Nonuniformity correction of an imaging sensor using region-based correction terms

• US 5,471,240 A
• Filed: 11/15/1993
• Issued: 11/28/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/15/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Gleichman, Douglas M., Sisneros, Jerry N., Wootan, John J., Prager, Kenneth E., Herbst, Stephen J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Groody, James J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Cohen, Cheryl
• Application Number:
  US08/152,154
• Time in Patent Office: 743 Days
• Field of Search: 348/164, 250/332, 250/552, 250/553, 364/571.01, 364/571.02, 364/574, 364/575
• US Class Current: 348/164
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/671 for non-uniformity detection or correction
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/674 based on the scene itself, e.g. defocusing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/33 Transforming infrared radiation cameras or camera modules for generating image signals from infrared radiation H04N23/20; circuitry of SSIS for transforming infrared radiation into image signals H04N25/20

Abstract

A scene based nonuniformity correction method (40) that computes and applies offset correction errors to a video signal corresponding to an image derived from a imaging sensor (11). A video signal derived from the sensor (11) is processed such that a vector representing offset correction terms is formed, and this vector is initially set to zero. Each element in this vector represents a correction term for a particular detector of the sensor (11). The vector is applied to each pixel of the image by a processor (13) as the pixels are read from the sensor (11). To measure the offset error, the image is separated into vertically oriented regions, each comprising a plurality of channels. The average of each channel within a region is computed (42), and a set of region vectors is foraged, such that there is one region vector for each region. Each region vector is then globally high-pass filtered and then edges larger than a predefined threshold are detected (43), and marked (44). Then, each region vector is further separated into sub-regions (45). The isolated sub-regions are locally high-pass filtered. In one embodiment, the correction terms for each vertical region vector are averaged together, resulting in a single correction vector (48). The correction terms calculated for each vertical region may also be applied individually to each detector of the sensor (11). In this second embodiment, the offset level error in each region for each channel is calculated (49), wherein the offset level error at boundary edges is undefined. The correction terms corresponding to a region are applied as the detector (11) scans the scene and views a portion corresponding to that particular region. The correction terms are smoothed at region boundaries to eliminate noise due to boundary transitions.

Claims

1. A scene based nonuniformity correction method for use with a scanning infrared sensor, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a video input signal derived from an image;

processing the video input signal such that a vector representing offset correction terms is formed, wherein each element in the vector represents a correction term for a particular detector of the scanning infrared sensor and wherein the vector is initially set to zero;

separating the image into vertically oriented regions, each region comprising a plurality of channels;

computing an average of each channel within a region

forming a set of region vectors, such that there is one region vector for each region;

globally high-pass filtering each region vector wherein edges larger than predefined threshold are detected and marked

separating each region vector into sub-regions demarcated by the edges;

locally high-pass filtering each sub-region

computing the offset correction terms for each vertical region vector from said high-pass filtered sub-regions; and

applying the offset correction terms to the video signal.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of computing the correction terms comprises the step of averaging the correction terms for each vertical region vector together to produce a single correction vector.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of computing the correction terms comprises the step of calculating the offset correction terms in each region for each channel, wherein the offset correction terms at boundary edges are undefined.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of locally high-pass filtering comprises the step of anti-median filtering the region vector.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of locally high-pass filtering comprises the step of low-pass filtering the region vector and subtracting the resultant vector from an original region vector.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of locally high-pass filtering comprises the step of median filtering the region vector and subtracting the resultant vector from an original region vector.

7. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of locally high-pass filtering comprises the step of anti-median filtering the region vector.

8. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of locally high-pass filtering comprises the step of low-pass filtering the region vector and subtracting the resultant vector from an original region vector.

9. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of locally high-pass filtering comprises the step of median filtering the region vector and subtracting the resultant vector from an original region vector.

10. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of locally high-pass filtering comprises the step of anti-median filtering the region vector.

11. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of locally high-pass filtering comprises the step of low-pass filtering the region vector and subtracting the resultant vector from an original region vector.

12. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of locally high-pass filtering comprises the step of median filtering the region vector and subtracting the resultant vector from an original region vector.

13. A method of processing a video signal from a scanning infrared sensor having an array of detector channels, the method comprising the steps of applying values for gain and offset to the video signal;

and updating the values for offset by;

computing averages of detector channels within vertically oriented regions of the sensor, each vertically oriented region comprising a plurality of channels;

forming a region vector for each vertically oriented region from the averages;

detecting edges within the region vectors;

separating the region vectors into sub-regions demarcated by the edges;

locally high-pass filtering the sub-regions;

computing at least one vector of error estimates from the high pass filtered sub-regions; and

updating the offset values with the at least one vector of error estimates.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein a plurality of vectors of error estimates is computed and averaged together into a single vector, which is used for updating the offset values.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the values for offset include a fine offset and a coarse offset, and wherein the fine offset values are updated with the at least one vector of error estimates.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of applying an attenuator to the at least one vector of error estimates.

17. A method for updating fine offset level correction terms applied to a video signal from a scanning infrared sensor having an array of detector channels, the method comprising the steps of:

computing averages of detector channels within vertically oriented regions of the sensor, each vertically oriented region comprising a plurality of channels;

forming a region vector for each vertically oriented region from the averages;

detecting edges within each region vector;

separating each region vector into sub-regions demarcated by the edges;

locally high-pass filtering each sub-region;

computing error estimates from the high pass filtered sub-regions; and

updating the fine offset level correction terms with the error estimates.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein a plurality of vectors of error estimates is computed and averaged together into a single vector, which is used for updating the fine offset level correction terms.