Brake unit for automotive vehicles with electric drive

• US 5,472,264 A
• Filed: 01/24/1994
• Issued: 12/05/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 07/24/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ITT Automotive Europe GmbH (Xylem, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: ITT Automotive Europe GmbH (Xylem, Inc.)
• Inventors: Klein, Hans-Christof, Drott, Peter, Lohberg, Peter, Balz, Juergen
• Primary Examiner(s): Oberleitner, Robert J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Poon, Peter M.
• Application Number:
  US08/182,014
• Time in Patent Office: 680 Days
• Field of Search: 303/3, 303/9.71, 303/15, 303/20, 303/113.4, 303/16, 303/22.1, 188/156, 188/181 A, 188/181 C, 188/182, 318/87, 318/371
• US Class Current: 303/3
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/12 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/26 by pedal actuation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/12 for vehicles propelled by dc motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/26 Controlling the braking effect
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 1/10 by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 13/586 the retarders being of the electric type
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 13/745 acting on a hydraulic system, e.g. a master cylinder
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2270/602 ABS features related thereto
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2270/608 Electronic brake distribution (EBV/EBD) features related thereto
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 8/267 for hybrid systems with different kind of brakes on different axles
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 8/32 responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration using electrical circuitry or regulation means B60T8/17 ; B60T8/28 takes precedence; electric devices on electrically propelled vehicles indicating the wheel slip B60L3/10; measuring linear or angular speed per se G01P3/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 8/4809 Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/92 Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

Abstract

A brake unit for automotive vehicles with electric drive is configured in the shape of a multiple-circuit compound system consisting of hydraulic friction brakes of brake circuits (I, I'"'"', I", III, III'"'"', III") and of an electroregenerative brake system (circuit II, II'"'"', II"). In a vehicle with a driven and a non-driven axle, three brake circuits exist, one brake circuit of which (I, I'"'"', I") is comprised of a pedal-actuated hydraulic brake pressure master unit (2) and of friction brakes (3, 4) acting upon the non-driven wheels. The second brake circuit (II, II'"'"', II") which represents an electroregenerative brake system is directly or indirectly coupled to the brake pedal and acts upon the driven wheels. The third brake circuit (III, III'"'"', III") which is comprised of friction brakes (10, 11) also acts upon the driven wheels. The actuation of the wheel brakes (10, 11) is connected to the second and third brake circuits. The distribution of the brake power to the front axle (VA) and to the rear axle (HA) is controlled with the aid of an electronic controller (7, 7'"'"',7").

Claims

1. A brake unit for automotive vehicles with electric drive, with a driven and a non-driven axle of vehicle wheels, with a first set of hydraulic friction brakes individually associated with said vehicle wheels of said driven axle, and with a second set of hydraulic friction brakes individually associated with said vehicle wheels of said non-driven axle, wherein said brake unit is provided in the shape of a multiple-circuit compound system consisting of said first set and said second set of said hydraulic friction brakes and an electroregenerative brake system, said electroregenerative brake system utilizing an electric driving motor of the automotive vehicle for braking and for energy recovery, and three brake circuits being provided, a first brake circuit which is comprised of a pedal-actuated brake pressure master unit and of said second set of hydraulic friction brakes, a second brake circuit which is constituted by the electroregenerative brake system which is directly or indirectly coupled to a brake pedal and which acts upon said driven wheels, and a third brake circuit which is comprised of said first set of hydraulic friction brakes and is coupled to the brake pedal, wherein an electronic controller which is fed with information on brake pressure caused by actuation of the brake pedal, on vehicle speed and on the charging condition of the vehicle batteries and evaluates said information for controlling said second brake circuit and said third brake circuit and for controlling the distribution of the brake power to said driven and said non-driven axles, characterized in that said first set of hydraulic friction brakes in a way isolated hydraulically from the brake pressure master unit, are connected to at least one of:

(a) an electrohydraulic actuating mechanism which is driven by actuating signals of the controller, and

(b) an auxiliary pressure source, for braking said vehicle wheels of said driven axle by applying pressure fluid to said first set of hydraulic friction brakes.

