver takes measures against momentary loss of synchronisation H04L7/0083
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4381 Recovering the multiplex stream from a specific network, e.g. recovering MPEG packets from ATM cells transmission of MPEG streams over ATM H04L12/5601
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/64307 ATM
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/64784 Data processing by the network data processing in packet switching systems H04L12/56; flow control in packet networks H04L47/10; intermediate storage or scheduling H04L49/90; provisioning of proxy services in data packet switching networks H04L67/56
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 11/0478 Provisions for broadband connections

Abstract

Packets of data, some of which may carry a timestamp value, are transmitted through an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network. Prior to transmission, each packet of data is encapsulated in a respective convergence sublayer protocol data unit (CS-PDU) having a header portion and a payload portion. The header portion of each CS-PDU contains a time correction indicator (TCI), which indicates whether the CS-PDU carries a packet of data having a timestamp value that may require correction after the CS-PDU passes through the network, and a time reference correction (TRC) field. Each CS-PDU is then segmented into a plurality of successive segments; a first one of the segments of each CS-PDU contains the CS-PDU header. Each segment is then inserted into the payload section of a respective ATM cell for transmission through the network. At each node in the network, cells are examined to determine if they contain a CS-PDU header. If a cell contains a CS-PDU header, any variable delays imposed upon that cell as it passed through the node are measured and added to the TRC field in the CS-PDU header prior to sending the cell to the next node. At a destination node, the accumulated TRC value may be added to the time stamp value of the packet carried in the CS-PDU in order to compensate for the variable delays imposed upon that packet as the cells carrying the packet traversed the network.

Claims

1. A method of transmitting a packet of data through an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network wherein the packet of data contains a timestamp value, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) encapsulating the packet of data in a convergence sublayer protocol data unit (CS-PDU) having a header and a payload, the payload comprising the packet of data;

(b) segmenting the CS-PDU and inserting successive segments of the CS-PDU into a plurality of ATM cells, one of said ATM cells carrying the CS-PDU header;

(c) maintaining, in a field of the CS-PDU header carried in said one ATM cell, a value indicative of the accumulated variable delay imposed upon said one ATM cell as the plurality of ATM cells are transmitted through switching nodes of the network;

(d) receiving said plurality of ATM cells at a destination node of the network, and reassembling the CS-PDU therefrom; and

(e) adjusting the timestamp value of the packet of data based on the accumulated delay value in said field of the CS-PDU header.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein step (c) comprises performing the following steps at each switching node through which said plurality of ATM cells are transmitted:

(i) receiving said plurality of ATM cells and identifying the ATM cell carrying the CS-PDU header;

(ii) determining the amount of variable delay imposed by the switching node on the ATM cell carrying the CS-PDU header; and

(iii) adding a value indicative of the amount of variable delay to said field of the CS-PDU header.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein each of said plurality of ATM cells comprises a header and a payload, the payload portion of each ATM cell carrying a respective one of the segments of the CS-PDU, the header of each ATM cell comprising an indicator that indicates whether that ATM cell carries the CS-PDU header, and further wherein, at each switching node, said step of identifying the ATM cell carrying the CS-PDU header comprises examining the indicator in the header of each ATM cell received by the switching node.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein each switching node has an input, an output and a local system clock, and wherein the amount of variable delay imposed on the ATM cell carrying the CS-PDU header by a switching node is determined as follows:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation"> T.sub.N =LSCR(t.sub.out)-LSCR(t.sub.in)-D

where,

T_N is the amount of variable delay imposed on the ATM cell;

LSCR(t_out) is the value of the local system clock of the switching node when the ATM cell reaches the output of the switching node;

LSCR(t_in) is the value of the local system clock of the switching node when the ATM cell reaches the input of the switching node; and

D is a measure of the constant delay imposed by the switching node on all ATM cells.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of adjusting the timestamp value of the packet of data comprises adding the accumulated delay value to the timestamp value.

