Three-dimensional, texture mapping display system

• US 5,469,535 A
• Filed: 05/04/1992
• Issued: 11/21/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 05/04/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Warner Bros Entertainment Incorporated (Warner Bros. Discovery, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Midway Mfg. Co.
• Inventors: Jarvis, Eugene, Pribyl, Eric L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Herndon, Heather R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SMITH, MICHAEL
• Application Number:
  US07/878,151
• Time in Patent Office: 1,296 Days
• Field of Search: 395/130, 395/125, 395/128, 395/129, 395/127, 395/119
• US Class Current: 345/582
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/10 Control of the course of the game, e.g. start, progess, end
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/45 Controlling the progress of the video game
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/52 involving aspects of the displayed game scene
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/203 Image generating hardware
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/66 for rendering three dimensional images
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/04 Texture mapping
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/50 Lighting effects

Abstract

A three-dimensional, texture mapping display system for displaying three-dimensional projected polygons with texture map on a two-dimensional raster display screen includes a host processor and a graphics co-processor. The host processor is responsive to input data from a host memory defining an overall image that is to be displayed on a three-dimensional form on a raster display device for generating command signals, screen coordinates on the display device, and corresponding texture space coordinates on a texture memory. The graphics co-processor is responsive to the command signals, screen coordinates, and corresponding screen space coordinates for determining destination addresses for each pixel on the screen space of the display device and for determining a corresponding source address applying surface texture data to the image for each destination address. The graphics co-processor includes a look-up table for storing Z-mapping function values so as to provide delta and acceleration values in texture space which can be used to determine the source addresses.

Claims

1. In a display system adapted for use with video games to allow real-time animation of video games scenes with texture surfaces, said display system displaying three-dimensional projected texture mapped polygons on a two-dimensional display device having a screen composed of picture elements (pixels), said display system comprising:

a) host processing means responsive to input data from a host memory defining an overall image that is to be displayed in a three-dimensional form on a display device;

b) graphics co-processing means responsive to said host processing means for determining;

(i) destination addresses for each pixel on the screen of said display device and

(ii) a corresponding source address from which surface texture data is supplied for each said pixel; and

c) said graphics co-processing means including means for computing Z-mapping function values and delta and acceleration values therefrom, said graphics co-processing means using said delta and acceleration values to select said source addresses to display a reasonably accurate perspective of a three-dimensional texture mapped polygon on a two-dimensional display.

2. The display system of claim 1, wherein said Z-mapping function values are functions of screen deltas and a Z ratio.

3. The device according to claim 1 wherein the delta and acceleration values are determined from the formulas:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">DD=(4-(8/(ZR+1)))/(DL.sup.2)

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">D+(1/DL)-((DL-1) DD/2)

where ZR is the ratio of ending and starting Z coordinates of the destination line;

DL is the number of samples in the destination line;

DD is acceleration and D is delta.

4. The display system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising video frame buffer means for storing said destination source addresses from said graphics co-processor for directly supplying the same to said raster display device.

5. The display system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising video frame buffer means for storing said destination and source addresses for said graphics co-processor and for generating a color index data, and further including color lookup table means for storing color and intensity values and being responsive to said color index data for supplying color and intensity values to said raster display device.

6. A method adapted for use with video games to allow real-time animation of video games scenes with texture surfaces for displaying three-dimensional projected texture mapped polygons on a two-dimensional display device having a screen comprised of picture elements (pixels), said method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a host processor for processing input data from a host memory defining an image to be displayed in a three-dimensional form on said two-dimensional display device;

(b) programming a graphics co-processor to;

(i) determine destination addresses for each pixel on the screen space of said display device,

(ii) compute Z-mapping function values and delta and acceleration values therefrom and

(iii) use said delta and acceleration values to select a source address from which surface texture data is supplied for each of said pixels,

whereby a reasonably accurate perspective of a three-dimensional texture mapped polygon is displayed on said two-dimensional display.

7. The device according to claim 6 wherein the data and acceleration values are determined from the formulas:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">DD=(4-(8/(ZR+1)))/(DL.sup.2)

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">D+(1/DL)-((DL-1) DD/2)

where ZR is the ratio of ending and starting Z coordinates of the destination line;

DL is the number of samples in the destination line;

DD is acceleration and D is delta.