Method and apparatus using threshold techniques for generating an alarm in a bio-sensor

• US 5,469,144 A
• Filed: 11/04/1994
• Issued: 11/21/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/13/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Bio Sensor, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Biological Monitoring Inc.
• Inventors: Gruber, David, Gradzki, Pawel, Kaynor, Mark
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezron E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Oda, Christine K.
• Application Number:
  US08/337,236
• Time in Patent Office: 382 Days
• Field of Search: 340/573, 340/603, 364/413.03, 364/413.05, 328/140, 324/76.39, 324/76.18, 324/76.25, 324/76.68, 119/2, 119/3, 119/4
• US Class Current: 340/603
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/186 using one or more living organisms, e.g. a fish

Abstract

A method for selecting and implementing waveform processing techniques for a Bio-Sensor®. The ventilatory cycles of a fish are used to determine when an alarm state is present. Threshold techniques used in the waveform processing include a dynamic threshold method and a static threshold method.

Claims

1. A method for processing and assessing a bio-electric waveform as generated by neuromuscular activity of aquatic organisms, comprising the steps of:

a) non-contact monitoring of ventilatory and locomotor behavior variables of aquatic organisms;

b) converting the ventilatory and locomotor behavior variables into frequency components;

c) selecting one of two waveform processing techniques for quantifying the monitored ventilatory and locomotor behavior frequencies;

d) comparing the monitored quantified ventilatory and locomotor behavior frequencies with a mean frequency changing with time and one of plus and minus a predetermined number of standard deviations;

e) generating, based on the comparison in said step d), a warning when the ventilatory and locomotor behavior frequencies of the aquatic organisms are one of statistically greater than and less than a predetermined value; and

f) outputting an alarm when an alarm state occurs when a predetermined number of warnings are simultaneously generated for a predetermined number of aquatic organisms.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said one of two waveform processing techniques for quantifying the ventilatory and locomotor behavior frequencies selected in said step c) includes:

aa) a dynamic threshold level waveform processing technique; and

bb) a static threshold level waveform processing technique.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said dynamic threshold level waveform processing technique comprises:

i) determining a peak amplitude voltage of a first waveform;

ii) determining whether a second waveform is forming another peak;

iii) counting two consecutive threshold crossings of said first and second waveforms as one ventilatory cycle;

iv) determining a dynamic threshold value based on a peak-to-peak voltage of said first and second waveforms and a time elapsed from a previously established peak;

v) comparing the dynamic threshold value with the difference between the previously established peak and a present data point; and

vi) adjusting a threshold level based on the dynamic threshold value.

4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the static threshold level waveform processing technique comprises the steps of:

i) determining a threshold crossing of the ventilatory behavior frequency of aquatic organisms; and

ii) counting two consecutive threshold crossings as one ventilatory cycle for determining the alarm state.

5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said step b) further comprises calculating an assessment interval equal to an amount of time in which one of the aquatic organisms ventilates a predetermined number of times.

6. A method according to claim 5, wherein said step (d) comprises the substep of comparing a present ventilatory and locomotor behavioral frequency of one of the aquatic organisms to past ventilatory and locomotor behavioral frequencies averaged over a predetermined number of assessment intervals and one of plus and minus a predetermined number of standard deviations.

7. A method according to claim 5, further comprising the substep of re-calculating an assessment interval when one of the aquatic organisms consecutively generates the predetermined number of warnings without the alarm occurring.

8. An apparatus for processing and assessing a bio-electric waveform as generated by neuromuscular activity of aquatic organisms, comprising:

means for sensing and quantifying ventilatory behavior and locomotor behavior of aquatic organisms into data and the apparatus outputting the data as behavioral frequencies; and

means for selecting a waveform processing technique, including a dynamic threshold level processing technique and a static threshold level processing technique, and for comparing the behavioral frequency with a predetermined behavioral frequency changing with time in accordance with the selected processing technique, generating a warning when the behavioral frequency of one of the aquatic organisms is one of statistically greater than and less than the predetermined behavior frequency and outputting an alarm when the behavioral frequency of more than a predetermined number of the aquatic organisms is one of statistically greater than and less than the predetermined behavioral frequency.