6. A method of transmitting packets of data through an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network wherein selected ones of the packets of data contain timestamp values, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) encapsulating each packet of data in a respective convergence sublayer protocol data unit (CS-PDU) having a header and a payload, the payload comprising the respective packet of data, the header comprising a time reference correction (TRC) field;

(b) segmenting each CS-PDU and inserting successive segments of each CS-PDU into a respective plurality of ATM cells, one of the respective plurality of ATM cells containing the header of the CS-PDU, each ATM cell having a header comprising an indicator that indicates whether the ATM cell carries the header of a CS-PDU;

(c) transmitting each ATM cell into the network and performing the following additional steps at each of a plurality of switching nodes in the network;

(i) receiving an ATM cell at the switching node and determining, based on the indicator in the header of the received ATM cell, whether the received ATM cell carries the header of a CS-PDU;

(ii) if the received ATM cell carries the header of a CS-PDU, then determining the amount of variable delay imposed by the switching node on the received ATM cell; and

(iii) adding a value indicative of the amount of variable delay to the TRC field of the CS-PDU header carried in the ATM cell prior to transmitting the ATM cell to a next switching node;

(d) receiving a plurality of ATM cells containing the respective segments of one of said CS-PDUs and reassembling the CS-PDU therefrom; and

(e) if the packet of data carried in the payload of the CD-PDU contains a timestamp value, adjusting the timestamp value based on the accumulated delay value in the TRC field of the CS-PDU header.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the header of each CD-PDU further comprises a time correction indicator (TCI) that indicates whether the packet of data carried in the payload of the CS-PDU contains a timestamp value, and wherein step (c) further comprises examining the TCI of the CD-PDU header and only performing steps (c) (ii) and (c) (iii) if the TCI indicates that the packet of data carried in the payload of that CS-PDU contains a timestamp value.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein each switching node has an input, an output and a local system clock, and wherein the amount of variable delay imposed by a switching node on an ATM cell carrying the header of a CS-PDU is determined as follows:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation"> T.sub.N =LSCR(t.sub.out)-LSCR(t.sub.in)-D

where,

T_N is the amount of variable delay imposed on the ATM cell;

LSCR(t_out) is the value of the local system clock of the switching node when the ATM cell reaches the output of the switching node;

LSCR(t_in) is the value of the local system clock of the switching node when the ATM cell reaches the input of the switching node; and

D is a measure of the constant delay imposed by the switching node on all ATM cells.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein said step of adjusting the timestamp value in the packet of data comprises adding the accumulated delay value to the timestamp value.

10. A method of transmitting packets of data through an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network wherein selected ones of the packets of data contain timestamp values, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) encapsulating each packet of data in a respective convergence sublayer protocol data unit (CS-PDU) having a header and a payload, the payload comprising the respective packet of data, the header comprising a time reference correction (TRC) field and a time correction indicator (TCI) that indicates whether the packet of data in the payload of the CS-PDU contains a timestamp value;

(b) segmenting each CS-PDU and inserting successive segments of each CS-PDU into a respective plurality of ATM cells, one of the respective plurality of ATM cells containing the header of the CS-PDU, each ATM cell having a header comprising an indicator that indicates whether the ATM cell carries the header of a CS-PDU;

(c) transmitting each ATM cell into the network and performing the following additional steps at each of a plurality of switching nodes in the network;

(i) receiving an ATM cell at the switching node and determining, based on the indicator in the header of the received ATM cell, whether the received ATM cell carries the header of a CS-PDU;

(ii) if the received ATM cell carries the header of a CS-PDU, then examining the TCI in the CS-PDU header and determining therefrom whether packet of data carried in the payload of that CS-PDU contains a timestamp value;

(iii) if the TCI indicates that the packet of data contains a timestamp value, then determining the amount of variable delay imposed by the switching node on the received ATM cell; and

(iv) adding a value indicative of the amount of variable delay to the TRC field of the CS-PDU header carried in the received ATM cell prior to transmitting that ATM cell to a next switching node.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein each switching node has an input, an output and a local system clock, and wherein the amount of variable delay imposed by a switching node on an ATM cell carrying the header of a CS-PDU is determined as follows:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation"> T.sub.N =LSCR(t.sub.out)-LSCR(t.sub.in)-D

where,

T_N is the amount of variable delay imposed on the ATM cell;

LSCR(t_out) is the value of the local system clock of the switching node when the ATM cell reaches the output of the switching node;

LSCR(t_in) is the value of the local system clock of the switching node when the ATM cell reaches the input of the switching node; and

D is a measure of the constant delay imposed by the switching node on all ATM cells.

12. The method of claim 10 further comprising performing the following steps at a destination node of the network:

(i) receiving a plurality of ATM cells containing the respective segments of a CS-PDU and reassembling the CS-PDU therefrom;

(ii) extracting the respective packet of data from the payload of the reassembled CS-PDU;

(iii) examining the TCI of the header of the CS-PDU to determine whether the extracted packet of data contains a timestamp value; and

(iv) if the TCI indicates that the packet of data contains a timestamp value, adjusting the timestamp value based on the accumulated delay value in the TRC field of the CS-PDU header.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein said step of adjusting the timestamp value in the packet of data comprises adding the accumulated delay value to the timestamp value.