Capacitive data card system

• US 5,471,040 A
• Filed: 11/15/1993
• Issued: 11/28/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/15/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: George May
• Original Assignee: George May
• Inventors: May, George
• Primary Examiner(s): Hajec, Donald
• Assistant Examiner(s): FILIPEK, JEFFER
• Application Number:
  US08/148,611
• Time in Patent Office: 743 Days
• Field of Search: 235/451, 235/492, 365/96
• US Class Current: 235/451
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 1/126 by photographic or thermographic registration recording apparatus for measuring instruments G01D15/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/067 Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/081 electrostatic, e.g. by detecting the charge of capacitance between electrodes

Abstract

A data storage and retrieval system is disclosed which includes an interface module and a data card. Both the interface module and card include a plurality of primary and secondary electrodes having the same pattern. The data card further includes a plurality of fuses extending between each of the primary and secondary electrodes. When the fuse is intact, it will conduct current. When the fuse is blown, the resistance will substantially increase. The state of the resistance of the fuse is used to represent bits of data. In operation, the card is juxtaposed with respect to the interface module so that the respective electrodes can be capacitively coupled. In order to read the data on the card, a an output having a predetermined voltage and frequency is applied to the electrodes. The level of AC current passing through the fuse is measured and the result is used to derive the state of the fuse. When information is to be written onto the card, the voltage level and the oscillating frequency are increased causing the current flow in the electrodes to increase thereby blowing the fuse. The hardware is low in cost, requires low power to operate and provides a write once/read many memory (WORM) in the form of a disposable data card.

Claims

1. A data storage and information retrieval system comprising:

an interface module, said interface module including;

a plurality of individually addressable primary interface electrodes;

at least one secondary interface electrode, said interface electrodes being arranged in a predetermined pattern;

a data card having changeable bits of information, said card including;

a plurality of primary card electrodes;

at least one secondary card electrode, said card electrodes being arranged in a predetermined pattern selected so that when the card is placed next to the interface module, the interface electrodes will be in register with the card electrodes; and

a bridge formed between each primary card electrode and the secondary card electrode, said bridge having a resistance which can be either a first level or a second level, with the level of resistance being representative of a bit of information; and

means located in said interface module for generating an alternating current output having two different voltage profiles, said output being applied to selectable interface electrodes in a manner to capacitively couple a current to the opposing card electrodes and wherein the level of resistance of a particular bridge on said card can be evaluated by measuring the amount of current which passes through the bridge when an output having a first voltage profile is applied to the interface electrodes and wherein the resistance of said bridge can be changed by applying an output having a second voltage profile to said interface electrodes and wherein the frequency of said second voltage profile is greater than the frequency of the first voltage profile.

2. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein the voltage of the output associated with the first voltage profile is different from the voltage of the output associated with the second voltage profile.

3. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein the bridge is defined by a fuse and wherein the fuse will be blown when the output having the second voltage profile is passed therethrough such that the resistance of the bridge will be increased.

4. A system as recited in claim 3 wherein the voltage of the output associated with the second voltage profile is higher than the voltage of the output associated with the first voltage profile.

5. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein the bridge includes a dielectric material and wherein the resistance of the bridge will be reduced when the output having the second voltage profile is passed therethrough.

6. A system as recited in claim 5 wherein the voltage of the output associated with the second voltage profile is higher than the voltage of the output associated with the first voltage profile.

7. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein the bridge is formed of a material having a first resistance after the material has been heated and then quickly cooled and a second resistance after the material has been heated and then cooled at a relatively slower rate.

8. A system as recited in claim 7 wherein the output having said second voltage profile has two forms, with the first form including a peak level that is slowly reduced and with the second form having a peak level which is quickly reduced.

9. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein the primary electrodes are formed in a row and a single, elongated secondary electrode is located adjacent the row of primary electrodes.

10. A system as recited in claim 9 wherein the bridges associated with each primary electrode in the row extend over and are connected to the single, common secondary electrode.

11. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein the primary electrodes are formed in two parallel rows and a single, elongated secondary electrode is located between the two rows of primary electrodes and the bridges associated with each primary electrode in the rows extend over and are connected to the single, common secondary electrode.

12. A system as recited in claim 1 further including a visual indicator means associated with each said bridge, said visual indicator means having a first appearance when said bridge has a first resistance level and a second, different appearance when said bridge has a second resistance.