9. An apparatus for processing and assessing a bio-electric waveform as generated by neuromuscular activities of aquatic organisms, comprising:

a sensor for sensing and quantifying ventilatory behavior and locomotor behavior of aquatic organisms into data and outputting the data as a behavioral frequency;

a processor for selecting a waveform processing technique, including a dynamic threshold level processing technique and a static threshold level processing technique, and comparing the behavioral frequency with a predetermined frequency changing with time in accordance with the selected processing technique and outputting a warning signal when the behavioral frequency of one of the aquatic organisms is one of statistically greater than and less than a predetermined behavioral frequency; and

an alarm circuit for receiving the warning alarm signal and generating an alarm when the behavioral frequency of a predetermined number of the aquatic organisms is one of statistically greater than and less than the predetermined behavioral frequency during a predetermined interval.

10. A method for processing and assessing a bio-electric waveform as generated by the neuromuscular activity of aquatic organisms and converting the bio-electric waveform into behavioral frequencies, each of said aquatic organisms is in a tank and considered as a separate channel, said method comprising the steps of:

a) monitoring behavioral frequencies generated by neuromuscular activity of the aquatic organisms;

b) processing a predetermined number of assessment intervals, an assessment interval equal to an amount of time in which one of the aquatic organisms performs neuromuscular activity a predetermined number of times;

c) selecting one of two waveform processing techniques for processing the behavioral frequencies including;

(i) a dynamic threshold level waveform processing technique, comprising;

a1) determining a peak amplitude voltage of a first waveform;

b1) determining whether a second waveform is producing another peak;

c1) counting two consecutive threshold crossings of said first and second waveforms as one ventilatory cycle;

d1) determining a dynamic threshold value based on a peak-to-peak voltage of said first and second waveforms and a time elapsed from a previously established peak;

e1) comparing the dynamic threshold value with the difference between the previously established peak and a pre-set data point; and

f1) adjusting the threshold level based on the dynamic threshold value; and

ii) a static threshold level waveform processing technique, comprising;

a2) determining a threshold crossing of the behavioral frequencies of one of the aquatic organisms; and

b2) counting two consecutive threshold crossings as one behavioral cycle for determining a warning state; and

d) calibrating each separate channel, including the substeps of;

i) determining the mean behavioral frequency and standard deviation for each channel, a calibration period being equal to the predetermined number of assessment intervals multiplied by a number of samples required for a statistical event; and

ii) continuously adjusting an acceptable range of behavioral frequencies;

e) comparing a current processed one of the behavioral frequencies of one of the aquatic organisms to past processed behavioral frequencies of the aquatic organisms averaged over the predetermined number of assessment intervals and one of plus and minus a predetermined number of standard deviations;

f) generating a warning when the comparison is one of statistically greater than and less than the acceptable range of behavioral frequencies; and

g) generating an alarm when a predetermined number of the aquatic organisms are in simultaneous warning states.

11. A method according to claim 10, wherein said continuously adjusting substep ii) in said step d) comprises the step of continuously adjusting an acceptable range of behavioral frequencies by choosing a different standard deviation taken around a behavioral mean.

12. A method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of recalibrating the respective channel when a single one of the aquatic organisms consecutively generates a predetermined number of the warnings.

13. A method for processing and assessing a bio-electric waveform as generated by neuromuscular activity of aquatic organisms and converting the bio-electric waveform into behavioral frequency comprising the steps of:

a) monitoring behavioral frequency generated by neuromuscular activity of the aquatic organisms;

b) selecting one of two waveform processing techniques for quantifying the monitored behavioral frequency, said one of two waveform processing techniques including;

i) a dynamic threshold level waveform processing technique, including the steps of;

a1) determining a peak amplitude voltage of a first waveform;

b1) determining whether a second waveform is producing another peak;

c1) counting two consecutive threshold crossings of said first and second waveforms as one behavioral cycle;

d1) determining a dynamic threshold value based on a peak-to-peak voltage of said first and second waveforms and a time elapsed from a previously established peak;

e1) comparing the dynamic threshold value with the difference between the previously established peak and a present data point; and

f1) adjusting a threshold level based on the dynamic threshold value; and

ii) a static threshold level waveform processing technique including;

a2) determining a threshold crossing of the behavioral frequency of one of the aquatic organisms; and

b2) counting two consecutive threshold crossings as one behavioral cycle for determining a warning state;

c) comparing the monitored quantified behavioral frequency with a mean frequency plus or minus a predetermined number of standard deviations; and

d) determining, based on the comparison in said step c), to send an alarm.

14. A method according to claim 13, wherein said behavioral frequency includes data based on one of ventilatory rate, turns and episodes, and quivers.