2. A brake unit as claimed in claim 1 wherein the friction brakes through electrically actuatable hydraulic valves are connectable to said auxiliary pressure source, which comprises a pressure balancing tank, the said auxiliary pressure source being drivable by actuating signals of the controller and being composed of an electromotively driven hydraulic pump and a hydraulic accumulator.

3. A brake unit as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the electronic controller varies the brake power distribution depending on the loading of the vehicle and/or on the distribution of the dynamic axle load and/or on the driving situation.

4. A brake unit as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the first and the third hydraulic brake circuits are extended to form an anti-lock control system and/or a traction slip control system by inserting hydraulic valves which are controllable depending on the rotational behavior of the individual wheels by way of a Multiplex circuit.

5. A brake unit as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the third brake circuit is subdivided in such a way that the friction brakes acting upon the driven wheels can be actuated independently of each other.

6. A brake unit as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the wheel brakes acting upon the driven wheels are connectible, through electrically actuatable hydraulic valves on one hand to hydraulic accumulators and, on the other hand, to said auxiliary pressure source being comprised of a pressure balancing tank, a further hydraulic accumulator being additionally connected to the auxiliary pressure source and being connectible, through further electrically actuatable hydraulic valves, both to the friction brakes which act upon the non-driven wheels and to the friction brakes which act upon the driven wheels.

7. A brake unit as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the electroregenerative brake system can be switched off for the duration of an anti-lock control and/or a traction slip control action.

8. A brake unit as claimed in anyone of claim 4 in that through a totalizing stage the pedal force and an actuating power being generated with the aid of an actuator act upon the brake pressure master unit.

9. A brake unit as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that a pedal travel limiter, respectively an actuator, is provided for the limitation of the pedal force in the case of an anti-lock control action.

10. A brake system for automotive vehicles with electric drive, an accelerator pedal, a vehicle battery having a charging condition and a driven axle and a non-driven axle of vehicle wheels, said brake system comprising:

a brake pedal;

a first set of hydraulic friction brakes individually associated with said vehicle wheels of said driven axle;

a second set of hydraulic friction brakes individually associated with said vehicle wheels of said non-driven axle;

a multiple-circuit compound brake system including;

(a) a first brake circuit having a pedal-actuated brake pressure master unit for braking said vehicle wheels of said non-driven axle by applying pressure fluid to said second set of hydraulic friction brakes,

(b) a second brake circuit which is an electroregenerative brake circuit, responsive to movement of said brake pedal, having an electric driving motor, for braking said vehicle wheels of said driven axle and for recovering energy from said vehicle wheels of said driven axle,

(c) a third brake circuit, responsive to movement of said brake pedal and hydraulically isolated from said pedal-actuated brake pressure master unit, including at least one of;

(i) an electrohydraulic actuating mechanism, and

(ii) an auxiliary pressure source, for braking said vehicle wheels of said driven axle by applying pressure fluid to said first set of hydraulic friction brakes;

means for developing vehicle speed signals representative of the vehicle speed;

means for developing charging condition signals representative of the charging condition of the vehicle battery;

means for developing pressure signals representative of the pressure in said pedal-actuated brake pressure master unit; and

an electronic controller, responsive to;

(a) said vehicle speed signals,

(b) said charging condition signals,

(c) said pressure signals,

for generating control signals for controlling braking operation of said electroregenerative brake circuit and said third brake circuit.

11. A brake system in accordance with claim 10, wherein said third brake circuit includes said electrohydraulic actuating mechanism, which responds to said control signals.

12. A brake system in accordance with claim 10, wherein said third brake circuit includes said electrohydraulic actuating mechanism which comprises:

an electrically controllable actuator responsive to said control signals; and

a master cylinder responsive to said electrically controllable actuator; and

said brake system further comprises;

means for developing accelerator pedal position signals representative of the position of said accelerator pedal;

means for developing master cylinder pressure signals representative of the pressure of said master cylinder;

means for developing brake pedal position signals representative of the position of said brake pedal; and

wherein said electronic controller further responds to said accelerator pedal position signals, said master cylinder pressure signals and said brake pedal position signals.

