Passive SAW-ID tags using a chirp transducer

• US 5,469,170 A
• Filed: 10/20/1994
• Issued: 11/21/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 10/20/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States of America, The, As Represented By The Secretary of Army of Department of Army
• Original Assignee: The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
• Inventors: Mariani, Elio A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lobo, Ian J.
• Application Number:
  US08/326,553
• Time in Patent Office: 397 Days
• Field of Search: 310/313 R, 310/313 B, 342/44, 342/51, 340/825.54, 340/825.69
• US Class Current: 342/51
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/755 using delay lines, e.g. acoustic delay lines
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0675 the resonating marks being of the surface acoustic wave [SAW] kind SAW devices per se H03H9/64
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 9/6406 Filters characterised by a particular frequency characteristic

Abstract

A Passive Surface Acoustic Wave Identification Tag ("SAW-ID tag") device utilizes pulse compression techniques and a large number of coding possibilities for identifying articles at enhanced ranges. The SAW-ID tag device provides a piezoelectric substrate having bus bars, spaced electrode taps between the bus bars and a built-in antenna, with an input chirped SAW transducer having a dispersive, complementary matched filter response to an input expanded chirp signal from an expanded linear FM chirp waveform actively generated by a nearby chirp transmitter. The input expanded chirp signal is fed into the input chirped SAW transducer through the built-in antenna, to compresses the input expanded chirp signal into a narrow, compressed pulse signal propagating toward the electrodes taps. The spacing of the electrode taps establishes the desired unique time-ordered coding. The electrode taps sample the narrow, compressed pulse signal and provide narrow, compressed pulse samples propagating a coded, pulse train output transmitted via the antenna to a nearby interrogation means to identify the tagged article. The preferred embodiment is an SAW-ID tag device with a piezoelectric quartz substrate about 1 inch long, a built-in dipole antenna and five (5) spaced electrode taps, establishing several million coding possibilities. Also disclosed are methods of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device, and methods of selectively disconnecting and connecting electrodes to facilitate mass production.

Claims

1. An SAW-ID tag device, comprising:

a piezoelectric substrate with temperature-stable characteristics, having a top surface and a bottom surface;

an upper bus bar, a lower bus bar, a plurality of electrode taps and an input chirped SAW transducer disposed on said top surface of the piezoelectric substrate;

said input chirped SAW transducer being capable of providing a dispersive, complementary matched filter response to a chirp waveform input signal and being connected to said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar;

a built-in antenna being connected to said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar;

said plurality of electrode taps being disposed between said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar and being connected to said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar;

a transmitter generating an expanded FM chirp waveform;

said plurality of electrode taps being spaced at predetermined distances from each other establishing a time-ordered code;

said input chirped SAW transducer, receiving said expanded FM chirp waveform as an expanded input chirp signal through said antenna and compressing said input expanded chirp signal into a narrow, compressed pulse signal propagating toward said plurality of electrode taps;

said plurality of electrode taps producing a plurality of narrow, compressed pulse samples propagating a time-ordered pulse train output to said antenna; and

said antenna transmitting a time-ordered pulse train output signal back to a means for interrogation identifying said SAW-ID tag device.

2. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 1, wherein:

said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar extend in a generally linear fashion;

said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar run substantially parallel to each other; and

said plurality of electrode taps are orthogonally disposed between said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar.

3. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 2, wherein said piezoelectric substrate is quartz.

4. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 3, wherein said antenna is a dipole antenna.

5. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 3, wherein said antenna is a loop antenna.

6. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 4, further comprising combining said means for interrogation with said transmitter.

7. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 6, further comprising placing said transmitter in proximity to said SAW-ID tag device.

8. An SAW-ID tag device, as recited in claim 7, wherein:

said input chirped SAW transducer is disposed on said top surface of the piezoelectric substrate in proximity to said antenna; and

said input chirped SAW transducer is spaced sufficiently away from said plurality of electrode taps to prevent said narrow, compressed pulse signal from overlapping in time with said plurality of narrow, compressed pulse samples.

9. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 8, further comprising said electrode taps being separated by a separation spacing, T_n, where n is an integer.

10. An SAW-ID tag device, comprising:

a piezoelectric quartz substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface;

an upper bus bar, a lower bus bar, five electrode taps, a built-in antenna and an input chirped SAW transducer disposed on said top surface of the piezoelectric quartz substrate;

said input chirped SAW transducer being capable of providing a dispersive, complementary matched filter response to a chirp waveform input signal and being connected to said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar;

said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar extending in a generally linear fashion and running substantially parallel to each other;

said five electrode taps being connected to said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar;

said five electrode taps being orthogonally disposed between said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar and being spaced at a plurality of predetermined distances from each other establishing a time-ordered code;

a transmitter placed in proximity to said piezoelectric quartz substrate generating an expanded FM chirp waveform;

said input chirped SAW transducer receiving said expanded FM chirp waveform as an expanded input chirp signal through said antenna and compressing said expanded input chirp signal into a narrow, compressed pulse signal which propagates toward said five electrode taps;

said five electrode taps producing five narrow, compressed pulse samples propagating a time-ordered pulse train output to said antenna; and

said antenna transmitting a time-ordered pulse train output signal back to a means for interrogation identifying said SAW-ID tag device.

11. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 10, wherein said antenna is a dipole antenna.

12. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 10, wherein said antenna is a loop antenna.

13. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 11, further comprising combining said means for interrogation with said transmitter.

14. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 13, further comprising placing said transmitter in proximity to said SAW-ID tag device.

15. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 14, wherein:

said input chirped SAW transducer is disposed on said top surface of the piezoelectric quartz substrate in proximity to said antenna.

16. An SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 15, wherein:

said input SAW transducer is spaced sufficiently away from said five electrode taps to prevent said narrow, compressed signal from overlapping in time with said five narrow, compressed pulse samples.

17. An SAW-ID tag device, as recited in claim 16, wherein said piezoelectric substrate is a material having temperature-stable characteristics other than quartz.

18. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device, comprising the steps of:

selecting a piezoelectric substrate having a polished top surface, a bottom surface and temperature-stable characteristics;

forming an input chirped SAW transducer being capable of providing a dispersive, complementary matched filter response to a chirp waveform input signal on said top surface of the piezoelectric substrate;

connecting an upper bus bar and a lower bus bar to said input chirped SAW transducer on said top surface of the piezoelectric substrate and connecting a built-in antenna to said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar;

disposing a plurality of electrode taps between said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar;

spacing said electrode taps at selected distances from each other between said upper bus bar and lower bus bar, thereby determining a sequence of time-ordered signals forming a time-ordered code;

generating an expanded FM chirp waveform from a chirp transmitter as an expanded input chirp signal;

feeding said expanded input chirp signal through said antenna to said input chirped SAW transducer, said input chirped SAW transducer having a dispersive, complementary matched filter response to said expanded input chirp signal;

compressing said input expanded chirp signal into a narrow, compressed pulse signal;

propagating said narrow, compressed pulse signal toward said plurality of electrode taps forming said time-ordered code;

allowing said plurality of electrode taps to sample said narrow, compressed pulse signal in order to produce a plurality of narrow, compressed pulse samples; and

propagating a uniquely coded time-ordered pulse train output through said antenna back to a means for interrogation identifying the SAW-ID tagged article.

19. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 18, further comprising forming said piezoelectric substrate of quartz.

20. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 19, further comprising the steps of:

disposing said plurality of electrode taps orthogonally between said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar; and

forming said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar in a generally linear fashion running substantially parallel to each other.

21. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 20, further comprising the steps of:

forming said input chirped SAW transducer on said top surface of the piezoelectric substrate in close proximity to said antenna; and

spacing said input chirped SAW transducer sufficiently away from said plurality of electrode taps to prevent said narrow, compressed pulse signal from overlapping in time with said plurality of narrow, compressed pulse samples.

22. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device, as recited in claim 21, further comprising the step of locating said transmitter in proximity to said SAW-ID tag device.

23. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 22, further comprising the step of combining said means for interrogation with said transmitter.

24. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 23, wherein said antenna connected to said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar is a dipole antenna.

25. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 23, wherein said antenna connected to said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar is a loop antenna.

26. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device comprising the steps of:

selecting a piezoelectric substrate having a polished top surface, a bottom surface and temperature-stable characteristics;

forming an input chirped SAW transducer being capable of providing a dispersive, complementary matched filter response to a chirp waveform input signal on said top surface of the piezoelectric substrate;

connecting an upper bus bar and a lower bus bar to said input chirped SAW transducer on said top surface of the piezoelectric substrate and connecting a built-in antenna to said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar;

disposing a plurality of electrode taps between said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar;

forming a plurality of connected electrode taps from said plurality of electrode taps with a plurality of upper connective portions connecting each of said plurality of connected electrode taps to said upper bus bar and a plurality of lower connective portions connecting each of said plurality of connected electrode taps to said lower bus bar;

selectively disconnecting a predetermined number of said plurality of connected electrode taps from said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar with a cutting means forming a set of operational electrode taps;

said set of operational electrode taps determining said sequence of time-ordered signals forming said time-ordered code;

generating an expanded FM chirp waveform from a chirp transmitter as an expanded input chirp signal;

feeding said input expanded chirp signal through said antenna to said input chirped SAW transducer;

compressing said input expanded chirp signal into a narrow, compressed pulse signal;

propagating said narrow, compressed pulse signal toward said set of operational electrode taps forming said time-ordered code;

allowing said set of operational electrode taps to sample said narrow, compressed pulse signal in order to produce a plurality of narrow, compressed pulse samples; and

propagating a uniquely coded time-ordered pulse train output through said antenna back to a means for interrogation identifying the SAW-ID tagged article.

27. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 26, further comprising the steps of:

disposing said set of operational electrode taps orthogonally between said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar; and

forming said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar in a generally linear fashion running substantially parallel to each other.

28. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 27, further comprising forming said piezoelectric substrate of quartz.

29. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 28, further comprising the steps of:

forming said input chirped SAW transducer on said top surface of the piezoelectric substrate in close proximity to said antenna; and

spacing said input chirped SAW transducer sufficiently away from said set of operational electrode taps to prevent said narrow, compressed pulse signal from overlapping in time with said plurality of narrow, compressed pulse samples.

30. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device, as recited in claim 29, further comprising the step of locating said transmitter in proximity to said SAW-ID tag device.

31. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 30, further comprising the step of combining said means for interrogation with said transmitter.

32. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 31, wherein said antenna connected to said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar is a dipole antenna.

33. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 31, wherein said antenna connected to said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar is a loop antenna.

34. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 32, wherein said plurality of upper connective portions and said plurality of lower connective portions are formed of a metallic conductive wire.

35. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 34, wherein said plurality of upper connective portions and said plurality of lower connective portions are formed of an identical thin-film conductive material as said input chirped SAW transducer, said set of operational electrode taps, said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar.

36. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 35, wherein said thin-film conductive material is aluminum.

37. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device, as recited in claim 36, wherein the cutting means is a laser scribe.

38. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device, comprising the steps of:

selecting a piezoelectric substrate having a polished top surface, a bottom surface and temperature-stable characteristics;

forming an input chirped SAW transducer being capable of providing a dispersive, complementary matched filter response to a chirp waveform input signal on said top surface of the piezoelectric substrate;

connecting an upper bus bar and a lower bus bar to said input chirped SAW transducer on said top surface of the piezoelectric substrate and connecting a built-in antenna to said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar;

forming a plurality of electrode taps having a plurality of top conductive wire bonds and a plurality of bottom conductive wire bonds;

forming said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar in a generally linear fashion running substantially parallel to each other, having a plurality of opposing slots dimensioned to accept said plurality of top conductive wire bonds bridging said opposing slots of the upper bus bar and to accept said plurality of bottom conductive wire bonds bridging said opposing slots of the lower bus bar;

disposing said plurality of electrode taps between said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar;

forming a plurality of connected electrode taps by selectively connecting said plurality of top conductive wire bonds to said upper bus bar and said plurality of bottom conductive wire bonds to said lower bus bar;

spacing said plurality of connected electrode taps at selected distances from each other between said upper bus bar and lower bus bar, thereby determining a sequence of time-ordered signals forming a time-ordered code;

generating an expanded FM chirp waveform from a chirp transmitter as an expanded input chirp signal;

feeding said expanded input chirp signal through said antenna to said input chirped SAW transducer;

compressing said expanded input chirp signal into a narrow, compressed pulse signal;

propagating said narrow, compressed pulse signal toward said plurality of connected electrode taps forming said time-ordered code;

allowing said plurality of connected electrode taps to sample said narrow, compressed pulse signal in order to produce a plurality of narrow, compressed pulse samples; and

propagating a uniquely coded time-ordered pulse train output through said antenna back to a means for interrogation identifying the SAW-ID tagged article.

39. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 38, further comprising forming said piezoelectric substrate of quartz.

40. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 39, further comprising the step of disposing said plurality of connected electrode taps orthogonally between said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar.

41. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 40, further comprising the steps of:

forming said input chirped SAW transducer on said top surface of the piezoelectric substrate in close proximity to said antenna; and

spacing said input chirped SAW transducer sufficiently away from said plurality of connected electrode taps to prevent said narrow;

compressed pulse signal from overlapping in time with said plurality of narrow, compressed pulse samples.

42. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device, as recited in claim 41, further comprising the step of locating said transmitter in proximity to said SAW-ID tag device.

43. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 42, further comprising the step of combining said means for interrogation with said transmitter.

44. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 43, wherein said antenna connected to said upper bus bar and lower bus bar is a dipole antenna.

45. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 43, wherein said antenna connected to said upper bus bar and lower bus bar is a loop antenna.

46. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 44, wherein said plurality of top conductive wire bonds and said plurality of bottom conductive wire bonds are formed of a metallic conductive material.

47. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 46, wherein said plurality of top conductive wire bonds and said plurality of bottom conductive wire bonds are formed of an identical thin-film conductive material as said input chirped SAW transducer, said set of operational electrode taps, said upper bus bar and said lower bus bar.

48. A method of identifying articles using an SAW-ID tag device as recited in claim 47, wherein said thin-film conductive material is aluminum.