13. A system as recited in claim 12 wherein said visual indicator means is defined by a material which changes color in response to a change in temperature and wherein the temperature of the bridge undergoes a change when the resistance of the bridge is altered.

14. A system as recited in claim 13 wherein said material is defined by a layer overcoating the bridge on said card.

15. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein the frequency of said second voltage profile is at least twice as large as the frequency of said first voltage profile.

16. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein said second voltage profile is further defined by applying said alternating current to both said interface electrodes, in opposite phase, so that the voltage difference across the interface electrodes generated when the second voltage profile is applied is twice the voltage difference generated when the first voltage profile is applied.

17. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein said means for generating an output is powered by a low voltage, low power source.

18. A data storage and information retrieval system comprising:

an interface module, said interface module including;

a plurality of individually addressable primary interface electrodes;

at least one secondary interface electrode, said interface electrodes being arranged in a predetermined pattern;

a data card having changeable bits of information, said card including;

a plurality of primary card electrodes;

at least one secondary card electrode, said card electrodes being arranged in a predetermined pattern selected so that when the card is placed next to the interface module, the interface electrodes will be in register with the card electrodes; and

a bridge formed between each primary card electrode and the secondary card electrode, said bridge having a resistance which can be either a first level or a second level, with the level of resistance being representative of a bit of information; and

means located in said interface module for generating an output having two different voltage profiles, said output being applied to selectable interface electrodes in a manner to capacitively couple a current to the opposing card electrodes and wherein the level of resistance of a particular bridge on said card can be evaluated by measuring the amount of current which passes through the bridge when an output having a first voltage profile is applied to the interface electrodes and wherein the resistance of said bridge can be changed by applying an output having a second voltage profile to said interface electrodes and wherein said first voltage profile is defined by applying an alternating current to one of said interface electrodes while holding the other interface electrode at ground and wherein said second voltage profile is defined by applying an alternating current to both said interface electrodes, in opposite phase, so that the voltage difference across the interface electrodes generated when the second voltage profile is applied is twice the voltage difference generated when the first voltage profile is applied.

19. A system as recited in claim 18 wherein the frequency of said second voltage profile is greater than the frequency of the first voltage profile.

20. A system as recited in claim 19 wherein the frequency of said second voltage profile is at least twice as large as the frequency of said first voltage profile.

21. A system as recited in claim 18 wherein said means for generating an output is powered by a low voltage, low power source.

22. A system as recited in claim 18 wherein the bridge is defined by a fuse and wherein the fuse will be blown when the output having the second voltage profile is passed therethrough such that the resistance of the bridge will be increased.

23. A system as recited in claim 22 wherein the frequency of said second voltage profile is greater than the frequency of the first voltage profile.

24. A system as recited in claim 18 wherein the bridge includes a dielectric material and wherein the resistance of the bridge will be reduced when the output having the second voltage profile is passed therethrough.

25. A system as recited in claim 24 wherein the frequency of said second voltage profile is greater than the frequency of the first voltage profile.

26. A system as recited in claim 18 wherein the bridge is formed of a material having a first resistance after the material has been heated and then quickly cooled and a second resistance after the material has been heated and then cooled at a relatively slower rate.

27. A system as recited in claim 26 wherein the output having said first voltage profile has a peak level and is slowly reduced and the output current having the second voltage profile has a peak level which is quickly reduced.

28. A system as recited in claim 18 wherein the primary electrodes are formed in a row and a single, elongated secondary electrode is located adjacent the row of primary electrodes.

29. A system as recited in claim 28 wherein the bridges associated with each primary electrode in the row extend over and are connected to the single, common secondary electrode.

30. A system as recited in claim 18 wherein the primary electrodes are formed in two parallel rows and a single, elongated secondary electrode is located between the two rows of primary electrodes and the bridges associated with each primary electrode in the rows extend over and are connected to the single, common secondary electrode.

31. A system as recited in claim 18 further including a visual indicator means associated with each said bridge, said visual indicator means having a first appearance when said bridge has a first resistance level and a second, different appearance when said bridge has a second resistance.

32. A system as recited in claim 31 wherein said visual indicator means is defined by a material which changes color in response to a change in temperature and wherein the temperature of the bridge undergoes a change when the resistance of the bridge is altered.

33. A system as recited in claim 32 wherein said material is defined by a layer overcoating the bridge on said card.