13. A brake system in accordance with claim 10, wherein said third brake circuit includes said auxiliary pressure source and further comprises:

a first electrically actuatable hydraulic valve disposed between said first set of hydraulic friction brakes and said auxiliary pressure source;

a pressure balancing tank; and

a second electrically actuatable hydraulic valve disposed between said first set of hydraulic friction brakes and said pressure balancing tank.

14. A brake system in accordance with claim 13, wherein said auxiliary pressure source comprises a hydraulic accumulator and an electromotively driven hydraulic pump, which responds to said control signals of said electronic controller.

15. A brake system in accordance with claim 10, further comprising:

means for developing loading signals representative of vehicle loading;

means for developing driving situation signals representative of the driving situation;

means for developing distribution signals representative of the distribution of the axle load; and

wherein said electronic controller further responds to said loading signals, said driving situation signals and said distribution signals for developing said control signals and for distributing brake power to said driven axle and said non-driven axle.

16. A brake system in accordance with claim 10 further comprising a circuit for generating rotational behavior signals representative of the rotational behavior of the vehicle wheels and wherein:

said electronic controller responds to said rotational behavior signals; and

said first and said third hydraulic brake circuits each comprise hydraulic valves, which are controllable depending on the rotational behavior of said vehicle wheels, to form at least one of an anti-lock control system or a traction slip control system.

17. A brake system in accordance with claim 10, wherein said third brake circuit is subdivided for independently actuating a first of said hydraulic friction brakes of said first set of said hydraulic friction brakes from a second of said hydraulic friction brakes of said first set of said hydraulic friction brakes.

18. A brake system in accordance with claim 17, wherein said first set of said hydraulic friction brakes includes a first driven hydraulic friction brake and a second driven hydraulic friction brake and wherein said third brake circuit includes said auxiliary pressure source including a pressure balancing tank and third brake circuit further comprises:

a first and a second hydraulic accumulator individually associated with said first and second driven hydraulic friction brakes;

a first electrically actuatable hydraulic valve disposed between said first hydraulic accumulator and said first driven hydraulic friction brake;

a second electrically actuatable hydraulic valve disposed between said second hydraulic accumulator and said second driven hydraulic friction brake;

a third electrically actuatable hydraulic valve disposed between said first driven hydraulic friction brake and said auxiliary pressure source;

a fourth electrically actuatable hydraulic valve disposed between said second driven hydraulic friction brake and said auxiliary pressure source;

a fifth electrically actuatable hydraulic valve disposed between said auxiliary pressure source and said third and fourth electrically actuatable hydraulic valves;

and said brake system further comprises sixth and seventh electrically actuatable hydraulic valves disposed between said second set of hydraulic friction brakes and a point between said third, fourth and fifth electrically actuatable hydraulic valves.

19. A brake system in accordance with claim 10 further comprising means, responsive to said electronic controller, for switching off said electroregenerative brake circuit during an anti-lock control and a traction slip control action.

20. A brake system in accordance with claim 10, wherein said first brake circuit further comprises:

an actuator, responsive to said control signals, for developing totalizing stage control signals; and

a totalizing stage, responsive to said totalizing stage control signals and movement of said brake pedal, for transmitting brake pedal force to said pedal-actuated brake pressure master unit and for serving as an anti-lock control and traction slip control unit.

21. A brake system in accordance with claim 20, wherein said first brake circuit further comprises a pedal travel limiter, disposed between said brake pedal and said pedal-actuated brake pressure master unit, for limiting the transmission of pedal force during an anti-lock control action.

22. A brake system in accordance with claim 21, wherein said pedal travel limiter is a pedal stop actuator.

23. A brake system in accordance with claim 10 further comprising:

means for developing accelerator pedal position signals representative of the position of said accelerator pedal;

means for developing brake pressure signals representative of the brake pressure of said hydraulic friction brakes;

means for developing brake pedal position signals representative of the position of said brake pedal; and

wherein said electronic controller further responds to said accelerator pedal position signals, said brake pressure signals and said brake pedal position signals.