Composite material for fabrication of sails and other articles

• US 5,470,632 A
• Filed: 07/18/1994
• Issued: 11/28/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/17/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cubic Tech Corporation (DSM-Firmenich AG)
• Original Assignee: America3 Foundation
• Inventors: Downs, Roland J., Meldner, Heiner
• Primary Examiner(s): Bell, James J.
• Application Number:
  US08/276,541
• Time in Patent Office: 498 Days
• Field of Search: 428/105, 428/109, 428/110, 428/111, 428/292, 428/293, 428/294, 428/296, 428/297, 428/298, 428/902, 428/448, 156/167, 156/179, 156/275.5
• US Class Current: 428/110
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/44 using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2262/105 Ceramic fibres
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2262/106 Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2605/12 Ships
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/12 next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/36 comprising polyesters
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 5/12 characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 5/26 another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers B32B5/12
• CPC Class Codes: B63H 9/067 Sails characterised by their construction or manufacturing process
• CPC Class Codes: B63H 9/0678 Laminated sails
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/902 High modulus filament or fiber
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24058 including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24091 with additional layer[s]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24099 On each side of strands or strand-portions
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/249942 Fibers are aligned substantially parallel
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/249945 Carbon or carbonaceous fiber
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31663 As siloxane, silicone or silane

Abstract

An improved reinforced laminate for use in sails or other flexible sheet or membrane applications utilizes a pull-truded thin lightweight reinforcing sheet of unidirectional extruded monofilaments in which the reinforcing sheet or sheets form one or more uni-tapes laminated to a polymer film such as Mylar, or other extended sheet of material. The monofilaments are uniformly embedded in the uni-tape via an elastomeric polymer matrix, with the reinforcing sheet, when incorporated into sails via lamination resulting in sails with reinforcing monofilaments having diameters 5 times less than conventional strands or threads. The use of small diameter monofilaments greatly increases the monofilament-over-monofilament crossover density, resulting in a dramatic increase in shear strength, and Youngs'"'"' Modulus, with an accompanying dramatic decrease in weight. In one embodiment the improvement in specific modulus over conventional sail laminates is about six-fold. For example, at only one-third the weight, stretch resistance is two times better. In a preferred embodiment, autoclaving is used in the lamination process to rid the laminate of voids which dramatically reduce shear strength by as much as 30 percent. Alternative void-free laminating processes include a silicone interliner/heated platen technique.

Claims

1. A material for use as a flexible foldable sheet having improved shear strength comprising:

a laminate including reinforcing elements therein, said reinforcing elements including at least two unidirectional tapes, each having extruded monofilaments therein, all of such monofilaments lying in a predetermined direction within the tape, said tapes being placed one atop the other within the laminate in a crossed fashion, with the monofilaments of one tape being at an angle to the monofilaments of an adjacent tape.

2. The material of claim 1, wherein said unidirectional tapes are formed in a pull-trusion process to provide a pull-truded tape.

3. The material of claim 1, wherein said tape includes a monofilament and resin matrix and wherein said resin is flexible when cured, such that the resulting reinforced laminate is both flexible and foldable.

4. The material of claim 1, wherein said laminate includes a top and bottom film, with said reinforcing elements sandwiched therebetween, said laminate being free of voids therein.

5. The material of claim 1, wherein said monofilaments have diameters less than 20 microns for permitting an increase in crossover density.

6. A reinforcing element for use within a laminate comprising a unidirectional tape having monofilaments running in one direction therethrough, said tape having been made by passing side-by-side bands having extruded monofilaments therein through a resin bath and passing the resin-coated bands through fixed gap pinch rollers which marry the individual bands into a tape.

7. The reinforcing element of claim 6, wherein said resin is flexible when cured.

8. The reinforcing element of claim 6, wherein the unified tape from the rotary die is first heated and then cooled.

9. A flexible foldable composite sheet comprising top and bottom films, and unidirectional tape reinforcing elements laminated between band films, each tape reinforcing element having monofilaments therein, with the directions of the monofilaments in adjacent tapes being different.

10. The composite sheet of claim 9, wherein the laminate is formed via autoclaving.

11. The composite sheet of claim 9, wherein the laminate is formed by heat and pressure.

12. The composite sheet of claim 11, wherein the laminate is cured by UV light.

13. The composite sheet of claim 9, wherein the laminate is formed by confining said laminate top and bottom with over and underlying sheets respectively and providing a silicone interliner adjacent the laminate, said interliner expanding with heat to provide uniform pressure to effectuate lamination without the formation of voids by forcing evolved gas back into the laminate.

14. The composite of claim 9, wherein each tape includes monofilaments of different material.

15. The composite of claim 14, wherein said different material are carbon and polymers.